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"Reference interviews"
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20th century photographers : Interviews on the craft, purpose, and the passion of photography
\"This book is a compilation of interviews and essays that cover a broad range of photographers and photographic disciplines. Each photographer profiled made a living by concentrating on a specific aspect of the craft, but in doing so transcended their livelihood to become recognized for more than the type of images they created. Each had a distinct \"style,\" creative approach, dedication to the craft, point of view about themselves and the world. These interviews were conducted during a seminal period in the shift from film to digital and from print reproduction to global distribution on the Internet. Just like their photographs continue to inspire today, now these pros' words can live on as an invaluable reference for the photographers of the future. The truth and wisdom in this collection transcend time and technology. - Features interviews with notable photographers including: Mary Ellen Mark, Carl Mydans, O. Winston Link, and Adam Newman - Covers a wide array of photographic fields such as photojournalism, fine art, and fashion. - Listen to the audio of many of the featured interviews on the book's companion website!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Application of RUSA Standards to the Virtual Reference Interview
The proliferation of online databases used to search for articles in scholarly journals and magazines began shortly after Internet use became common in the late 1990s. The original Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) guidelines for an effective reference interview had no need to include cues for the virtual environment. The RUSA guidelines for implementing and maintaining virtual reference services define virtual reference as services initiated electronically, where patrons employ computers or other Internet technology to communicate with reference staff without being physically present. It is important for the reader to have a clear understanding of how e-mail and chat reference function and to define both terms. The RUSA guidelines for the behavioral performance for reference providers are an established and accepted standard that can be used to evaluate a reference transaction. Technological advances during the past decade have enabled librarians to offer both synchronous and nonsynchronous virtual reference service via the Internet.
Journal Article
Organizing Rebellion: Rethinking High-Risk Mobilization and Social Networks in War
Research on violent mobilization broadly emphasizes who joins rebellions and why, but neglects to explain the timing or nature of participation. Support and logistical apparatuses play critical roles in sustaining armed conflict, but scholars have not explained role differentiation within militant organizations or accounted for the structures, processes, and practices that produce discrete categories of fighters, soldiers, and staff. Extant theories consequently conflate mobilization and participation in rebel organizations with frontline combat. This article argues that, to understand wartime mobilization and organizational resilience, scholars must situate militants in their organizational and social context. By tracing the emergence and evolution of female-dominated clandestine supply, financial, and information networks in 1980s Lebanon, it demonstrates that mobilization pathways and organizational subdivisions emerge from the systematic overlap between formal militant hierarchies and quotidian social networks. In doing so, this article elucidates the nuanced relationship between social structure, militant organizations, and sustained rebellion.
Journal Article
Is the reference desk used for reference interviews
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate why users turn to the university library’s reference desk and whether librarians make use of the opportunity to conduct reference interviews to disclose any unexpressed information needs.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the results from a qualitative exploration study where interactions between librarians and users were observed in authentic situations at the reference desk and analyzed using a modified version of Radford and Connaway’s (2013) categorization of inquiries.
Findings
Most inquiries were seemingly easy to answer and pertained to collections and procedures in the library. Lending out desk supplies accounted for a high proportion of the activity. Only a small number of requests were subject-oriented and reference interview techniques were only used in 5% of the recorded inquiries. This means that the users’ information needs were not probed in the vast majority of the interactions.
Research limitations/implications
The study is exploratory and mirrors the activity that takes place in one specific library. The low number of reference interview techniques used may indicate a lack of interest in users’ information needs, which signifies a risk of the reference desk being reduced to an arena for instrumental and superficial interaction between librarians and users.
Originality/value
This study illustrates current developments in work at a physical library desk. Few recent studies address face-to-face interactions between librarians and users.
Journal Article
Interviewing: Practice, Ideology, Genre, and Intertextuality
This review applies a critical linguistic anthropological perspective to classic and current scholarly literature on interviewing, understood as a cluster of communicative practices used to produce and circulate various types of authoritative and consequential knowledge about groups and individuals. I begin by treating interviews as multifunctional, ideologically mediated communicative events. I then discuss the multiplicity, indeterminacy, and intertextuality in people's practices and understandings of interviewing as a communicative genre. Interviews are fundamentally intertextual, as they resemble, co-occur with, precede, and follow other communicative events.
Journal Article
Crossing the Brooklyn Bridge: a health literacy training partnership before and during COVID-19
Background: A request for consumer health information training for public librarians led to the development of a specialized consumer health reference and health literacy training program by professional consumer health librarians from an academic medical center. Professional consumer health librarians created an interactive presentation aimed at improving public librarians’ ability to respond to consumer health questions and provide vetted health resources.Case Presentation: Building on professional expertise, librarians at Weill Cornell Medicine developed a live class demonstration accompanied by a representative subject LibGuide to support public librarians who assist patrons with health questions. Skills involved in effectively communicating with patrons who are seeking consumer health information include conducting reference interviews, matching patrons’ needs with appropriate resources, teaching useful Internet search methods, assessing health information, and understanding health literacy issues. Originally envisioned as two in-person live demonstrations, the team proactively adapted the program to respond to the stay-at-home social-distancing order put in place in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Conclusions: The team successfully led an in-person live training session followed by an adapted online training experience, the latter designed to complete the curricula while complying with city and state orders.
Journal Article
ASSESSING MOTIVATION TO READ: The Motivation to Read Profile–Revised
For most classroom teachers, recognizing when students are engaged in literacy activities – and perhaps more glaringly, when they are not – is a process that is key to evaluating the potential success of the instruction being offered. Students who are engaged have their eyes on what they are doing, are ardently attending to the teacher's read aloud or in reflective repose as they read independently. Moreover, students who are motivated to participate in literacy instruction are on task, cognitively and strategically engaged with the material, and perhaps affectively responding to the activity as well. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to report on an updated and more reliable revision of the Motivation to Read Profile (MRP‐R) and to engage in a discussion of how periodic, class‐wide administration of the MRP‐R can inform practices to support motivating classroom contexts.
Journal Article
Conducting and Coding Elite Interviews
In real estate the maxim for picking a piece of property is “location, location, location.” In elite interviewing, as in social science generally, the maxim for the best way to design and conduct a study is “purpose, purpose, purpose.” It's elementary that the primary question one must ask before designing a study is, “What do I want to learn?” Appropriate methods flow from the answer. Interviewing is often important if one needs to know what a set of people think, or how they interpret an event or series of events, or what they have done or are planning to do. (Interviews are not always necessary. Written records, for example, may be more than adequate.) In a case study, respondents are selected on the basis of what they might know to help the investigator fill in pieces of a puzzle or confirm the proper alignment of pieces already in place. If one aims to make inferences about a larger population, then one must draw a systematic sample. For some kinds of information, highly structured interviews using mainly or exclusively close-ended questions may be an excellent way to proceed. If one needs to probe for information and to give respondents maximum flexibility in structuring their responses, then open-ended questions are the way to go.
Journal Article
Search is a verb: systematic review searching as invisible labor
Invisible labor is a term used by labor economists to describe work that contributes, and is often even necessary, to the economy but largely goes unrecognized and unpaid. Despite the fact that systematic review searching is a significant task for many librarians and knowledge professionals, the search process can be considered a form of invisible labor because it often goes without recognition. This occurs sometimes through not granting authorship to the librarian who performed the intellectual contribution of search development and sometimes through a devaluing of the search process by the choice of language used to describe the search. By using the term search as a passive verb or noun, authors devalue the real intellectual labor involved in searching, which includes decisions related to search terms and combinations, database selection, and other search parameters. This commentary explores the context of how searching is described through the concept of invisible labor.
Journal Article
The Effects of Response Rate Changes on the Index of Consumer Sentiment
From 1979 to 1996, the Survey of Consumer Attitudes response rate remained roughly 70 percent. But number of calls to complete an interview and proportion of interviews requiring refusal conversion doubled. Using call-record histories, we explore what the consequences of lower response rates would have been if these additional efforts had not been undertaken. Both number of calls and initially cooperating (vs. initially refusing) are related to the Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS), but only number of calls survives a control for demographic characteristics. We assess the impact of excluding respondents who required refusal conversion (which reduces the response rate 5–10 percentage points), respondents who required more than five calls to complete the interview (reducing the response rate about 25 percentage points), and those who required more than two calls (a reduction of about 50 percentage points). We found no effect of excluding any of these respondent groups on cross-sectional estimates of the ICS using monthly samples of hundreds of cases. For yearly estimates, based on thousands of cases, the exclusion of respondents who required more calls (though not of initial refusers) had an effect, but a very small one. One of the exclusions generally affected estimates of change over time in the ICS, irrespective of sample size.
Journal Article