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"Refuse and refuse disposal Biodegradation."
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Anaerobic digestion : making biogas - making energy : the Earthscan expert guide
\"Hundreds of million tonnes of agricultural and food waste are produced each year around the world, most of which is just that, waste. Anaerobic digestion, biogas and the heat and electricity that can be produced from it is still a nascent industry in many countries, yet the benefits of AD spread throughout the community: - Gives good financial returns to farmers and eco-entrepreneurs. - Helps community leaders meet various policies and legislative targets. - Offers an environmentally sensitive waste disposal option. - Provides a local heat and power supply, & creates employment opportunities - Reduces greenhouse gas emissions, as well as providing an organic fertilizer. Although the process of AD itself is relatively simple there are several system options available to meet the demands of different feedstocks. This book describes, in simple, easy to read language the five common systems of AD; how they work, the impact of scale, the basic requirements, the costs and financial implications, and how to get involved in this rapidly growing green industry\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Biotechnology for Zero Waste
Biotechnology for Zero Waste The use of biotechnology to minimize waste and maximize resource valorization In Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques, accomplished environmental researchers Drs.
eBook
Environmental anaerobic technology
Anaerobic technology has become widely accepted by the environmental industry as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional aerobic process. In addition, with the intrinsic advantages of energy saving, reduced sludge yield, and production of biofuel, anaerobic process will be the favored green treatment technology for sustainable environment in years to come.
eBook
Biodegradation of polyurethane by the microbial consortia enriched from landfill
Polyurethanes (PU) are one of the most used categories of plastics and have become a significant source of environmental pollutants. Degrading the refractory PU wastes using environmentally friendly strategies is in high demand. In this study, three microbial consortia from the landfill leachate were enriched using PU powder as the sole carbon source. The consortia efficiently degraded polyester PU film and accumulated high biomass within 1 week. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle analyses showed significant physical and chemical changes to the PU film after incubating with the consortia for 48 h. In addition, the degradation products adipic acid and butanediol were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography in the supernatant of the consortia. Microbial composition and extracellular enzyme analyses revealed that the consortia can secrete esterase and urease, which were potentially involved in the degradation of PU. The dominant microbes in the consortia changed when continuously passaged for 50 generations of growth on the PU films. This work demonstrates the potential use of microbial consortia in the biodegradation of PU wastes.Key points• Microbial consortia enriched from landfill leachate degraded polyurethane film.• Consortia reached high biomass within 1 week using polyurethane film as the sole carbon source.• The consortia secreted potential polyurethane-degrading enzymes.
Journal Article
Food Waste to Energy: An Overview of Sustainable Approaches for Food Waste Management and Nutrient Recycling
Food wastage and its accumulation are becoming a critical problem around the globe due to continuous increase of the world population. The exponential growth in food waste is imposing serious threats to our society like environmental pollution, health risk, and scarcity of dumping land. There is an urgent need to take appropriate measures to reduce food waste burden by adopting standard management practices. Currently, various kinds of approaches are investigated in waste food processing and management for societal benefits and applications. Anaerobic digestion approach has appeared as one of the most ecofriendly and promising solutions for food wastes management, energy, and nutrient production, which can contribute to world’s ever-increasing energy requirements. Here, we have briefly described and explored the different aspects of anaerobic biodegrading approaches for food waste, effects of cosubstrates, effect of environmental factors, contribution of microbial population, and available computational resources for food waste management researches.
Journal Article
Valorization of various lignocellulosic wastes to Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst (Reishi) has significant pharmacological benefits, and optimizing its cultivation on diverse substrates enhances its commercial viability. This study explored the valorization of various lignocellulosic wastes for cultivating G. lucidum mushrooms, highlighting its potential contributions to sustainable agriculture and waste management. In this research, mushrooms were cultivated using hazelnut branches (HB), hazelnut husk (HH), wheat straw (WS), rhododendron branches (RD), oak wood (OW), beech wood (BW), corn husk (CH), and spent coffee grounds (CG). The biodegradation properties of the mushrooms on the selected substrates were also investigated. HB and RD materials were used for the first time to cultivate and assess the biodegradation properties of G. lucidum. Substrates were prepared for cultivation at varying compositions (91% substrate + 9% wheat bran (WB) and 75% HB + 25% other substrates). The nutritional properties of the mushrooms and substrates, the chemical composition (holocellulose, alpha cellulose, extractives, and ash) of the substrates, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) assessments before and after cultivation were analyzed. Among the substrates, OW 91% + WB 9% yielded the highest mushroom production (46 g/kg), whereas CH (18.3 g/kg) resulted in the lowest yield, with no significant difference compared to WS (18.5 g/kg). Following mushroom cultivation, the holocellulose content and pH values of the substrates decreased proportionally, while alpha-cellulose, extractives, and ash content increased. Chemical analysis revealed an average holocellulose reduction of 13.5% and [alpha]-cellulose increase of 32%, alongside substrate-dependent phenolic content variations, with the highest level (3.156 mg GAE/g) observed in beech wood-grown specimens. FT-IR spectra indicated that this method could effectively elucidate the biodegradation properties of G. lucidum on lignocellulosic materials before and after cultivation.
Journal Article
Valorization of various lignocellulosic wastes to Ganoderma lucidum cultivation and their FT-IR assessments
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst (Reishi) has significant pharmacological benefits, and optimizing its cultivation on diverse substrates enhances its commercial viability. This study explored the valorization of various lignocellulosic wastes for cultivating G. lucidum mushrooms, highlighting its potential contributions to sustainable agriculture and waste management. In this research, mushrooms were cultivated using hazelnut branches (HB), hazelnut husk (HH), wheat straw (WS), rhododendron branches (RD), oak wood (OW), beech wood (BW), corn husk (CH), and spent coffee grounds (CG). The biodegradation properties of the mushrooms on the selected substrates were also investigated. HB and RD materials were used for the first time to cultivate and assess the biodegradation properties of G. lucidum. Substrates were prepared for cultivation at varying compositions (91% substrate + 9% wheat bran (WB) and 75% HB + 25% other substrates). The nutritional properties of the mushrooms and substrates, the chemical composition (holocellulose, alpha cellulose, extractives, and ash) of the substrates, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) assessments before and after cultivation were analyzed. Among the substrates, OW 91% + WB 9% yielded the highest mushroom production (46 g/kg), whereas CH (18.3 g/kg) resulted in the lowest yield, with no significant difference compared to WS (18.5 g/kg). Following mushroom cultivation, the holocellulose content and pH values of the substrates decreased proportionally, while alpha-cellulose, extractives, and ash content increased. Chemical analysis revealed an average holocellulose reduction of 13.5% and [alpha]-cellulose increase of 32%, alongside substrate-dependent phenolic content variations, with the highest level (3.156 mg GAE/g) observed in beech wood-grown specimens. FT-IR spectra indicated that this method could effectively elucidate the biodegradation properties of G. lucidum on lignocellulosic materials before and after cultivation.
Journal Article
Effect of Increasing Total Solids Contents on Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste under Mesophilic Conditions: Performance and Microbial Characteristics Analysis
The total solids content of feedstocks affects the performances of anaerobic digestion and the change of total solids content will lead the change of microbial morphology in systems. In order to increase the efficiency of anaerobic digestion, it is necessary to understand the role of the total solids content on the behavior of the microbial communities involved in anaerobic digestion of organic matter from wet to dry technology. The performances of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste with different total solids contents from 5% to 20% were compared and the microbial communities in reactors were investigated using 454 pyrosequencing technology. Three stable anaerobic digestion processes were achieved for food waste biodegradation and methane generation. Better performances mainly including volatile solids reduction and methane yield were obtained in the reactors with higher total solids content. Pyrosequencing results revealed significant shifts in bacterial community with increasing total solids contents. The proportion of phylum Chloroflexi decreased obviously with increasing total solids contents while other functional bacteria showed increasing trend. Methanosarcina absolutely dominated in archaeal communities in three reactors and the relative abundance of this group showed increasing trend with increasing total solids contents. These results revealed the effects of the total solids content on the performance parameters and the behavior of the microbial communities involved in the anaerobic digestion of food waste from wet to dry technologies.
Journal Article