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This paper analyzes the current situation of the development of tourism in Hainan and provides a new reference for the high-quality development of Hainan tourism. Firstly, the evaluation model and evaluation indexes of Hainan tourism high quality development based on a comprehensive evaluation method are constructed, the comprehensive index method is used to dimensionless process the data, and the entropy value method is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative relationship of selected indexes and the degree of variation to determine the index weights. Then the multi-objective linear weighting method is used to calculate the comprehensive level of Hainan tourism quality development. Then the regional difference characteristics of Hainan tourism quality development and the trend of tourism development time sequence evolution were analyzed, and finally, the path of Hainan tourism quality development was analyzed from multiple factors. On the regional difference characteristics, the northern and southern regions of Hainan have obvious advantages in terms of quality tourism development, with a comprehensive development index of 0.498 and 0.482 respectively, while the central region is relatively backward, with a development index of 0.364. The dynamics of industrial development in Hainan are relatively low, with slow and unstable growth, rising only from 0.0048 in 2013 to 0.0059 in 2018 and also showing a small downward trend in 2015 and 2016. This study has important implications for the high-quality development of tourism in Hainan.

Spatial economic analysis, including research on regional development and competitiveness, has long been a high priority area in the social sciences, both domestically and globally. Several dominant international models relate changes in regional competitiveness to the volume of investment, physical capital and improvements in the income situation of citizens. This suggests that the promotion and implementation of investment has the greatest impact on regional development, as it generates technological innovation and innovation in order to raise the skills of the available labour force, employ human resources at higher wages and thus raise living standards. On the basis of these findings, our study examines the level of development of the domestic LAU1 districts on the basis of their complex (social, economic and infrastructural) level of development, their income situation and their economic competitiveness.

Regional development differences are a universal problem in the economic development process of countries around the world. In recent decades, China has experienced rapid urban development since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy. However, development differs across regions, triggering the migration of laborers from underdeveloped areas to developed areas. The interaction between regional development differences and Spring Festival has formed the world’s largest cyclical migration phenomenon, Spring Festival travel. Studying the migration pattern from public spatiotemporal behavior can contribute to understanding the differences in regional development. This paper proposes a geospatial network analytical framework to quantitatively characterize the imbalance of urban/regional development based on Spring Festival travel from the perspectives of complex network science and geospatial science. Firstly, the urban development difference is explored based on the intercity population flow difference ratio, PageRank algorithm, and attractiveness index. Secondly, the community detection method and rich-club coefficient are applied to further observe the spatial interactions between cities. Finally, the regional importance index and attractiveness index are used to reveal the regional development imbalance. The methods and findings can be used for urban planning, poverty alleviation, and population studies.

We investigate the role of deeply rooted pre-colonial ethnic institutions in shaping comparative regional development within African countries. We combine information on the spatial distribution of ethnicities before colonization with regional variation in contemporary economic performance, as proxied by satellite images of light density at night. We document a strong association between pre-colonial ethnic political centralization and regional development. This pattern is not driven by differences in local geographic features or by other observable ethnic-specific cultural and economic variables. The strong positive association between pre-colonial political complexity and contemporary development also holds within pairs of adjacent ethnic homelands with different legacies of pre-colonial political institutions.

Chinese society has experienced a dramatic change over the past several decades, which has had a profound impact on its household system. Utilizing the Chinese national census and 1% population survey data from 1982 to 2015, this study demonstrates the transition of the Chinese household structure through typology analyses. Five typical regional household structure types—large lineal, large nuclear, small nuclear, mixed lineal, and small and diverse—are identified. Our findings demonstrate that since the 1980s, the household system in almost all Chinese regions has evolved from a large unitary model to a small diversified one. However, this evolutionary path diverged after 2000 and formed two distinct household structure systems. There are also significant regional differences in the transition trajectory. Influenced by developmental, cultural, and demographic factors, the regions exhibit four distinct transition paths: lineal tradition, nuclear retardation, smooth transition, and fast transition. On the basis of these results, we discuss family modernization and other theories in explaining the transition of the Chinese household structure.

We examine intergenerational mobility (IM) in educational attainment in Africa since independence using census data. First, we map IM across 27 countries and more than 2800 regions, documenting wide cross-country and especially within-country heterogeneity. Inertia looms large as differences in the literacy of the old generation explain about half of the observed spatial disparities in IM. The rural-urban divide is substantial. Though conspicuous in some countries, there is no evidence of systematic gender gaps in IM. Second, we characterize the geography of IM, finding that colonial investments in railroads and Christian missions, as well as proximity to capitals and the coastline are the strongest correlates. Third, we ask whether the regional differences in mobility reflect spatial sorting or their independent role. To isolate the two, we focus on children whose families moved when they were young. Comparing siblings, looking at moves triggered by displacement shocks, and using historical migrations to predict moving-families’ destinations, we establish that, while selection is considerable, regional exposure effects are at play. An extra year spent in a high-mobility region before the age of 12 (and after 5) significantly raises the likelihood for children of uneducated parents to complete primary school. Overall, the evidence suggests that geographic and historical factors laid the seeds for spatial disparities in IM that are cemented by sorting and the independent impact of regions.

This study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution and agglomeration characteristics of the scale and intensity of carbon emission scale and intensity in 21 low-carbon cities from 2005 to 2016 by kernel density estimations and Moran’s I. Based on the revealed comparative advantage index, environmental protection expenditure and science and technology expenditure are symmetrically treated as green fiscal expenditure proxy variables. Simultaneously, four models are constructed, involving non-time and non-space effect, time effect, spatial effect, and spatiotemporal effect, to investigate the effect of green fiscal expenditure on urban carbon emission. The results demonstrate that: First, the carbon emission scale continues to increase and does not present spatial agglomeration characteristics. Conversely, carbon emission intensity continues to decline and manifests spatial agglomeration heterogeneity. The uncoordinated regional economic development is a primary factor for spatial differences in carbon emission scale and intensity. Second, green fiscal expenditure enhances the effectiveness of emission reduction and generates spatiotemporal effects. In the short term, science and technology expenditure is more effective in carbon reduction than environmental protection expenditure. The former can resolve the emergency. Additionally, due to the radiation-driven effect, the latter has a negative spatial spillover effect. In the long term, environmental protection expenditure consistently restrains carbon emissions, and its reduction effect is sustainable. Third, economy and population are the drivers of carbon emission growth, and the structural effect is greater than the scale effect. An optimized energy structure can achieve carbon reductions. Technological innovation should not be ignored.

We investigate the determinants of regional development using a newly constructed database of 1,569 subnational regions from 110 countries covering 74% of the world’s surface and 97% of its GDP. We combine the cross-regional analysis of geographic, institutional, cultural, and human capital determinants of regional development with an examination of productivity in several thousand establishments located in these regions. To organize the discussion, we present a new model of regional development that introduces into a standard migration framework elements of both the Lucas (1978) model of the allocation of talent between entrepreneurship and work, and the Lucas (1988) model of human capital externalities. The evidence points to the paramount importance of human capital in accounting for regional differences in development, but also suggests from model estimation and calibration that entrepreneurial inputs and possibly human capital externalities help understand the data.

In the process of implementing innovation-driven strategy, it is of great strategic significance to build a digital innovation ecosystem (DIES) with different characteristics and coordinated development. To scientifically measure the development level of China's DIES, the paper conducts an in-depth study on the distribution dynamics, regional differences, and convergence of the development of DIES in China and the four regions. This paper takes the relevant data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2019 as samples, uses the standard deviation ellipse method and Markov chain to characterize their distribution dynamics, uses the Dagum Gini coefficient to analyze their differences, and finally uses the coefficient of variation and spatial panel model to analyze σ convergence and β convergence. This research shows that the development level of China's DIES is generally on the rise, but there is a significant difference between regions, showing a decreasing spatial feature from the core provinces to the peripheral areas that are too far away from the epicenters to compete with the primary economic domain. The differences in the development of the DIES generally show a downward trend, and the differences are mainly regional. However, the DIES development in China and its four regions show both viable and promising convergence characteristics although the convergence speed and trends are different. The innovative contributions of this paper are as follows: quantitatively measure the development level of China’s DIES, scientifically reveal the regional characteristics of the development level of DIES, and identify the sources of regional differences, dynamic evolution trends, and convergence characteristics. It not only makes up for the deficiency of quantitative research on DIES, but also helps to grasp the development status of China's DIES accurately, and provides theoretical support and scientific reference for its policy formulation and development direction.

The paper discusses the effects of the digital economy on high-quality urban development and its mechanism. Theoretically, the digital economy can empower high-quality development by boosting entrepreneurial vitality. Empirically, the paper measures the overall level of the digital economy and high-quality development of the 222 Chinese cities at and above the prefecture level during 2011–2016, depicts the entrepreneurial vitality of the cities with the microscopic data of the business registration information and makes quantitative analysis on this basis. The result shows: Digital economy has remarkably improved high-quality development and this conclusion still exists after the robustness test selecting historical data as the instrumental variables and the Broadband China pilot policy as the quasi experiment. The analysis of the mechanism of action indicates that encouraging public entrepreneurship is an important mechanism of the digital economy to release the dividend of high quality development. Finally, thanks to the threshold model and the spatial model, it is found that the positive effect of the digital economy has the characteristics of nonlinear increment and spatial spillover of the “marginal effects.” The research of the paper stimulates the reasons for high-quality development and the understanding of the effects, mechanisms and regional differences of high-quality development empowered by the digital economy.