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A measurement is presented of a ratio observable that provides a measure of the azimuthal correlations among jets with large transverse momentum $$p_{\\textrm{T}}$$ pT. This observable is measured in multijet events over the range of $$p_{\\textrm{T}} = 360$$ pT=360– $$3170\\,\\text {Ge}\\hspace{-.08em}\\text {V} $$ 3170GeV based on data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 $$\\,\\text {Te}\\hspace{-.08em}\\text {V}$$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 134 $$\\,\\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb-1. The results are compared with predictions from Monte Carlo parton-shower event generator simulations, as well as with fixed-order perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) predictions at next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy obtained with different parton distribution functions (PDFs) and corrected for nonperturbative and electroweak effects. Data and theory agree within uncertainties. From the comparison of the measured observable with the pQCD prediction obtained with the NNPDF3.1 NLO PDFs, the strong coupling at the Z boson mass scale is $$\\alpha _\\textrm{S} (m_{{\\textrm{Z}}}) =0.1177 \\pm 0.0013\\, \\text {(exp)} _{-0.0073}^{+0.0116} \\,\\text {(theo)} = 0.1177_{-0.0074}^{+0.0117}$$ αS(mZ)=0.1177±0.0013(exp)-0.0073+0.0116(theo)=0.1177-0.0074+0.0117, where the total uncertainty is dominated by the scale dependence of the fixed-order predictions. A test of the running of $$\\alpha _\\textrm{S}$$ αS in the $$\\,\\text {Te}\\hspace{-.08em}\\text {V}$$ TeV region shows no deviation from the expected NLO pQCD behaviour.

While searching at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the production and decay of the CP-odd scalar ( $$A^0$$ A0) in the 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) with Natural Flavour Conservation (NFC) via the channels $$gg\\rightarrow A^0$$ gg→A0 (through one-loop triangle diagrams) and $$A^0\\rightarrow h^0 Z^*$$ A0→h0Z∗ (with $$m_{h^0} =125$$ mh0=125 GeV or $$m_{h^0} < 125$$ mh0<125 GeV, with Z off-shell), respectively, a factorisation of the two processes is normally performed, with the $$A^0$$ A0 state being on-shell. While this approach is gauge-invariant, it is not capturing the presence of either of the following two channels: $$gg\\rightarrow Z^*\\rightarrow h^0Z^*$$ gg→Z∗→h0Z∗ (through one-loop triangle diagrams) or $$gg\\rightarrow h^0Z^*$$ gg→h0Z∗ (through one-loop box diagrams). As the resolution of the $$A^0$$ A0 mass cannot be infinitely precise, we affirm that all such contributions should be computed simultaneously, whichever the $$h^0$$ h0( $$Z^{*}$$ Z∗) decay(splitting) products, thereby including all possible interferences amongst themselves. The cross section of the ensuing complete process is significantly different from that obtained in the factorisation case, being of the order up to ten percent in either direction at the integrated level and larger (including changes in the shape of kinematical observables) at the differential level. We thus suggest that the complete calculation ought to be performed while searching for $$A^0$$ A0 in this channel. We illustrate this need for the case of a 2HDM of Type-I in the inverted hierarchy scenario with $$m_{h^0}<125$$ mh0<125 GeV.

We determine masses and mixing parameters of the $$\\eta $$ η and $$\\eta ^\\prime $$ η′ meson in lattice QCD. The calculations are carried out on a set of 13 ETMC gauge ensembles with $$N_f=2+1+1$$ Nf=2+1+1 (maximally) twisted-mass Clover-improved quarks. These ensemble cover four values of the lattice spacing $$a=0.057\\,\\textrm{fm},\\ldots ,0.092\\,\\textrm{fm}$$ a=0.057fm,…,0.092fm and pion masses from 140 to $$360\\,\\textrm{MeV}$$ 360MeV, including three ensembles at physical quark masses and six ensembles with $$M_\\pi <200\\,\\textrm{MeV}$$ Mπ<200MeV. The strange-quark contribution is treated in a mixed-action approach using Osterwalder–Seiler fermions to avoid complications due to flavor mixing in the heavy quark sector and to enable the use of the one-end trick in the computation of strange quark-disconnected diagrams. With the strange-quark mass tuned to its physical value and several ensembles having close-to-physical light-quark mass, uncertainties related to the chiral extrapolations are reduced significantly compared to earlier studies. Physical results are computed with fully controlled systematics from a combined chiral, continuum and infinite-volume extrapolation, and a full error budget is obtained from model averages over of various fit ansätze and data cuts. Our results for the masses are given by $$M_\\eta =551(16)\\,\\textrm{MeV}$$ Mη=551(16)MeV and $$M_{\\eta ^\\prime }=972(20)\\,\\textrm{MeV}$$ Mη′=972(20)MeV, respectively, where statistical and systematic errors have been added in quadrature. For the mixing angle and decay-constant parameters the Feldmann–Kroll–Stech scheme is employed to compute them from pseudoscalar matrix elements in the quark-flavor basis. For the mixing angle we obtain $$\\phi ^\\textrm{phys}=39.3(2.0)^\\circ $$ ϕphys=39.3(2.0)∘ and our results for the decay-constant parameters are given by $$f_l^\\textrm{phys}=138.6(4.4)\\,\\textrm{MeV}$$ flphys=138.6(4.4)MeV and $$f_s^\\textrm{phys}=170.7(3.3)\\,\\textrm{MeV}$$ fsphys=170.7(3.3)MeV.

A search is reported for charge-parity $$CP$$ CP violation in $${{{\\textrm{D}}}^{{0}}} \\rightarrow {{\\textrm{K}} _{\\text {S}}^{{0}}} {{\\textrm{K}} _{\\text {S}}^{{0}}} $$ D0→KS0KS0 decays, using data collected in proton–proton collisions at $$\\sqrt{s} = 13\\,\\text {Te}\\hspace{-.08em}\\text {V} $$ s=13TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018. The analysis uses a dedicated data set that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6 $$\\,\\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb-1, which consists of about 10 billion events containing a pair of b hadrons, nearly all of which decay to charm hadrons. The flavor of the neutral D meson is determined by the pion charge in the reconstructed decays $${{{\\textrm{D}}}^{{*+}}} \\rightarrow {{{\\textrm{D}}}^{{0}}} {{{\\mathrm{\\uppi }}}^{{+}}} $$ D∗+→D0π+ and $${{{\\textrm{D}}}^{{*-}}} \\rightarrow {\\overline{{\\textrm{D}}}^{{0}}} {{{\\mathrm{\\uppi }}}^{{-}}} $$ D∗-→D¯0π-. The $$CP$$ CP asymmetry in $${{{\\textrm{D}}}^{{0}}} \\rightarrow {{\\textrm{K}} _{\\text {S}}^{{0}}} {{\\textrm{K}} _{\\text {S}}^{{0}}} $$ D0→KS0KS0 is measured to be $$A_{CP} ({{\\textrm{K}} _{\\text {S}}^{{0}}} {{\\textrm{K}} _{\\text {S}}^{{0}}} ) = (6.2 \\pm 3.0 \\pm 0.2 \\pm 0.8)\\%$$ ACP(KS0KS0)=(6.2±3.0±0.2±0.8)%, where the three uncertainties represent the statistical uncertainty, the systematic uncertainty, and the uncertainty in the measurement of the $$CP$$ CP asymmetry in the $${{{\\textrm{D}}}^{{0}}} \\rightarrow {{\\textrm{K}} _{\\text {S}}^{{0}}} {{{\\mathrm{\\uppi }}}^{{+}}} {{{\\mathrm{\\uppi }}}^{{-}}} $$ D0→KS0π+π- decay. This is the first $$CP$$ CP asymmetry measurement by CMS in the charm sector as well as the first to utilize a fully hadronic final state.

Constructions of the (global) fractal interpolation functions on standard function spaces got a lot of attention in the last centuries. Motivated by the newly introduced local fractal functions corresponding to a local iterated functions system which is the generalization of the traditional iterated functions system we construct the local non-affine $$\\alpha $$ α- fractal functions in this article. A few examples of the graphs of these functions are provided. A fractal operator which takes the classical function to its local fractal counterpart is defined and some of its properties are also studied.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, members of the DarkSide-20k (DS) Dark Matter international experimental collaboration together with engineers, scientists and manufacturers in Italy, Canada, the USA and eight other countries diverted their research efforts to develop MVM, a new readily manufactured, relatively low-cost ventilator tailored to the most severe intubated patients. Using expertise developed for DS, they produced and received authorization for 7300 units delivered to the Canadian government for its stockpile, now being considered for donation to other countries in urgent need. Other members of DS are using photo-electronics innovation to develop 3D $$\\pi $$ π a more sensitive positron emission tomography (PET) scanner that can provide better resolution and reduce doses, of particular value for providing access for pediatric patients.

The single-stranded synthetic oligonucleotide PS2.M is known to provide a basis for developing sensors since it tends to fold into structures called G-quadruplexes (G4) having characteristic topology and orientation with probabilities that depend on the chemical environment. The presence and concentration of cation species are among the key factors that determine the outcome of such a process. PS2.M and other aptamers have been used in several applications in conjunction with various probes, such as hemin, at the cost of increased technical complexity and applicability limitations. We instead validated the application limits of Circular Dichroic spectroscopy (CD) as only measurement method to assay PS2.M as $${\\hbox {K}}^{+}$$ K+ sensor in a variety of solutions having different chemical complexity. The tested solutions range from simple $$\\hbox {NaCl}$$ NaCl and $$\\hbox {KCl}$$ KCl solutions to chemically complex solutions like DMEM—Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium—which is widely used in a biological laboratory. PS2.M was also evaluated in solutions of $${\\hbox {KHCO}}_{3}$$ KHCO3and D-ribose (K:D-rib), an antioxidant potassium compound, to compare its response to the simple $$\\hbox {KCl}$$ KCl solution case. Our findings show that, within specific concentration applicability ranges, CD spectra can estimate the $${\\hbox {K}}^{+}$$ K+ concentration in the examined water solutions even at high $${\\hbox {Na}}{+}$$ Na+ concentrations with respect to $${\\hbox {K}}^{+}$$ K+and in the presence of antioxidant molecules.

T lymphocytes localize within lesions of two diametrically opposed expressions of atherosclerosis: stenosis-producing plaques and ectasia-producing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). TH1 immune responses appear to predominate in human stenotic lesions. However, little information exists regarding the nature of the T-cell infiltrate in AAAs. We demonstrate here that AAAs predominantly express TH2-associated cytokines and correspondingly lack mediators associated with the TH1 response as determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. In particular, aneurysmal tissue expressed interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10, cytokines not or only faintly detected in nondiseased tissue or stenotic atheroma. In contrast, AAAs contained low levels of the TH1 characteristic cytokines IL-2 and IL-15, which are amply expressed in stenotic lesions. Notably, stenotic lesions, but not AAAs, contained mature forms of the interferon-γ-inducing cytokines IL-12 and IL-18 as well as the IL-18-processing enzyme caspase-1. Moreover, aneurysmal tissue lacked the receptor for interferon-γ, although both types of lesions contained this TH1-promoting cytokine. These findings suggest that the functional repertoire of T cells differs in stenotic and aneurysmal lesions, and provide a novel framework for understanding the mechanisms of these diametrically opposite expressions of atherosclerosis.