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"Reconstructive Surgical Procedures history."
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Plastic surgery
\"This book provides a complete history of plastic surgery, a description of the modern techniques and choices available, and an overview of the controversies surrounding the choice to voluntarily change your physical appearance\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Reflections on the History of Nerve Repair – Sir Sydney Sunderland's Final Presentation to the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
Abstract
Sir Sydney Sunderland (1910-1993) was an eminent physician and anatomist who identified the fascicular structure of nerves, and developed the eponymous 5-tiered classification of nerve injuries. Not long before his death, he presented a keynote address to the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. Recently, the videotape of his presentation was discovered. In the presentation, Sir Sydney included discussion on the history of nerve repair, commencing with Herophilus and Galen, and progressing through the Middle Ages, including Leonardo of Bertapaglia, and he further noted the discoveries during the 1800s of the microscope, the axon, and nerve histology (including Remak, Schwann, Nissl, and Golgi), Waller's findings on nerve degeneration, and nerve injury (His, Cajal, Forsmann, and Harrison). Sir Sydney discussed nerve injuries sustained during World War I, with the deleterious effects of infection, and following the many nerve injuries sustained during World War II, he discussed his own discoveries of internal topography of nerve fascicles, and the anatomical substrate of nerve fascicles that limit surgery for nerve repair, nerve grafts, and the basic science of spinal cord repair. This paper presents a transcript of Sunderland's presentation and includes many of his original images used to illustrate this tour de force of nerve repair.
Journal Article
Henry van Roonhuyse and the first repair of a vesico-vaginal fistula (~1676)
Introduction and hypothesisObstetric vesico-vaginal fistula is a traumatic complication of prolonged obstructed labor in which pressure necrosis from the impacted fetal head destroys portions of the vesico-vaginal septum, resulting in continuous and uncontrollable urinary incontinence. Ancient evidence suggests that fistula cases have probably been occurring since the development of rotational delivery mechanics in anatomically modern humans hundreds of thousands of years ago. It is likely that attempts to repair such injuries also have a long history. The early history of vesico-vaginal fistula surgery was investigated to determine the earliest credible report of successful cure of this condition.MethodsHistorical review of vesico-vaginal fistula surgery was undertaken, focusing on the work of Henry Van Roonhuyse, a seventeenth century Dutch surgeon living in Amsterdam.ResultsVan Roonhuyse’s clinical treatise entitled Medico-Chirurgical Observations (1676) was reviewed in detail and is described in this article. His technique for vesico-vaginal fistula repair included six essential steps that are still recognizable today: (1) use of the lithotomy position; (2) exposure of the fistula with a speculum; (3) sharp paring of the fistula edge prior to attempted closure; (4) careful approximation of the denuded edges of the fistula; (5) dressing of the wound with absorbent vaginal packing; (6) immobilization of the patient in bed until the repair has healed.ConclusionsHenry Van Roonhuyse is the most credible candidate presently known for having successfully repaired a vesico-vaginal fistula in the pre-modern era.
Journal Article
The secret scalpel: plastic surgery for wartime disguise
Changing someone surgically for the purposes of disguise might seem the sort of practice confined to the Mafia and the minds of screenwriters. That, at least, is how it seemed to me until I began my research into physicians employed by Britain's Special Operations Executive (SOE).
Journal Article
Special operations: a hidden chapter in the histories of facial surgery and human enhancement
During the Second World War, Britain’s Special Operations Executive (SOE), a secret service established to encourage resistance and carry out sabotage, employed various techniques of enhancing the ability of its personnel to operate undetected in enemy territory. One of these methods was surgery. Drawing on recently declassified records, this article illuminates SOE’s reasons for commissioning this procedure, the needs and wants of those who received it, and the surgeons employed to carry it out. It also aims to underline the role of context in shaping perceptions of facial surgery, and the potential for surgery for wartime disguise to resonate with current debates about human enhancement.
Journal Article
Nature or Artifice? Grafting in Early Modern Surgery and Agronomy
In 1597, Gaspare Tagliacozzi published a famous two-volume book on “plastic surgery.” The reconstructive technique he described was based on grafting skin taken from the arm onto the mutilated parts of the patient’s damaged face – especially noses. This paper focuses on techniques of grafting, the “culture of grafting,” and the relationships between surgery and plant sciences in the sixteenth century. By describing the fascination with grafting in surgery, natural history, gardening, and agronomy the paper argues that grafting techniques were subject to delicate issues: to what extent it was morally acceptable to deceive the eye with artificial entities? and what was the status of the product of a surgical procedure that challenged the traditional natural/artificial distinction? Finally, this paper shows how in the seventeenth century grafting survived the crisis of Galenism by discussing the role it played in teratology and in controversies on the uses the new mechanistic anatomy.
Journal Article
Early hypospadias repair: the contributions of Harvey Cushing
Purpose
The early evolution of surgical reconstructive techniques has been well documented in the literature. However, a review of the Johns Hopkins hospital surgical files revealed an interesting participant in early hypospadias repair: Harvey Cushing (1869–1939).
Methods
Following IRB approval, we reviewed the surgical records from 1896 to 1912 and selected from among his non-neurosurgical patients, one case of first-stage hypospadias repair.
Results
Cushing operated upon the 21-year-old patient, performing a first-stage repair of hypospadias, in conjunction with a repair of a right inguinal hernia. The patient was discharged following a second stage operation. At that time, the patient was in good condition and was voiding appropriately. There was no further follow-up.
Conclusion
The repair of hypospadias evolved through the work of European surgeons, from the mid-eighth century through the early nineteenth century. The case we report here illustrates Cushing’s early work in the fields of urologic and plastic surgery.
Journal Article
Obituary: Dr. H. Srinivasan
For decades, he shared his knowledge and experience of leprosy reconstructive surgery with a number of plastic and orthopedic surgeons under World Health Organization-sponsored programs. According to people close to him, he described himself as a pure scientist and a skeptic agnostic.
Journal Article
Faces of war
There were few photographs to prove the groundbreaking work at Sidcup--no more than a dozen or so--but once my interest in collecting things became known I became the Honorary Consultant Archivist--a grand title for the custodian of a few modern press cuttings books and two hospital reports that covered the work at Queen Mary's Hospital from 1917 to 1929. Pte David Howard showing a double tube pedicleInability to close the mouth leads to continuous dribbling of saliva (bottom left).Courtesy of the archives, Royal College of Surgeons, London I thank Marilyn McInnes, Alex Kingman, the late Shelagh Davidson, Jeremy Stevenson, Diane Smith, and Pauline Pratt for information on Beldam, Spreckley, Davidson, Wallace, Ashworth, and Shirlaw (the case notes for all of these are now in the Royal College of Surgeons of England), and Gillian Martin, Rhind's daughter.
Journal Article