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To spatially organize chromosomes, ring-shaped protein complexes including condensin and cohesin have been hypothesized to extrude DNA loops. Condensin has been shown to exhibit a DNA-translocating motor function, but extrusion has not been observed directly. Using single-molecule imaging, Ganji et al. visualized in real time a condensin-mediated, adenosine triphosphate-dependent, fast DNA loop extrusion process. Loop extrusion occurred asymmetrically, with condensin reeling in only one end of the DNA. These data provide unambiguous evidence of a loop extrusion mechanism for chromosome organization. Science , this issue p. 102 Single-molecule imaging supports a loop extrusion mechanism for the spatial organization of chromosomes. It has been hypothesized that SMC protein complexes such as condensin and cohesin spatially organize chromosomes by extruding DNA into large loops. We directly visualized the formation and processive extension of DNA loops by yeast condensin in real time. Our findings constitute unambiguous evidence for loop extrusion. We observed that a single condensin complex is able to extrude tens of kilobase pairs of DNA at a force-dependent speed of up to 1500 base pairs per second, using the energy of adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Condensin-induced loop extrusion was strictly asymmetric, which demonstrates that condensin anchors onto DNA and reels it in from only one side. Active DNA loop extrusion by SMC complexes may provide the universal unifying principle for genome organization.

This study explores how social media platforms (for example, Instagram) and Reels-sponsored ads influence what makes consumers stop, watch and decide to buy. Using Consumer Engagement Theory (CET) as a lens, it looks at how people emotionally, cognitively and behaviourally respond to short-form video content. Four key factors were examined: engaging content, scenario-based experiences, user participation and perceived usefulness. Data from 393 active social media platform users in India’s National Capital Region revealed that all four elements positively shaped consumer attitudes, significantly influencing purchase intentions. Notably, relatable and emotionally engaging content had the most substantial impact. Attitude played a central role, bridging how consumers feel about a Reel and what they choose to do next. For marketers, the takeaway is clear: Reels that are visually appealing, useful and invite interaction are more likely to turn engagement into action. The study offers timely insights into how brands can connect meaningfully through short-form video.

This paper presents the study about the development of an innovative solution for road transport of high dimensions and lengths wire ropes. Currently these operations are limited by various constraints related both to the maximum weight and to the dimensions, even when using special vehicles, the passage of the load on the road becomes impossible. The proposed solution involves the use of two reels positioned on two separate trailers. In this case, the overall dimensions are reduced and the maneuverability of the load is considerably increased. The research is based on a concrete case in which the results relating to the sizing of the reels and the wire rope winding system are also reported, for the transport of a wire rope with a diameter of 125 mm and a weight of 400000kg. The research therefore shows that through this solution, which can also be extended to several vehicles connected to each other, the transport of wire ropes of large dimensions and length is achievable partially releasing the problem of dimensions and road travel.

The paper presents an overview of the usage of Instagram as a social media platform for teaching and engagement in the field of dairy cow nutrition and management. Our Instagram content, which includes posts, stories, hashtags, reels, and live videos, aims to educate and engage our followers and covers a wide range of topics, including research updates, student activities, and information on dairy cow health and welfare. This approach to education allows us to reach a larger audience while also providing a forum for interaction and discussion on essential dairy cow nutrition concerns.

The study investigates the efficiency of ElevenLabs voice cloning software in dubbing Egyptian humor in Instagram reels into English. Furthermore, it aims at examining how the replication of tonal pitch nuances and original actors’ voices influence the translatability of humor into the target language. To examine the transfer of cultural and pragmatic aspects of humor, the study conducts multi-layer analysis for eight reels by adopting a multi-modal framework including Martínez-Sierra taxonomy of humorous elements and Juckel et al. typology of humor techniques. In terms of the preservation of the influence of prosodic cues on humor, an acoustic analysis was conducted for both of the source and target audios using Praat . Two questionnaires were designed to examine viewers’ perceptions toward using voice cloning as a dubbing tool to dub humor, oriented toward two participant groups: native English speakers and Arabic-English bilinguals. It revealed that voice cloning is more efficient in enhancing the tonal consistency in dubbing, particularly in conveying Egyptian performed humor into English compared to conventional dubbing and subtitling. However, further improvements are needed in terms of voice naturality and accuracy in transferring cultural aspects of humor. The analysis also sheds light on translation challenges regarding cultural and linguistic nuances in humor translation.

In this manuscript, we demonstrate the ability to use a reel-to-reel processing technology for conductive surface functionalization of textile yarns using oxidative chemical vapor deposition in a continuous manner. We designed and built a vacuum deposition system, which allows the winding of yarns into the oCVD reactor by unreeling from the outside atmosphere, where the yarn is pre-treated with oxidant solution. Iron(III)chloride (FeCl 3 ) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene were used as the oxidant and monomer, respectively, to deposit thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films on the synthetic PET yarn surfaces. FTIR and XPS analyses were carried out to verify the chemical structure of as-deposited PEDOT films. Effects of temperature, oxidant concentration, and winding speed on the electrical conductivities of the yarns after oCVD were studied. All yarns exhibited non-zero conductivity values independent of the deposition conditions studied. Very high conductivity uniformities were observed along the longitudinal direction of the yarns even at the highest studied winding speed of 24 cm/min.

Cable manufacturing is a typical hybrid production system characterized by the deep coupling of continuous processes and discrete logic. However, the unique “Reel-Splitting Constraint”—where continuous cables must be segmented into strictly sequenced sub-reels—along with high energy consumption and frequent dynamic disturbances render traditional Hybrid Flexible Flow Shop scheduling models ineffective in this context. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel Multi-Objective Dynamic Scheduling Framework tailored for the cable industry. First, a mathematical model is constructed that explicitly formalizes the rigid logic of sub-reel sequencing and continuous material flow, aiming to simultaneously minimize total energy consumption, makespan, and changeover times. Unlike generic models, this formulation introduces a constraint-handling mechanism to ensure the physical continuity of sub-reels during optimization. Second, a two-stage hybrid swarm intelligence algorithm is developed to solve this NP-hard problem. An improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is employed for “population seeding” to generate feasible initial schedules and avoid deadlocks, while a Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) executes deep evolutionary operations—such as setup reduction and critical operation insertion—to escape local optima. Case studies based on real-world industrial data demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. The hybrid strategy reduces the makespan by approximately 9.8% compared to traditional approaches and effectively mitigates energy waste in bottleneck processes. Furthermore, the proposed event-driven dynamic rescheduling mechanism exhibits exceptional responsiveness, reducing rescheduling time for unexpected equipment breakdowns from 18 h to 0.83 h, thereby enabling within-shift decision-making and robust operation in volatile manufacturing environments.

Background: Video material is one of the most common types of digital information on social media platforms. Purpose: To assess the validity and informational value of TikTok videos with regard to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Using the terms “anterior cruciate ligament” AND/OR “ACL,” 420 TikTok videos were retrieved, of which 100 videos were included in the analysis. The video duration and the number of likes, shares, and views were recorded. Videos were categorized based on the source (private user, physical therapist, surgeon, and researcher), subject type (patient experience, physical therapy, injury mechanism, anatomy, clinical test, and surgical technique), content (patient experience/testimony, education, and rehabilitation), and any background audio (music or voice). Video quality assessments were conducted using the DISCERN instrument, The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Associations between quantitative variables were tested using the Spearman rank correlation. One-way analysis of variance or Mann-Whitney test was performed to assess whether video quality differed by video characteristics. Results: A total of 41 videos were published by private users (41%), 34 by physical therapists (34%), 23 by surgeons (23%), and 2 by researchers (2%). Most of the information regarded patient experience (34%), followed by physical therapy (20%), injury mechanism (19%), anatomy (11%), clinical test (9%), and surgical technique (7%). The mean video length was 40.55 ± 41.58 seconds. The mean number of views was 151,084.39 ± 487,150.02, while the mean numbers of comments, likes, and shares were 72.80 ± 249.68, 6781.49 ± 29,163.96, and 98.71 ± 307.76, respectively. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were 15.73 ± 1.44, 0.19 ± 0.39, and 1.16 ± 0.37, respectively, indicating the poorest quality on all 3 indices. The number of views, likes, shares, comments, and video lengths were all positively correlated with DISCERN (except the number of shares), JAMA, and GQS scores (P < .05). A significant difference was found in DISCERN scores between videos by private users and those by surgeons (15.37 ± 0.98 vs 16.22 ± 1.57; P = .007). Conclusion: Our analysis has demonstrated that the educational value of these videos on the ACL on TikTok is poor. Given the rapid growth of TikTok, further research is needed.

The cable reels are widely used in highly mobile radars. The working efficiency and reliability of the traditional cable reels are not enough in the cases that the number of the cables is large and the power is high. A novel automatic cable reel is developed to provide a reliable and compact operating device for the radar cables. This paper describes the mechanical design of the winch unit and connection unit of the cable reel, which can automatically wind cables and join or separate the electrical connectors, respectively. The power of the motor is determined and the specifications of the system is presented. Then, the cable reel system is analysed and tested. The modal analysis of the system is conducted. The functions that the automatic cable reel can wind the cables, join and separate the electrical connectors efficiently are verified by the experiment results. Compared with the ordinarily manual cable reels or the slip rings, the automatic cable reel developed in this paper is innovative to realize the automation of the separation and joint of the connectors while winding the cables simultaneously, which can promote the efficiency and the reliability of the highly mobile radars, without twining and knotting the cables or wearing the slip rings, especially for multiple and high-power cable connections in limited spaces.