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En application de l'accord de Paris sur le climat et de ses engagements internationaux, la France a inscrit en 2019 dans la loi I'objectif d'atteindre la neutralite carbone en 2050. La mobilisation pour le climat impose une acceleration de la decarbonation de I'economie et des modes de vie, une reduction des consommations d'energie ainsi qu'une redefinition de notre systeme energetique encore dependant aux deux tiers des energies fossiles, en s'appuyant sur les energies bas-carbone : renouvelables et nucleaire. Cette transition doit permettre egalement d'assurer la securite de l'approvisionnement en energie et de reduire la dependance aux importations, de preserver la competitivite de I'economie et de proteger les consommateurs frangais. Elle represente un defi industriel majeur.

This article uses a study of the Swiss mechanical watch industry to build theory about how a legacy technology, instead of being supplanted by a new dominant design as current theory would predict, is able to reemerge and achieve new market growth. The introduction of the battery-powered quartz watch in the 1970s made mechanical watches largely obsolete, but by 2008 the Swiss mechanical watchmaking industry had rematerialized to become the world’s leading exporter (in monetary value) of watches. This study uncovers the process and mechanisms associated with technology reemergence: the resurgence of substantive and sustained demand for a legacy technology following the introduction of a new dominant design. It reveals that technology reemergence involves a cognitive process of redefining both the meanings and values associated with the legacy technology and the boundaries of the market for that technology. Watchmakers redefined and combined values of craftsmanship, luxury, and precision to create new meanings and values for mechanical watch technology; repositioned the mechanical watch as an identity and status marker; temporally distanced themselves from the period of the discontinuous quartz technology by recalling their founding and more successful past and connecting it to the future; and used conceptual bridges such as analogies and metaphors to help employees and consumers understand the new meanings. They redefined market boundaries by reclaiming the competitive set, rebuilding the community of mechanical watchmakers, and mobilizing groups of enthusiast consumers who valued the mechanical watch. For mechanical watchmakers, reemergence culminated in competitive and consumer differentiation that ushered in reinvestment in innovation and substantive and sustained demand growth for the legacy technology.

Numerous urban models are emerging in response to climate urgencies, as pointed out in COP26, resulting in a call for urgent and deep decarbonization policies. One emerging model, responsive to the need for more sustainable urban outcomes, is that of the ‘15-Minute City’. The quest for more sustainable and smarter cities is urgent, as cities contribute more than 60% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and thus demands a redefinition of some contemporary urban policies, especially around mobility. The ‘15-Minute City’ is an emerging concept, currently in application in major European Cities, such as Paris and Barcelona, and quickly gaining popularity as a potent solution for encouraging urban sustainability transitions. As the model approaches urban planning via humane socio-economic dimensions, it can be further developed to benefit urban communities, globally in an equitable fashion. In doing so, the model can be crafted to respond to the challenges of the other geographies, including those of the Global South, specifically relating to urban infrastructural financing. This approach recognizes the need for models that can contribute to deep decarbonization agendas, while being contextually responsive with sound financial mechanisms—including both Public and Private parties. In this paper, we argue that the ’15-Minute City’ concept can be poised as a potent solution to re-structure cities for increased sustainability, inclusivity, and economic equity, through locally implemented fiscal mechanisms.

Over the last decade, multiple studies of food insecurity among college students have found rates from 20% to more than 50%, considerably higher than the 12% rate for the entire US population. Reasons for higher rates of food insecurity among college students include a growing population of low-income college students, high college costs and insufficient financial aid, more financial hardship among many low- and moderate-income families, a weak labor market for part-time workers, declining per capita college resources, and Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) policies that specifically exclude many college students from participation. This essay reviews the causes and consequences of food insecurity on campus, explores reasons for the low SNAP participation rate, and describes how campuses have responded to food insecurity. It summarizes federal, state, and local changes in SNAP policies that can facilitate college student participation and retention and suggests strategies for more robust and effective university responses to food insecurity, including SNAP enrollment campaigns, a stronger role for campus food services, and a redefinition of the goals and purposes of campus food pantries.

Based on evidence drawn from longitudinal fieldwork over three decades, in this study I unpack the complex connections among the development of intergenerational intimacy, the redefinition of filial piety, and the rise of descending familism in a north China village. In the first section, I discuss the structural and functional solidarity in intergenerational relationships by examining changing patterns in household composition. Next I show that villagers have redefined the norms of filial piety by relinquishing unconditional obedience and submission from the junior to the senior generations, thus paving the way to intergenerational intimacy. In the third section, I take a closer look at the practices of intergenerational intimacy, the special role played by married women, and the blurring of the boundaries between intimacy and privacy. Next I offer a brief account of macrolevel social factors that render intergenerational intimacy important in family life and result in the rise of descending familism. I conclude by placing the case study in a comparative context and exploring the implications of intergenerational intimacy and descending familism beyond the village community. RESUMEN Basado en evidencia extraída del trabajo de campo longitudinal a lo largo de tres décadas, en este estudio examino de cerca las conexiones complejas entre el desarrollo de la intimidad intergeneracional, la redefinición de la piedad filial, y el desarrollo del familismo en una comunidad del norte de China. En la primera sección, discuto la solidaridad estructural y funcional en las relaciones intergeneracionales examinando los patrones cambiantes en la composición del hogar. Luego muestro que los habitantes han redefinido las normas de piedad filial renunciando a la obediencia incondicional y la sumisión de la generación menor a la generación mayor, allanando así el camino para la intimidad intergeneracional. En esta tercera sección, tomo una mirada más cercana a las prácticas de intimidad intergeneracional, el rol especial jugado por las mujeres casadas y la difuminación de los limites entre intimidad y privacidad. Después, ofrezco una breve explicación de los factores sociales a nivel macro que hacen la intimidad intergeneracional importante en la vida familiar y resultan en la emergencia del familismo descendente. Concluyo colocando el estudio de caso en un contexto comparativo y explorando las implicaciones de la intimidad intergeneracional y el familismo descendente más allá de la comunidad del pueblo.

Biomarkers of Alzheimer's pathology have undeniably changed the way we diagnose Alzheimer's Disease today. The theoretical, methodological, and technical advances of recent years, which now allow us to identify in vivo the pathophysiological cascade that ultimately leads to dementia, have made it possible to diagnose Alzheimer's Disease accurately and earlier. This has led to an official redefinition of Alzheimer's Disease on a biological basis, no longer centered on the post‐mortem clinico‐pathological correspondence, but on the identification of specific biomarkers of the disease, namely beta‐amyloid protein and phosphorylated tau protein. The McGill Centre for Studies in Aging (MCSA) in Montreal is internationally recognized as one of the leading research centres in the development and clinical application of biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's Disease. With unique access to sophisticated techniques such as particle analysis by immunodetection assay in cerebrospinal fluid and molecular neuroimaging by Amyloid and Tau PET, the MCSA has biologically characterized hundreds of individuals along the Alzheimer's Disease continuum (preclinical stage, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia). This clinical research activity has not only been highly recognized scientifically but has also improved patient care. More recently, the emergence of plasma biomarkers is likely to bring about a true revolution in the diagnostic and therapeutic field of Alzheimer's Disease, with the promise of offering accurate, early, and easily accessible screening to the entire aging population through a simple blood test. The advantages of this new biomarker analysis modality, which is less invasive and as effective as cerebrospinal fluid analysis and amyloid PET, are evident. These innovative practices bring about meaningful changes and positive impacts sought by our task force for our target population. The MCSA, with its unique expertise in the field of biomarkers, aims to improve disease knowledge, move toward increasingly effective therapies, and positively impact care and life pathways of patients and caregivers.

The aim of this paper is to examine how the postpolitical era of planning has created both binaries and intersections in the reimaging of transport futures and how the latter precipitates a redefinition of democratic transport prioritisation. Focusing particularly on the point in the transport planning process when urban transport priorities are identified, the paper explores how citizens respond to the inherently political, yet not always democratic, aspects of setting transport investment priorities. This relationship is investigated through a single case study of Melbourne, Australia where a six km inner city road tunnel was deemed a 'done deal' by elected officials in the lead up to a state election, removing the controversial project from open public scrutiny. Drawing upon ethnographic research and semi-structured interviews with community campaigners opposing the proposed East West Link road tunnel, this analysis reveals how community-based groups and individual residents alike can evolve beyond NIMBY-focused agitation to garner a spatially dispersed re-politicisation of urban transport priorities. While the postpolitical framing of infrastructure delivery introduces a binary between state interventionist planning and citizen opposition, it is the mobilisation of action through the spaces of intersection where new political paradigms for transport planning are created.

The concept of ‘convergence’ represents an innovative perspective for analysing collective mobilisations and contemporary conflicts. This article develops a theorisation of convergence as a dynamic process that integrates actors, resources and repertoires of action into collective configurations capable of transcending immediate contingencies. Through the case of the Gkn dispute, one of the most significant workers’ mobilisations in Italy, the study analyses how workers built a network of solidarity and resistance, transforming a local crisis into a national symbol. Using methodological tools such as Protest Event Analysis (PEA) and a mechanism-process approach, the research highlights how convergence functions as a catalyst for the construction of collective identities, the articulation of innovative strategies and the redefinition of power relations. The work thus proposes a critical reinterpretation of contemporary mobilisations, suggesting that convergence, in addition to explaining the duration and impact of conflicts, can be an explanatory model of contemporary socio-political transformations.

Ageism is a widely used term that is not (yet) well understood. We propose a redefinition of ageism and to separate it from ableism. We believe this to be important as remedies may depend on whether someone is experiencing ageism or ableism. While focusing the discussion on older workers as a sub-group of older people who (can) experience ageism, we assess the usefulness of critical (feminist) disability studies for ageism research. We hope that redefining ageism and analytically separating it from ableism (without suggesting that both concepts should be studied independently from one another) will provide guidance for researchers who study ageism and will allow for more specific policy guidance on how to solve difficulties experienced by older workers.

This paper provides a critical reflection on participatory action research (PAR) methods as they pertain to community psychology. Following a brief review of the fundamental aspects of PAR, key developments in the field are examined. These developments include the redefinition of the research enterprise among groups such as Indigenous and consumer/survivor communities, challenges that attend the \"project\" framing of PAR, academic and practice context challenges, and important domains in which PAR methods need to become more engaged (e.g., social media and disenfranchised youth). Three illustrative case studies of programs of work in the areas of youth homelessness, consumer/survivor engagement, and Indigenous research are provided to illustrate these contemporary challenges and opportunities in the field. The authors make the argument that without an effort to reconsider and redefine PAR, moving away from the stereotypical PAR \"project\" frame, these methods will continue to be poorly represented and underutilized in community psychology.