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Circus Maximus
The numbers are staggering: China spent $40 billion to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing and Russia spent $50 billion for the 2014 Sochi Winter Games. Brazil's total expenditures are thought to have been as much as $20 billion for the World Cup this summer and Qatar, which will be the site of the 2022 World Cup, is estimating that it will spend $200 billion.
How did we get here? And is it worth it? Those are among the questions noted sports economist Andrew Zimbalist answers inCircus Maximus: The Economic Gamble Behind Hosting the Olympics and the World Cup. Both the Olympics and the World Cup are touted as major economic boons for the countries that host them, and the competition is fierce to win hosting rights. Developing countries especially see the events as a chance to stand in the world's spotlight.
Circus Maximustraces the path of the Olympic Games and the World Cup from noble sporting events to exhibits of excess. It exposes the hollowness of the claims made by their private industry boosters and government supporters, all illustrated through a series of case studies ripping open the experiences of Barcelona, Sochi, Rio, and London. Zimbalist finds no net economic gains for the countries that have played host to the Olympics or the World Cup. While the wealthy may profit, those in the middle and lower income brackets do not, and Zimbalist predicts more outbursts of political anger like that seen in Brazil surrounding the 2014 World Cup.
eBook
English National Identity and Football Fan Culture
In recent years, scholars have understood the increasing use of the St George's Cross by football fans to be evidence of a rise in a specifically 'English' identity. This has emerged as part of a wider 'national' response to broader political processes such as devolution and European integration which have fragmented identities within the UK. Using the controversial figurational sociological approach advocated by the twentieth-century theorist Norbert Elias, this book challenges such a view, drawing on ethnographic research amongst fans to explore the precise nature of the relationship between contemporary English national identity and football fan culture. Examining football fans' expressions of Englishness in public houses and online spaces, the author discusses the effects of globalization, European integration and UK devolution on English society, revealing that the use of the St George's Cross does not signal the emergence of a specifically 'English' national consciousness, but in fact masks a more complex, multi-layered process of national identity construction. A detailed and grounded study of identity, nationalism and globalization amongst football fans, English National Identity and Football Fan Culture will appeal to scholars and students of politics, sociology and anthropology with interests in ethnography, the sociology of sport, fan cultures, globalization and contemporary national identities.
eBook
Heading Out
Who are the real campers? Through-hiking backpackers traversing
the Appalachian Trail? The family in an SUV making a tour of
national parks and sleeping in tents at campgrounds? People
committed to the RV lifestyle who move their homes from state to
state as season and whim dictate? Terence Young would say: all of
the above. Camping is one of the country's most popular
pastimes-tens of millions of Americans go camping every year.
Whether on foot, on horseback, or in RVs, campers have been
enjoying themselves for well more than a century, during which time
camping's appeal has shifted and evolved. In Heading Out ,
Young takes readers into nature and explores with them the history
of camping in the United States.Young shows how camping progressed
from an impulse among city-dwellers to seek temporary retreat from
their exhausting everyday surroundings to a form of recreation so
popular that an industry grew up around it to provide an endless
supply of ever-lighter and more convenient gear. Young humanizes
camping's history by spotlighting key figures in its development
and a sampling of the campers and the variety of their excursions.
Readers will meet William H. H. Murray, who launched a craze for
camping in 1869; Mary Bedell, who car camped around America for
12,000 miles in 1922; William Trent Jr., who struggled to end
racial segregation in national park campgrounds before World War
II; and Carolyn Patterson, who worked with the U.S. Department of
State in the 1960s and 1970s to introduce foreign service personnel
to the \"real\" America through trailer camping. These and many
additional characters give readers a reason to don a headlamp, pull
up a chair beside the campfire, and discover the invigorating and
refreshing history of sleeping under the stars.
eBook
Strategic sports event management
\"The hosting of sports events whether large international events, or smaller niche events can have a significant and long lasting impact on the local environment, economy and society. Strategic Sports Event Management provides students and event managers with an insight into the strategic management of sports events of all scales and types, from international mega-events to school sports. Combining a unique conceptual framework with a practical, step by step guide to planning, organising, managing and evaluating events, the book explains the importance of adopting a strategic approach, showing how to implement strategies that lead to successful outcomes over the short and long-term. This fully revised and updated third edition uses international case studies in every chapter, from the NBA and NFL to Formula One and the English Premier League, offering real-world insight into both larger and smaller events. In addition, woven throughout the book are a series of in-depth studies of the London Olympic Games, the ultimate sporting event and an important point of reference for all practising and aspiring event managers.The book covers every key aspect of the sports event management process, includingsports organizations, such as the IOC, FIFA and IAAF, and their interactions with event partners, the media and promotersshort-term and long term benefits of the planning processevent impact and legacy operational functions including finance, ticketing, transport, venues, IT, human resources, and securitymarketing and communications, including social networking and new mediathe bidding process research and evaluation.Strategic Sports Event Management is the leading sports event management textbook and is now accompanied by a companion website containing a range of additional teaching and learning features. The book is important reading for all students of sport management or event management, and all practising event managers looking to develop their professional skills\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The amenity migrants: seeking and sustaining mountains and their cultures
Places with perceived high environmental quality and distinctive culture are globally attracting amenity migrants. Today this societal driving force is particularly manifest in mountain areas, and while beneficial for both the new comers and locals, is also threatening highland ecologies and their human communities. This book describes and analyses the challenges and opportunities of amenity migration and its management, and offers related recommendations.The book's chapters cover the subject through case studies at international, regional and local levels, along with overarching themes such as environmental sustainability and equity, mountain recreation users, housing, and spiritual motivation. A crucial issue addressed is the relationship of amenity migration to tourism, and migration motivated by economic gain. The introduction and concluding chapters bring all of the information and analyses together strategically, summarising in a manner of theoretical and practical value for both academics and practitioners.
eBook
Climbing : from first-timer to gym climber
The first in a progression series aimed at beginner climbers, Climbing: From First-Timer to Gym Climber walks you through your first time trying to rock climb and offers basic instruction on the fundamental skills needed to get off the ground and onto the wall.
Book
Changes in recreational behaviors of outdoor enthusiasts during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis across urban and rural communities
The COVID-19 pandemic presents not only a global health crisis but has also disrupted the daily lives of people around the world. From a leisure perspective, urban outdoor enthusiasts are one group particularly impacted by the pandemic and the subsequent institutional response. Stay-at-home orders and physical distancing recommendations serve as potential inhibitors to outdoor recreation activities central to the lifestyles and wellbeing of outdoor enthusiasts. In urban areas, where these orders and recommendations are most restrictive, the potential impacts on recreation behavior are most consequential. This study provides an empirical analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the recreational behaviors of outdoor enthusiasts across urban and rural communities. Results suggest that the frequency of outdoor recreation participation, distance travelled to participate in outdoor recreation and distance travelled beyond roads during outdoor recreation have declined significantly more among outdoor enthusiasts residing in urban areas than urban clusters or rural areas.
Journal Article