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Bringing back the giant panda
The survival of the giant panda depends on the survival of its only food: bamboo. Habitat loss from the destruction of bamboo forests in south central China where they live made the giant panda a vulnerable species. This book tells how habitat conservation and the creation of borrowing-and-breeding programs with zoos around the world kept the beloved bear from extinction.
Book
A record thermoelectric efficiency in tellurium-free modules for low-grade waste heat recovery
Low-grade heat accounts for >50% of the total dissipated heat sources in industries. An efficient recovery of low-grade heat into useful electricity not only reduces the consumption of fossil-fuels but also releases the subsequential environmental-crisis. Thermoelectricity offers an ideal solution, yet low-temperature efficient materials have continuously been limited to Bi
2
Te
3
-alloys since the discovery in 1950s. Scarcity of tellurium and the strong property anisotropy cause high-cost in both raw-materials and synthesis/processing. Here we demonstrate cheap polycrystalline antimonides for even more efficient thermoelectric waste-heat recovery within 600 K than conventional tellurides. This is enabled by a design of Ni/Fe/Mg
3
SbBi and Ni/Sb/CdSb contacts for both a prevention of chemical diffusion and a low interfacial resistivity, realizing a record and stable module efficiency at a temperature difference of 270 K. In addition, the raw-material cost to the output power ratio in this work is reduced to be only 1/15 of that of conventional Bi
2
Te
3
-modules.
Thermoelectric materials for low-grade heat recovery applications are limited to Bi
2
Te
3
-based alloys containing expensive Te for decades. Here, the authors demonstrate on a module level, cheap antimonides could enable an efficiency not inferior to that of expensive tellurides.
Journal Article
Sustainable energy recovery from thermal processes: a review
Background
With the increasing concerns on the energy shortage and carbon emission issues worldwide, sustainable energy recovery from thermal processes is consistently attracting extensive attention. Nowadays, a significant amount of usable thermal energy is wasted and not recovered worldwide every year. Meanwhile, discharging the wasted thermal energy often causes environmental hazards. Significant social and ecological impacts will be achieved if waste thermal energy can be effectively harnessed and reused. Hence, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review on the sustainable energy recovery from thermal processes, contributing to achieving energy security, environmental sustainability, and a low-carbon future.
Main text
To better understand the development of waste thermal energy utilization, this paper reviews the sustainable thermal energy sources and current waste energy recovery technologies, considering both waste heat and cold energy. The main waste heat sources are prime movers, renewable heat energy, and various industrial activities. Different waste heat recovery technologies to produce electricity, heating, and cooling are analyzed based on the types and temperatures of the waste heat sources. The typical purposes for waste heat energy utilization are power generation, spacing cooling, domestic heating, dehumidification, and heat storage. In addition, the performance of different waste heat recovery systems in multigeneration systems is introduced. The cold energy from the liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process is one of the main waste cold sources. The popular LNG cold energy recovery strategies are power generation, combined cooling and power, air separation, cryogenic CO
2
capture, and cold warehouse. Furthermore, the existing challenges on the waste thermal energy utilization technologies are analyzed. Finally, potential prospects are discussed to provide greater insights for future works on waste thermal energy utilization.
Conclusions
Novel heat utilization materials and advanced heat recovery cycles are the key factors for the development of waste high-temperature energy utilization. Integrated systems with multiply products show significant application potential in waste thermal energy recovery. In addition, thermal energy storage and transportation are essential for the utilization of harnessed waste heat energy. In contrast, the low recovery rate, low utilization efficiency, and inadequate assessment are the main obstacles for the waste cold energy recovery systems.
Highlights
Industrial waste heat supply technologies and their exhaust features are reviewed.
Waste thermal heat recovery technologies are summarized and reviewed.
Thermal cold energy recovery technologies are summarized and reviewed.
Challenges and prospects of sustainable energy recovery are analyzed.
Journal Article
Back from the brink
\"Delves into the threats to seven species and the scientific and political efforts to coax them back from the brink of extinction\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Energy and Exergy Evaluation of the Integrated Waste Energy Recovery System (IWERS) and the Solar‐Powered Integrated Waste Energy Recovery System (SPIWERS) in Various Climates
The integrated waste energy recovery system (IWERS) is a thermal system that recovers waste heat from steam generated in bakery ovens to produce hot water. This reduces energy and water consumption in shopping centers. This article analyzes the technical improvement of incorporating renewable solar thermal energy into the system. It introduces the new solar‐powered IWERS (SPIWERS) for the first time. The exergetic efficiency of IWERS and SPIWERS was measured over 1 year in real supermarkets located in different climatic zones to determine their performance variables. This paper presents precise data for future improvements in the energy efficiency of waste heat recovery systems, making it an innovative contribution to the field. The exergetic efficiency of IWERS was found to be lower in subtropical climates, but no significant variation was observed in other climates studied. Additionally, the exergetic efficiency of IWERS components decreases with ambient temperature, particularly in warm months. Regarding SPIWERS, the highest exergetic efficiency values were obtained in oceanic climates. IWERS employs electric boilers, whereas SPIWERS system utilizes solar collectors. Although IWERS exhibited superior overall exergy efficiency, particularly in cold climates, SPIWERS distinguished itself with a reduced environmental impact, wholly supplanting electric power with solar thermal energy and a swift economic return on investment within a period of less than 4 years, a duration that is half that of IWERS. A detailed examination of the individual components of each system will facilitate the identification of potential avenues for enhancement, ensuring the system’s capacity for adaptation to specific climatic conditions and seasonal variations. Thus, the exergy efficiency of the DWH tank in IWERS remains constant across all climatic zones and throughout the year. This exergy efficiency is approximately 65%. In contrast, a notable variation is observed in the case of SPIWERS, which is more pronounced in more favorable weather conditions. On the other hand, the exergy efficiency of electric water boilers is greater in colder climates and times of the year, with a range of 30%–40%. Additionally, the exergy efficiency of the solar collector is greater in months and areas with cool ambient temperatures, optimal solar radiation, and moderate fluid temperatures within the collector, with a range of 5%–11%.
Journal Article
The effectiveness of peer support for individuals with mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundThe benefits of peer support interventions (PSIs) for individuals with mental illness are not well known. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of PSIs for individuals with mental illness for clinical, personal, and functional recovery outcomes.MethodsSearches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO (December 18, 2020). Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing peer-delivered PSIs to control conditions. The quality of records was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Data were pooled for each outcome, using random-effects models.ResultsAfter screening 3455 records, 30 RCTs were included in the systematic review and 28 were meta-analyzed (4152 individuals). Compared to control conditions, peer support was associated with small but significant post-test effect sizes for clinical recovery, g = 0.19, 95% CI (0.11–0.27), I2 = 10%, 95% CI (0–44), and personal recovery, g = 0.15, 95% CI (0.04–0.27), I2 = 43%, 95% CI (1–67), but not for functional recovery, g = 0.08, 95% CI (−0.02 to 0.18), I2 = 36%, 95% CI (0–61). Our findings should be considered with caution due to the modest quality of the included studies.ConclusionsPSIs may be effective for the clinical and personal recovery of mental illness. Effects are modest, though consistent, suggesting potential efficacy for PSI across a wide range of mental disorders and intervention types.
Journal Article
Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
Background
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) has been widely applied in liver surgery since the publication of the first ERAS guidelines in 2016. The aim of the present article was to update the ERAS guidelines in liver surgery using a modified Delphi method based on a systematic review of the literature.
Methods
A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A modified Delphi method including 15 international experts was used. Consensus was judged to be reached when >80% of the experts agreed on the recommended items. Recommendations were based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations system.
Results
A total of 7541 manuscripts were screened, and 240 articles were finally included. Twenty-five recommendation items were elaborated. All of them obtained consensus (>80% agreement) after 3 Delphi rounds. Nine items (36%) had a high level of evidence and 16 (64%) a strong recommendation grade. Compared to the first ERAS guidelines published, 3 novel items were introduced: prehabilitation in high-risk patients, preoperative biliary drainage in cholestatic liver, and preoperative smoking and alcohol cessation at least 4 weeks before hepatectomy.
Conclusions
These guidelines based on the best available evidence allow standardization of the perioperative management of patients undergoing liver surgery. Specific studies on hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients following an ERAS program are still needed.
Journal Article