Explore the vast range of titles available.

Abstract Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) demonstrates progressive, potentially fatal, and infiltrative cardiomyopathy caused by extracellular deposition of transthyretin-derived insoluble amyloid fibrils in the myocardium. Two distinct types of transthyretin (wild type or variant) become unstable, and misfolding forms aggregate, resulting in amyloid fibrils. ATTR-CA, which has previously been underrecognized and considered to be rare, has been increasingly recognized as a cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction among elderly persons. With the advanced technology, the diagnostic tools have been improving for cardiac amyloidosis. Recently, the efficacy of several disease-modifying agents focusing on the amyloidogenic process has been demonstrated. ATTR-CA has been changing from incurable to treatable. Nevertheless, there are still no prognostic improvements due to diagnostic delay or misdiagnosis because of phenotypic heterogeneity and co-morbidities. Thus, it is crucial for clinicians to be aware of this clinical entity for early diagnosis and proper treatment. In this mini-review, we focus on recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of ATTR-CA.

To evaluate potential head injuries across three consecutive FIFA Beach Soccer World Cups held between 2019 and 2024. All match footage from the 2019, 2021, and 2024 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cups (men only tournaments) were evaluated focusing on occurrence of a potential head injury, player actions (including overhead kick), and visible signs of a possible concussion. A total of 309 potential head injuries were identified across 96 matches (3.2/match), with an incidence of 527.8 potential head injuries per 1000 match-hours. In total, 17.5 % (n = 54) of potential head injuries were associated with overhead kicks, 17.9 % (n = 55) demonstrated a visible sign of a possible concussion (involving 51 different players), and 25.3 % (n = 78) occurred during aerial duels. Ball-related head impacts accounted for 15.5 % of all potential head injuries, rising to 46.3 % in overhead kick-related potential head injuries and 34.6 % among potential head injuries with visible signs of a possible concussion. Eighty-nine potential head injuries (28.9 %) were evaluated by medical staff, 27 (49.1 %) of the 55 players with visible signs of a possible concussion were not medically evaluated. The findings demonstrated that the incidence of potential head injuries in beach soccer is 3.2 per-match, which is 7.6× higher than the data previously reported in men's association football. Player-to-player impact, unintentional ball impacts and overhead kicks contributed significantly to this elevated incidence. The observation that 17.9 % of potential head injuries exhibited visible signs of possible concussion highlights the need for future studies that incorporate clinical evaluations to improve understanding of these potential head injuries.

The purpose of this study was to validate the utility of the Systematic Observation of Red Flags (SORF) for autism screening during 10-minute parent-child interactions at ages 15-24 months. A total of 54 children participated in this study, including 19 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 23 with developmental delay, and 12 typically developing children. Coders coded 10-minute videos of parent-child interactions based on the defined scoring criteria. The discriminative ability for outcome diagnosis was evaluated for total score, social communication score, restricted repetitive behavior score, number of red flags, and composite score. SORF scores demonstrated good discriminative ability between ASD and non-ASD children, with the composite score (AUC = 0.884) showing the best discriminative ability for outcome diagnosis and predicting likelihood of ASD in young children. The composite score represented a simplified measurement, with the cutoff score of 7 and sensitivity and specificity of 0.789 and 0.800, respectively.

This study aims to assess to what extent it is possible to detect characteristics commonly employed in the financial crime known as a Ponzi scheme in play-to-earn crypto games. A literature review was conducted to identify red flags present in traditional schemes and cryptocurrencies. These red flags were validated by digital forensic experts as a possible criminal checklist. The checklist was tested against a sample of crypto games. Some red flags proved to be more relevant than others. The findings suggest that game mechanics, token value, and withdrawal difficulty are the most important aspects in assessing the risks of Ponzi schemes in crypto games. On the other hand, webpages, tokenomics, and utility of the token and NFT are less relevant for risk assessment. This study is groundbreaking in its specific focus on identifying red flags in Ponzi schemes within the play-to-earn gaming market, a recent and underexplored area, thus filling a gap in previous research on cryptocurrencies. In this exploratory study, the literature review was limited by the lack of research regarding Ponzi schemes in crypto games. The identification of red flags associated with schemes in crypto games can provide insights for investors and users, aiding the prevention of participation in fraudulent schemes, thereby contributing to the reduction of these acts stemming from large-scale globalization. Os jogos play-to-earn em blockchain representam um nicho em expansão, que une entretenimento e investimento financeiro, mas que também suscita preocupações quanto a fraudes. Este estudo visa avaliar em que medida é possível sinais de alerta que se assemelham às características comumente associadas aos esquemas Ponzi em jogos de criptomoedas no modelo play-to-earn, por meio da proposição e da testagem empírica de um checklist inédito. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura para identificar sinais de alerta presentes em esquemas tradicionais e em criptomoedas. Esses sinais de alerta foram validados por especialistas em forense digital como uma possível lista de verificação criminal. O checklist proposto foi testado empiricamente em uma amostra de seis jogos play-to-earn (ativos e descontinuados), selecionados com base em sua atividade de usuários e na disponibilidade de dados históricos.  Os resultados sugerem que a mecânica do jogo, o valor do token e a dificuldade de saque são os aspectos mais importantes na avaliação dos riscos de esquemas Ponzi em jogos de criptomoedas. Por outro lado, páginas da web, tokenomics e a utilidade dos tokens e NFTs são menos relevantes para a avaliação de risco. Este estudo é pioneiro em seu foco específico na identificação de sinais de alerta em esquemas Ponzi no mercado de jogos play-to-earn, uma área recente e pouco explorada, preenchendo assim uma lacuna nas pesquisas anteriores sobre criptomoedas. Neste estudo exploratório, a revisão de literatura foi limitada pela escassez de pesquisas sobre esquemas Ponzi em jogos de criptomoedas. A identificação de red flags associados a esquemas em jogos de criptomoedas pode oferecer insights para investidores e usuários, ajudando a evitar a participação em esquemas fraudulentos e contribuindo para a redução desses atos provenientes da globalização em larga escala.

Background Late and misdiagnoses of rare disease patients are common and often result in medical, physical and mental burden for the patient, and financial and emotional burden for the patient’s family. Low rare disease awareness among physicians is believed to be one of the reasons for these late and misdiagnoses of rare disease patients. The aim of this study was to investigate how information and education could be tailored to the needs and preferences of physicians in Belgium to increase their rare disease awareness and support them in diagnosing patients with a rare disorder. Nine exploratory interviews with Belgian rare disease experts were performed in December 2016 to help the development of a questionnaire on information needs of physicians and their consulted information sources in rare disease awareness and diagnosis. This online questionnaire was then completed by Belgian physicians ( n  = 295), including general practitioners (GPs), pediatricians and other specialists (i.e. neurologists, pediatric neurologists, endocrinologists and pediatric endocrinologists) during January and February 2017. Results Rare disease knowledge and awareness were the lowest among GPs and the highest among specialists. Interviewed experts indicated that physicians’ academic and continuous medical education should be focused more on “red flags” to increase rare disease attentiveness in daily clinical practice. GPs scored their academic education on rare diseases as insufficient but pediatricians and other specialists scored it significantly better ( p  < 0.001). Even though GPs declared to only need information on rare diseases when having a rare disease patient in their practice, specialists indicated to need more rare disease information in general. Most physicians confirmed that they had specific information needs regarding rare diseases. Unlike specialists, the majority of GPs were unaware of information sources such as Orphanet. Conclusion In order to effectively support physicians in Belgium to diagnose rare diseases early, the academic medical education on rare diseases should be revised. Teaching methods should be focused more on casuistry and “red flags”. An Orphanet-like digital platform about rare disease symptoms, diagnostic tests and reference centers might be ideal to support correct and timely diagnosis.

Background and Purpose Patients presenting at the emergency room (ER) with headache often encounter a hostile atmosphere and experience delays in diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to design a protocol for the ER with the goal of optimizing the care of patients with urgent headache to facilitate diagnosis and expedite treatment. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted via a MEDLINE search in October 2021. The “Code Headache” protocol was then developed considering the available characteristics and resources of the ER at a tertiary care center within the Spanish National Public Health system. Results The Code Headache protocol comprises three assessments: two scales and one checklist. The assessments identify known red flags and stratify patients based on suspected primary/secondary headaches and the need for pain treatment. Initial assessments, performed by the triage nurse, aim to first exclude potentially high morbidity and mortality etiologies (HEAD1 scale) and then expedite appropriate pain management (HEAD2 scale) based on scoring criteria. HEAD1 evaluates vital signs and symptoms of secondary serious headache disorders that can most benefit from earlier identification and treatment, while HEAD2 assesses symptoms indicative of status migrainosus, pain intensity, and vital signs. Subsequently, ER physicians employ a third assessment that reviews red flags for secondary headaches (grouped under the acronym ‘PEACE’) to guide the selection of complementary tests and aid diagnosis. Conclusions The Code Headache protocol is a much needed tool to facilitate quick clinical assessment and improve patient care in the ER. Further validation through comparison with standard clinical practice is warranted.

This paper contributes to the analysis of quantitative indicators (i.e., red flags or screens ) to detect corruption in public procurement. It presents an approach to evaluate corruption risk in public tenders through standardized ML tools applied to detailed data on the content of calls for tenders. The method is applied to roadwork contracts in Italy and three main contributions are reported. First, the study expands the set of commonly discussed indicators in the literature to new ones derived from operative practices of police forces and the judiciary. Second, using novel and unique data on firm-level corruption risk, this study validates the effectiveness of the indicators. Third, it quantifies the increased corruption-prediction ability when indicators that are known to be unavailable to the corruption-monitoring authority are included in the prediction exercise. Regarding the specific red flags, we find a systematic association between high corruption risk and the use of multi-parameter awarding criteria. Furthermore, predictability of the red flag makes them ineffective as prediction tools: the most obvious and scrutinized red flags are either uncorrelated with corruption or, even, negatively associated with it, as it is the case for invoking special procedures due to “urgency,” or the extent of publicity of the call for tender.

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to examine how Auditor Experience (AE), Workload (WL), Red Flags (RF), and Personality Type (PT) affect an auditor’s ability to detect fraud, with Professional Scepticism (PS) serving as a moderating factor. This research is grounded in agency theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Methodology: This paper employed quantitative primary data derived from questionnaires distributed. The population for the paper are auditors in the Public Accounting Office in Kurdistan region. A purposive sampling method was used, and there was a total of 173 respondents. Findings: The investigation’s findings indicate that Auditor Experience (AE) has a significantly positive effect on an auditor’s ability to detect fraud, whereas Workload (WL) has a significant negative effect on fraud detection capability. In addition, the influence of Red Flags (RF) and Personality Type (PT) does not affect an auditor’s ability to detect fraud. Professional Scepticism (PS) can influence how auditor experience affects an auditor’s ability to detect fraud, and workload also impacts an auditor’s fraud detection capabilities. Originality: This study examines factors influencing auditors’ fraud detection in Kurdistan’s public accounting sector, with professional scepticism as a moderator. Keywords: Auditor Experience; Workload; Personality; Red Flags; Professional Scepticism; Fraud Detection; Kurdistan Citation: Al-Sendy, A. M. A., Jameel, S. Z. M. and Hamoudi, K. M. T (2024): The Effect of Auditors’ Experience, Workload, Red Flags, and Personality Type on their Ability to Detect Fraud: Empirical Study at a Public Accounting Office In Kurdistan Region. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 20, Nos 3-4, pp. 283-298.

Hoarseness accounts for 1% of all consultations in primary care. Suspicion of malignancy should be considered in individuals with risk factors presenting with unexplained hoarseness lasting more than two weeks. A significant number of patients with laryngeal cancer present at an advanced stage due to lack of awareness regarding vocal health. It is important to educate both the public and primary care health providers concerning laryngeal cancer. We present the case of an 81-year old male smoker who presented to us with a six-month history of progressive hoarseness. He was initially treated in two primary and one secondary care centres, where a diagnosis of laryngeal cancer was not considered. Careful assessment in our centre managed to determine a diagnosis of T3N0M0 glottic carcinoma. We will discuss this alarming triad of progressive hoarseness in a male smoker to help primary care physicians streamline their thoughts and identify red flags in a hoarse patient.

Diagnosing maladaptive pain in dogs with behavioral complaints is challenging, as clinical signs are often non-specific and may be absent during examination. This paper supports veterinary teams in distinguishing behavioral changes that stem from a behavioral disorder, maladaptive pain, or both. The medical records of ten client-owned dogs referred to the authors' behavioral practice were selected to identify challenges in recognizing maladaptive pain and to highlight diagnostic tools. A Toolbox approach was used for assessment, integrating caregiver questionnaires, medical history, home video analysis, clinical observation, and a timeline. Behavioral signs were categorized as green (adaptive) or red (maladaptive) flags to facilitate differential diagnosis and guide treatment decisions. All dogs (  = 10) were diagnosed with altered socioemotional functioning. In 7/10 cases, the Toolbox approach indicated maladaptive pain, confirmed by medical imaging in 3/7 cases. Multimodal treatment led to recovery in 6/7 dogs. In 3/10 dogs with behavioral histories, an acute worsening of signs suggested maladaptive pain, confirmed by imaging in all cases. Treatment led to partial recovery in 2/3 dogs, while one was euthanized due to neoplasia. Diagnostic challenges fell into three categories: bias in observation, clinical examination, and interpretation of behavioral signs. Diagnosing maladaptive pain in dogs with behavioral problems requires a comprehensive approach. Recognizing red flags, using targeted diagnostic tools, and implementing multimodal treatment strategies can improve quality of life, reduce suffering, and enhance case management.