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"Records Management Encyclopedias."
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Encyclopedia of archival science
\"Here is the first-ever comprehensive guide to archival concepts, principles and practices. Encyclopedia of Archival Science features 154 entries that address every aspect of archival professional knowledge. Entries range from traditional ideas (like appraisal and provenance) to today's challenges (digitization and digital preservation). They present the thoughts of leading luminaries like Ernst Posner, Margaret Cross-Norton, and Philip Brooks, as well as those of contemporary authors and rising scholars. Historical and ethical components of practice are infused throughout the work\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Encyclopedia of archival science
Here is the first-ever comprehensive guide to archival principles and practices. Encyclopedia of Archival Science features 130 entries which cover every aspect of the profession. These entries range from the traditional basics (like appraisal and provenance) to today's necessities (digitization and digital curation).
eBook
An attention-based deep learning model for clinical named entity recognition of Chinese electronic medical records
Background
Clinical named entity recognition (CNER) is important for medical information mining and establishment of high-quality knowledge map. Due to the different text features from natural language and a large number of professional and uncommon clinical terms in Chinese electronic medical records (EMRs), there are still many difficulties in clinical named entity recognition of Chinese EMRs. It is of great importance to eliminate semantic interference and improve the ability of autonomous learning of internal features of the model under the small training corpus.
Methods
From the perspective of deep learning, we integrated the attention mechanism into neural network, and proposed an improved clinical named entity recognition method for Chinese electronic medical records called BiLSTM-Att-CRF, which could capture more useful information of the context and avoid the problem of missing information caused by long-distance factors. In addition, medical dictionaries and part-of-speech (POS) features were also introduced to improve the performance of the model.
Results
Based on China Conference on Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing (CCKS) 2017 and 2018 Chinese EMRs corpus, our BiLSTM-Att-CRF model finally achieved better performance than other widely-used models without additional features(F1-measure of 85.4% in CCKS 2018, F1-measure of 90.29% in CCKS 2017), and achieved the best performance with POS and dictionary features (F1-measure of 86.11% in CCKS 2018, F1-measure of 90.48% in CCKS 2017). In particular, the BiLSTM-Att-CRF model had significant effect on the improvement of Recall.
Conclusions
Our work preliminarily confirmed the validity of attention mechanism in discovering key information and mining text features, which might provide useful ideas for future research in clinical named entity recognition of Chinese electronic medical records. In the future, we will explore the deeper application of attention mechanism in neural network.
Journal Article
BarleyExpDB: an integrative gene expression database for barley
Background
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has been widely used to study the dynamic expression patterns of transcribed genes, which can lead to new biological insights. However, processing and analyzing these huge amounts of histological data remains a great challenge for wet labs and field researchers who lack bioinformatics experience and computational resources.
Results
We present BarleyExpDB, an easy-to-operate, free, and web-accessible database that integrates transcriptional profiles of barley at different growth and developmental stages, tissues, and stress conditions, as well as differential expression of mutants and populations to build a platform for barley expression and visualization. The expression of a gene of interest can be easily queried by searching by known gene ID or sequence similarity. Expression data can be displayed as a heat map, along with functional descriptions as well as Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Proteins Families Database, and Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool annotations.
Conclusions
BarleyExpDB will serve as a valuable resource for the barley research community to leverage the vast publicly available RNA-seq datasets for functional genomics research and crop molecular breeding.
Journal Article
Encyclopedia of archival science / edited by Luciana Duranti, Patricia C. Franks
\"Here is the first-ever comprehensive guide to archival concepts, principles and practices. Encyclopedia of Archival Science features 154 entries that address every aspect of archival professional knowledge. Entries range from traditional ideas (like appraisal and provenance) to today's challenges (digitization and digital preservation). They present the thoughts of leading luminaries like Ernst Posner, Margaret Cross-Norton, and Philip Brooks, as well as those of contemporary authors and rising scholars. Historical and ethical components of practice are infused throughout the work\"--Provided by publisher.
eBook
Development and application of Chinese medical ontology for diabetes mellitus
Objective
To develop a Chinese Diabetes Mellitus Ontology (CDMO) and explore methods for constructing high-quality Chinese biomedical ontologies.
Materials and methods
We used various data sources, including Chinese clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus, literature, and hospital information system database schema, to build the CDMO. We combined top-down and bottom-up strategies and integrated text mining and cross-lingual ontology mapping. The ontology was validated by clinical experts and ontology development tools, and its application was validated through clinical decision support and Chinese natural language medical question answering.
Results
The current CDMO consists of 3,752 classes, 182 fine-grained object properties with hierarchical relationships, 108 annotation properties, and over 12,000 mappings to other well-known medical ontologies in English. Based on the CDMO and clinical practice guidelines, we developed 200 rules for diabetes diagnosis, treatment, diet, and medication recommendations using the Semantic Web Rule Language. By injecting ontology knowledge, CDMO enhances the performance of the T5 model on a real-world Chinese medical question answering dataset related to diabetes.
Conclusion
CDMO has fine-grained semantic relationships and extensive annotation information, providing a foundation for medical artificial intelligence applications in Chinese contexts, including the construction of medical knowledge graphs, clinical decision support systems, and automated medical question answering. Furthermore, the development process incorporated natural language processing and cross-lingual ontology mapping to improve the quality of the ontology and improved development efficiency. This workflow offers a methodological reference for the efficient development of other high-quality Chinese as well as non-English medical ontologies.
Journal Article
Recommendations for connecting molecular sequence and biodiversity research infrastructures through ELIXIR version 2; peer review: 2 approved
Threats to global biodiversity are increasingly recognised by scientists and the public as a critical challenge. Molecular sequencing technologies offer means to catalogue, explore, and monitor the richness and biogeography of life on Earth. However, exploiting their full potential requires tools that connect biodiversity infrastructures and resources. As a research infrastructure developing services and technical solutions that help integrate and coordinate life science resources across Europe, ELIXIR is a key player. To identify opportunities, highlight priorities, and aid strategic thinking, here we survey approaches by which molecular technologies help inform understanding of biodiversity. We detail example use cases to highlight how DNA sequencing is: resolving taxonomic issues; Increasing knowledge of marine biodiversity; helping understand how agriculture and biodiversity are critically linked; and playing an essential role in ecological studies. Together with examples of national biodiversity programmes, the use cases show where progress is being made but also highlight common challenges and opportunities for future enhancement of underlying technologies and services that connect molecular and wider biodiversity domains. Based on emerging themes, we propose key recommendations to guide future funding for biodiversity research: biodiversity and bioinformatic infrastructures need to collaborate closely and strategically; taxonomic efforts need to be aligned and harmonised across domains; metadata needs to be standardised and common data management approaches widely adopted; current approaches need to be scaled up dramatically to address the anticipated explosion of molecular data; bioinformatics support for biodiversity research needs to be enabled and sustained; training for end users of biodiversity research infrastructures needs to be prioritised; and community initiatives need to be proactive and focused on enabling solutions. For sequencing data to deliver their full potential they must be connected to knowledge: together, molecular sequence data collection initiatives and biodiversity research infrastructures can advance global efforts to prevent further decline of Earth's biodiversity.
Journal Article
Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Management and Pay-for-Performance in the UK: The Wandsworth Prospective Diabetes Study
Pay-for-performance rewards health-care providers by paying them more if they succeed in meeting performance targets. A new contract for general practitioners in the United Kingdom represents the most radical shift towards pay-for-performance seen in any health-care system. The contract provides an important opportunity to address disparities in chronic disease management between ethnic and socioeconomic groups. We examined disparities in management of people with diabetes and intermediate clinical outcomes within a multiethnic population in primary care before and after the introduction of the new contract in April 2004.
We conducted a population-based longitudinal survey, using electronic general practice records, in an ethnically diverse part of southwest London. Outcome measures were prescribing levels and achievement of national treatment targets (HbA1c < or = 7.0%; blood pressure [BP] < 140/80 mm Hg; total cholesterol < or = 5 mmol/l or 193 mg/dl). The proportion of patients reaching treatment targets for HbA1c, BP, and total cholesterol increased significantly after the implementation of the new contract. The extents of these increases were broadly uniform across ethnic groups, with the exception of the black Caribbean patient group, which had a significantly lower improvement in HbA1c (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.97) and BP control (AOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.81) relative to the white British patient group. Variations in prescribing and achievement of treatment targets between ethnic groups present in 2003 were not attenuated in 2005.
Pay-for-performance incentives have not addressed disparities in the management and control of diabetes between ethnic groups. Quality improvement initiatives must place greater emphasis on minority communities to avoid continued disparities in mortality from cardiovascular disease and the other major complications of diabetes.
Journal Article
Modern Single Page Application Architecture: A Case Study
This paper presents the latest technologies and methodologies available today with a view to creating a high performance, unique and user-experience centric platform. The Client application is a Single Page Application (SPA) and is the most complex component due to its extremely modular architecture. This is not a simple webpage but a stand-alone application, divided into components according to their role. The modular and complex component-based architecture proposed at all levels of the application, ranging from the client all the way up to the storage level, underlies the INTELLIT platform. The INTELLIT platform aims to provide an easy access to information about the life and work of Romanian authors, the most important moments in our culture, the complete calendar of events from 1994 to 2000, the canonical work of different national authors. The new approach also addresses the identification of new ways to modulate and structure such a platform, both on the client side and on the server side, so that individual testing of the various components and any subsequent changes can be achieved as easily as possible. The main reasons these technologies and models were chosen are performance, low code duplication, modularity and reuse of components.
Journal Article
Debating reliable sources: writing the history of the Vietnam War on Wikipedia
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to use selected discussions appearing on the talk pages of the Wikipedia entry on the Vietnam War to shed light on how the wider epistemological context of this online encyclopaedia affects the nature of debate about sources and subsequently how this knowledge could be used to improve information literacy instruction.
Design/methodology/approach
– My broad approach to the study of the Wikipedia talk pages on the Vietnam War is qualitative in nature and explores the debate over sources through a textual analysis.
Findings
– Although much of the debate over sources is conducted without acrimony, the level of analysis one finds in the talk pages is rather shallow while the attention of individual contributors is not overly concentrated.
Originality/value
– There have been few studies of individual Wikipedia entries and their talk pages, rather the focus of most of the literature has been on a broad overview of the entire encyclopaedia or a concentration on a set of entries for a particular topic area.
Journal Article