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Pitcairn Island as a port of call : a record, 1790-2010
\"This maritime history of the island chronicles every ship that has called at Pitcairn from the time of the arrival of the mutineers in 1790 to December 2010. The ship's log format lists the date of each call, the ship's name, and brief reports of activities during the call\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Diagnostic accuracy in the Swedish national patient register: a review including diagnoses in the outpatient register
Background
The Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) is an important source of data for epidemiological research. A review in 2010 described the validity of recorded diagnoses for inpatient care, but did not include specialised outpatient care.
Method
Using systematic searches of medical literature databases (Embase, Medline), and reports from members of the Swedish Epidemiological Association, we aimed to identify all studies validating diagnoses and procedure codes in inpatient care since 2010 and all studies validating specialised outpatient care. In addition, we summarize findings from register validation work performed by the National Board of Health and Welfare.
Results
The literature search and personal reports generated 3990 non-duplicate original studies, of which 89 were deemed relevant. Compared to data in patient charts (reference), the median positive predictive value (PPV) for diagnostic codes in the NPR was 84% (interquartile range 72–93%), but with clear differences between types of diagnoses. The median PPV for surgical procedures was 97% (86–99%). The median sensitivity of diagnoses and procedures compared to other registers and cohorts was 73% (45–80%). The completeness of the register has improved over time. Missingness originates mainly from underreporting of procedures performed by private healthcare providers, and for certain variables, e.g. medication codes.
Conclusion
The NPR has good diagnostic accuracy for most diagnoses and very good for surgical procedures. The sensitivity is lower. Longitudinal comparisons of incidence or prevalence are affected by changes in completeness. Missingness is low, although it is higher among private healthcare providers and for specific variables such as drug administration.
Journal Article
Bedfordshire Coroners' Rolls
This is a calendar in English of the coroners' rolls for c. 1265-1317 and 1378-1380, held respectively in The National Archives and Gonville and Caius College Cambridge. The introduction explains coroners' duties (which could be varied) and court procedure before focusing on the work of the Bedfordshire coroners. Included are lists of the medieval coroners for Bedfordshire (1230-1478), Bedford (1240-1456), Dunstable (1228-1411) and the Bedfordshire liberties of the Abbot of St. Albans (1287-1326) and Eton College (1451).
The rolls contain cases of murder, assaults and thefts and tragic accidents such as that of five-year-old Joan in 1274 who 'went through Riseley to beg for bread, came to a bridge called Fordebrugge and, as she tried to cross it, fell into the water and drowned.'
Aside from crime, the rolls reveal the conditions of daily life at the poorer level of society, agriculture and the countryside.
eBook
Completeness and correctness of acute myocardial infarction diagnoses in a medical quality register and an administrative health register
Aims: Health registers are used for administrative purposes, disease surveillance, quality assessment, and research. The value of the registers is entirely dependent on the quality of their data. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the completeness and correctness of the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis in the Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Register and in the Norwegian Patient Register. Methods: All Norwegian patients admitted directly to St Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital from 1 July to 31 December 2012 and who had plasma levels of cardiac troponin T measured during their hospitalization (n=4835 unique individuals, n=5882 hospitalizations) were identified in the hospital biochemical database. A gold standard for AMI was established by evaluation of maximum troponin T levels and by review of the information in the medical records. Cases of AMI in the registers were classified as true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative according to the gold standard. We calculated sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: The Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Register had a sensitivity of 86.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 82.8–89.3%), PPV of 97.9% (96.4–99.3%), and specificity of 99.9% and NPV of 98.9% (98.6-99.2%) (99.8–100%). The corresponding figures for the Norwegian Patient Register were 85.8% (95% CI 82.5–89.1%), 95.1% (92.9–97.2%), and 99.7% (99.5–99.8%) and 98.9% (98.6-99.2%), respectively. Both registers had a sensitivity higher than 95% when compared to hospital discharge diagnoses. The results were similar for men and women and for cases below and above 80 years of age. Conclusions: The Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Register and the Norwegian Patient Register are adequately complete and correct for administrative purposes, disease surveillance, quality assessment, and research.
Journal Article
The Portuguese Severe Asthma Registry: Development, Features, and Data Sharing Policies
The Portuguese Severe Asthma Registry (Registo de Asma Grave Portugal, RAG) was developed by an open collaborative network of asthma specialists. RAG collects data from adults and pediatric severe asthma patients that despite treatment optimization and adequate management of comorbidities require step 4/5 treatment according to GINA recommendations. In this paper, we describe the development and implementation of RAG, its features, and data sharing policies. The contents and structure of RAG were defined in a multistep consensus process. A pilot version was pretested and iteratively improved. The selection of data elements for RAG considered other severe asthma registries, aiming at characterizing the patient's clinical status whilst avoiding overloading the standard workflow of the clinical appointment. Features of RAG include automatic assessment of eligibility, easy data input, and exportable data in natural language that can be pasted directly in patients' electronic health record and security features to enable data sharing (among researchers and with other international databases) without compromising patients' confidentiality. RAG is a national web-based disease registry of severe asthma patients, available at asmagrave.pt. It allows prospective clinical data collection, promotes standardized care and collaborative clinical research, and may contribute to inform evidence-based healthcare policies for severe asthma.
Journal Article
The Danish Medical Birth Register
The Danish Medical Birth Register was established in 1973. It is a key component of the Danish health information system. The register enables monitoring of the health of pregnant women and their offspring, it provides data for quality assessment of the perinatal care in Denmark, and it is used extensively for research. The register underwent major changes in construction and content in 1997, and new variables have been added during the last 20 years. The aim was to provide an updated description of the register focusing on structure, content, and coverage since 1997. The register includes data on all births in Denmark and comprises primarily of data from the Danish National Patient Registry supplemented with forms on home deliveries and stillbirths. It contains information on maternal age provided by the Civil Registration System. Information on pre-pregnancy body mass index and smoking in first trimester is collected in early pregnancy (first antenatal visit). The individual-level data can be linked to other Danish health registers such as the National Patient Registry and the Danish National Prescription Registry. The register informs several other registers/databases such as the Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Fetal Medicine Database. Aggregated data can be publicly accessed on the Danish Health Data Authority web page (www.esundhed.dk/sundhedsregistre/MFR). Researchers can obtain access to individual-level pseudoanonymised data via servers at Statistics Denmark and the Danish Health Data Authority.
Journal Article