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"Refugees Nigeria."
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A refugee's journey from Nigeria
\"When the violence by militant terrorist group Boko Haram increases in her village in Nigeria, Baseema and her family make the difficult decision to seek refuge in another country. With limited places to go and few people who are able to help, Baseema is unsure of her future. She hopes to find safety in a country where she will be allowed to go to school, and live without constant fear. Interspersed with facts about Nigeria and its people, this narrative tells a story common to many refugees fleeing the country. Readers will learn about the conflict there and how they can help refugees in their communities and around the world who are struggling to find permanent homes\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and somatisation in recently arrived refugees in Germany: an epidemiological study
Despite recent worldwide migratory movements, there are only a few studies available that report robust epidemiological data on the mental health in recent refugee populations. In the present study, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatisation were assessed using an epidemiological approach in refugees who have recently arrived in Germany from different countries.
The study was conducted in a reception facility for asylum-seekers in Leipzig, Germany. A total of 1316 adult individuals arrived at the facility during the survey period (May 2017-June 2018), 569 of whom took part in the study (N = 67 pilot study and N = 502 study sample; response rate 43.2%). The questionnaire (11 different languages) included sociodemographic and flight-related questions as well as standardised instruments for assessing PTSD (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9) and somatisation (SSS-8). Unweighted and weighted prevalence rates of PTSD, depression and somatisation were presented stratified by sex and age groups.
According to established cut-off scores, 49.7% of the respondents screened positive for at least one of the mental disorders investigated, with 31% suffering from somatisation, 21.7% from depression and 34.9% from PTSD; prevalence rates of major depression, other depressive syndromes and PTSD were calculated according to the DSM-5, which indicated rates of 10.3, 17.6 and 28.2%, respectively.
The findings underline the dramatic mental health burden present among refugees and provide important information for health care planning. They also provide important information for health care systems and political authorities in receiving countries and strongly indicate the necessity of establishing early psychosocial support for refugees suffering from psychological distress.
Journal Article
Hoping for a home after Nigeria
\"Baseema's family was nearly torn apart by the terrorist violence of Boko Haram in her homeland of Nigeria. Forced to flee their farm, they relied on friends of her father for a home and support. Still unable to return, the family moves again to Kano, the second largest city in Nigeria, and struggles to survive. Baseema's story gives a glimpse of how many refugees rely on extended networks of family and friends and how, with education disrupted, young women are often forced to marry early\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Transactional sex in humanitarian settings
Millions of people have been displaced within or outside their countries. Disruptions associated with displacement often lead to transactional sex with dire social, sexual and reproductive health implications. A common driver of transactional sex is food insecurity among refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), yet IDP/refugee settings offer an opportunity for females to challenge and renegotiate gender norms and exercise greater control over their lives and sexuality. We compared predictors of transactional sex across humanitarian settings and found them to be significantly different. Among IDPs, the likelihood of transactional sex reduces with having access to food ration and education, but increases with having 'other sources' of income. Among refugees, transactional sex likelihood reduces with having either/both parent(s) alive but increases with working for money. Hence, multiple factors drive transactional sex in different contexts. Protecting women in humanitarian situations from the risks of transactional sex requires an understanding of these differences.
Des millions de personnes ont été déplacées à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de leur pays. Les perturbations associées au déplacement conduisent souvent à des relations sexuelles transactionnelles avec des conséquences désastreuses sur la santé sociale, sexuelle et reproductive. L'insécurité alimentaire parmi les réfugiés et les personnes déplacées à l'intérieur de leur propre pays (PDI) est un facteur courant du sexe transactionnel. Pourtant, les contextes de PDI/réfugiés offrent aux femmes la possibilité de remettre en question et de renégocier les normes de genre et d'exercer un plus grand contrôle sur leur vie et leur sexualité. Nous avons comparé les prédicteurs du sexe transactionnel dans différents contextes humanitaires et nous avons constaté qu'ils étaient significativement différents. Parmi les personnes déplacées, la probabilité de relations sexuelles transactionnelles diminue avec l'accès à la ration alimentaire et à l'éducation, mais augmente avec « d'autres sources » de revenus. Parmi les réfugiés, la probabilité de relations sexuelles transactionnelles diminue lorsque l'un ou les deux parents sont en vie, mais augmente lorsque l'on travaille pour de l'argent. Par conséquent, de multiples facteurs déterminent le sexe transactionnel dans différents contextes. Protéger les femmes dans les situations humanitaires contre les risques liés aux relations sexuelles transactionnelles nécessite une compréhension de ces différences.
Journal Article
In-person vs mobile app facilitated life skills education to improve the mental health of internally displaced persons in Nigeria: protocol for the RESETTLE-IDPs cluster randomized hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation trial
Background
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria face a high burden of mental health disorders, with limited access to evidence-based, culturally relevant interventions. Life skills education (LSE) is a promising approach to promote mental health and psychosocial well-being in humanitarian settings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a culturally adapted LSE program delivered through in-person and mobile platforms among IDPs in Northern Nigeria.
Methods
This cluster-randomized hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation trial will be conducted in 20 IDP camps or host communities in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Sites will be randomly assigned to receive a 12-week LSE program delivered either through in-person peer support groups or WhatsApp-facilitated mobile groups. The study will recruit 500 participants aged 13 years and older. Intervention effectiveness outcomes include the primary outcome of change in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms assessed using the PCL-5 scale, and secondary outcomes of depression, anxiety, well-being, and life skills acquisition. Implementation outcomes will be assessed using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Both sets of outcomes will be compared between the in-person and mobile delivery groups. Quantitative data will be analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression models, while qualitative data will be examined through reflexive thematic analysis. The study will be guided by the Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.
Discussion
The RESETTLE-IDPs study addresses key gaps in the evidence base on mental health interventions for conflict-affected populations. It focuses on underserved IDP populations, evaluates the comparative effectiveness of in-person and mobile-delivered LSE, and incorporates implementation science frameworks to assess contextual factors influencing adoption, fidelity, and sustainability. The study employs a community-based participatory approach to enhance cultural relevance, acceptability, and ownership. Findings will inform the development and scale-up of evidence-based, sustainable mental health interventions for IDPs in Nigeria and other humanitarian contexts.
Trial sponsor
Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov,
NCT06412679
Registered 15 May 2024.
Journal Article
Americanah
\"A young woman from Nigeria leaves behind her home and her first love to start a new life in America, only to find her dreams are not all she expected\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Oral health knowledge and practices of women with children who are internally displaced, refugees, and migrants in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Background
Little is known about the oral health profile of forcibly displaced persons (internally displaced persons (IDPs), and refugees), and migrants in Nigeria, despite being one of the largest communities of people with humanitarian service needs in the world. This study assessed the associations between dental caries prevention knowledge, self-care dental caries preventive practices, and dental caries prevention knowledge among IDPs, refugees, and migrants in Nigeria.
Methods
This was a secondary analysis of the data of a cross-sectional study conducted in five states in Nigeria—Borno, Taraba, Yobe, Cross River, and Benue— with large populations of refugees, IDPs, and migrants in December 2024. The data of 1554 women (IDPs: 690; migrants: 281; and refugees: 583) who had children in their care were extracted for this study. The data extracted were the dependent variables (knowledge of dental caries prevention, daily use of fluoridated toothpaste, daily tooth brushing frequency, and daily frequency of consumption of refined carbohydrates between meals), the confounding variables (educational level, current marital status, and age at last birthday), and the independent variables (IDPs, refugees, and migrants’ status). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for the confounders.
Results
Both IDPs (AOR: 3.68,
p
< 0.001) and migrants (AOR: 3.89,
p
< 0.001) had significantly higher odds of good dental caries prevention knowledge compared to refugees. On the other hand, IDPs (AOR = 0.22,
p
< 0.001) and migrants (AOR: 0.56,
p
< 0.001) were less likely to brush twice daily than refugees. of daily use of fluoride-containing toothpaste every time or almost every time than refugees, but the difference was not statistically significant. On the converse, both IDPs and migrants had lower odds of consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals daily, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Although IDPs and migrants demonstrated better knowledge of dental caries prevention compared to refugees, they seemed less likely than refugees to brush twice daily. This highlights a disconnect between knowledge and practices in displacement settings. Studies are needed to explore contextual drivers of dental caries preventive knowledge and practices among IDPs, migrants, and refugees.
Journal Article
Knowledge, risk perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency setting, Northeast Nigeria
Background
Owing to crowded and unsanitary conditions, internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Adoption of COVID-19 preventive measures among this population is premised on accurate information, adequate knowledge, and risk perception. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge and risk perception and investigated the association between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive measures, including vaccination among IDPs in Northeast Nigeria.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study during July–December 2022 and sampled 2,175 IDPs using stratified sampling. We utilized a 12-point assessment tool to evaluate COVID-19 knowledge. Participants who scored ≥ 6 points were considered to have adequate knowledge. We used a 30-item Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale to assess COVID-19 risk perception and evaluated each item on a 5-point Likert scale. Participants were divided into risk perception categories by the median of Likert scale scores. We performed weighted logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with risk perception. Pearson’s chi-squared with Rao-Scott adjustment was used to determine the relationship between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive measures.
Results
Of 2,175 participants, 55.7% were 18–39 years old, 70.9% were females, and 81.7% had no formal education. Among the IDPs, 32.0% (95% CI: 28.8 – 35.0) were considered to have adequate COVID-19 knowledge, and 51.3% (95% CI: 47.8 – 54.8) perceived COVID-19 risk as high. Moreover, 46.3% (95% CI: 42.8 – 50.0) had received one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and 33.1% (95% CI: 29.8 – 36.0) received two doses. Adequate knowledge (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.10, [95% CI: 1.46 – 3.03]) and post-primary education (AOR = 3.20, [95% CI: 1.59 – 6.46]) were associated with risk perception. Furthermore, high risk perception was significantly associated with wearing face masks (χ
2
= 106.32,
p
-value < .001), practicing hand hygiene (χ
2
= 162.24,
p
-value < .001), physical distancing (χ
2
= 60.84,
p
-value < .001) and vaccination uptake (χ
2
= 46.85,
p
-value < .001).
Conclusions
This study revealed gaps in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and vaccination uptake but demonstrated a significant relationship between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive practices. Health education and risk communication should be intensified to improve knowledge, elicit stronger risk perception, and enhance COVID-19 preventive practices.
Journal Article
Poor mental health among Nigeria’s displaced young people
Targeted interventions are urgently required to deal with this growing crisis
Journal Article