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This research investigates three intersecting policy arenas relating to urban density to gain insights into urban governance in Mumbai. The policy arenas each comprise debates prominently framed around urban density: the 2014-2034 Development Plan for Greater Mumbai (high-density nodes); the Eastern Waterfront redevelopment project (decongesting Mumbai); and Slum Redevelopment and Rehabilitation policies (overcrowding). Specifically, the research investigates how stakeholders engage in - and seek to influence - each of these policy arenas, and what implication that has for their own resilience and that of the city as a social-ecological urban system (SEuS). Engaging with literatures on social-ecological resilience and urban governance, this research adopts a 'governance for resilience' frame to explore how actors and knowledges come together to debate and shape policy outcomes, and what practices emerge to shape the governance landscape. The empirical data gives evidence to the idea that planning for urban density in Mumbai is neither a benign nor rational policy manoeuvre, but it polarises stakeholders and places emphasis on divisions between opposing interests, public, private and civic. Investigating the way in which urban density is framed and debated within policy arenas sheds light on the ways in which urban density is politicized and governed by mediations, contestations, tactics, and evolutions within the panarchy of governance. Elaborating these reveals the polarisations in the governance landscapes around urban density in Mumbai and informs how power plays out in governing for resilience. The research reveals that fragmentations in formal governance are overcome by experimentation and innovation at the grassroots. It argues that, even when remembrance (top-down inertia) dominates, active revolt (bottom-up self-organisation, experimentation, and protest) plays a role in building the resources for resilience. Lastly, it shows how - through the actions of international players, internationally dominant discourses, political influences and the power of the State (remembrance) - the city itself is rendered powerless to govern its future. Thus, this research identifies characteristics of governance that support (or hinder) resilience at multiple scales, providing an indication of what 'governance for resilience' may look like. In addition, it provides a perspective on how planners and political scientists might understand and engage with resilience, for the mutual benefit of both areas of scholarship.

We study the short-run effects of a large-scale upzoning on house prices and redevelopment premiums in Auckland, New Zealand. Upzoning significantly increases the redevelopment premium but the overall effect on house prices depends on the economic potential for site redevelopment, with underdeveloped properties appreciating relative to intensively developed properties. Notably, intensively developed properties decrease in value relative to similar dwellings that were not upzoned, showing that the large-scale upzoning had an immediate depreciative effect on preexisting intensive housing. Our results show that the economic potential for site redevelopment is fundamental to understanding the impact of changes in land use regulations on property values. 我们研究了新西兰奥克兰大规模规划升级对房价和重建溢价的短期影响。规划升级显著增加了再开发溢价，但对房价的总体影响取决于场地再开发的经济潜力，相对于高密度房产，低密度房产升值。值得注意的是，与规划未升级的类似住宅相比，高密度房产的价值下降，这表明大规模规划升级对先前存在的高密度住宅产生了直接的贬值效应。我们的研究结果表明，场地再开发的经济潜力是理解土地使用条例变化对房地产价值影响的基础。