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Lord Jim : a tale
Jim (his surname is never disclosed), a young British seaman, becomes first mate on the Patna, a ship full of pilgrims travelling to Mecca for the hajj. Jim joins his captain and other crew members in abandoning the ship and its passengers. A few days later, they are picked up by a British ship. However, the Patna and its passengers are later also saved, and the reprehensible actions of the crew are exposed. The other participants evade the judicial court of inquiry, leaving Jim to the court alone. The court strips him of his navigation command certificate for his dereliction of duty. Jim is angry with himself, both for his moment of weakness, and for missing an opportunity to be a 'hero'. At the trial, he meets Marlow, a sea captain, who in spite of his initial misgivings over what he sees as Jim's moral unsoundness, comes to befriend him, for he is \"one of us\". Marlow later finds Jim work as a ship chandler's clerk. Jim tries to remain incognito, but whenever the opprobrium of the Patna incident catches up with him, he abandons his place and moves further east. At length, Marlow's friend Stein suggests placing Jim as his factor in Patusan, a remote inland settlement with a mixed Malay and Bugis population, where Jim's past can remain hidden. While living on the island he acquires the title 'Tuan' ('Lord'). Here, Jim wins the respect of the people and becomes their leader by relieving them from the predations of the bandit Sherif Ali and protecting them from the corrupt local Malay chief, Rajah Tunku Allang. Jim wins the love of Jewel, a woman of mixed race, and is \"satisfied ... nearly\". The end comes a few years later, when the town is attacked by the marauder \"Gentleman\" Brown. Although Brown and his gang are driven off, Dain Waris, the son of the leader of the Bugis community, is slain. Jim continues the conflict and willingly takes a fatal bullet in the chest, fired by Dain Waris's father Doramin as retribution for the death of his son.--From Wikipedia.
Alms
Christianity has often understood the death of Jesus on the cross as the sole means for forgiveness of sin. Despite this tradition, David Downs traces the early and sustained presence of yet another means by which Christians imagined atonement for sin: merciful care for the poor. In Alms: Charity, Reward, and Atonement in Early Christianity, Downs begins by considering the economic context of almsgiving in the Greco-Roman world, a context in which the overwhelming reality of poverty cultivated the formation of relationships of reciprocity and solidarity. Downs then provides detailed examinations of almsgiving and the rewards associated with it in the Old Testament, Second Temple Judaism, and the New Testament. He then attends to early Christian texts and authors in which a theology of atoning almsgiving is developed-- 2 Clement, the Didache, the Epistle of Barnabas, Polycarp, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Cyprian. In this historical and theological reconstruction, Downs outlines the emergence of a model for the atonement of sin in Christian literature of the first three centuries of the Common Era, namely, atoning almsgiving, or the notion that providing material assistance to the needy cleanses or covers sin. Downs shows that early Christian advocacy of almsgiving's atoning power is located in an ancient economic context in which fiscal and social relationships were deeply interconnected. Within this context, the concept of atoning almsgiving developed in large part as a result of nascent Christian engagement with scriptural traditions that present care for the poor as having the potential to secure future reward, including heavenly merit and even the cleansing of sin, for those who practice mercy. Downs thus reveals how sin and its solution were socially and ecclesiologically embodied, a vision that frequently contrasted with disregard for the social body, and the bodies of the poor, in Docetic and Gnostic Christianity. Alms, in the end, illuminates the challenge of reading Scripture with the early church, for numerous patristic witnesses held together the conviction that salvation and atonement for sin come through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus and the affirmation that the practice of mercifully caring for the needy cleanses or covers sin. Perhaps the ancient Christian integration of charity, reward, and atonement has the potential to reshape contemporary Christian traditions in which those spheres are separated.
eBook
Carolina moon
A woman--still haunted by the unsolved murder of her childhood friend--returns to her small South Carolina hometown.
Book
Cross-partner effects in coalition loyalty programs: the interaction of point redemptions with program sales
Purpose
Many firms engage customers using coalition loyalty programs. One unique characteristic of these programs is that one partner’s performance can affect the performance of other partners (cross-partner effect). While previous research discusses cross-partner effects from the program sales perspective, the role of point redemptions in cross-partner effects is unknown to marketers. This study aims to investigate this role and discusses its variations among stores of the same chain and those of different chains.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the data of a popular coalition loyalty program, this paper estimates an empirical model that accounts for the dynamics of program sales and point redemptions and the heterogeneity among different partners in the program.
Findings
Cross-partner effects are different between point redemption and program sales. In particular, program sales (point redemptions) in other stores of different chains positively (negatively) affect the focal store’s point redemptions. However, point redemptions in other stores of the same chain as the focal store positively affect the focal store’s program sales.
Research limitations/implications
Coalition loyalty programs are becoming popular around the globe. This research investigates the cross-partner effects of coalition loyalty programs. This is of immense value to practitioners and researchers alike.
Practical implications
This research gives marketing managers insights into the workings of coalition loyalty programs.
Originality/value
This research contributes to loyalty program literature in three ways. First, it complements the literature by investigating the role of point redemption in cross-partner effects. Second, it discusses cross-partner effects in the competing stores from the same chain of the focal store and those from different chains. Third, it explores the dynamic effects of program sales and point redemptions at other stores on program sales at the focal store.
Journal Article
