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Organizations may fail to keep their commitments to their employees, at times leading to psychological contract violation. Although many victims of violation remain with their employer despite such adverse experiences, little research exists on their responses in the aftermath of violation. This paper develops a post-violation model to explain systematically how violation victims respond to and cope with violation and the effects this process has on their subsequent psychological contract. Central to post-violation are the victims’ beliefs regarding the likelihood of violation resolution and the factors affecting it. The model specifies how the victim engages in a self-regulation process that results in an array of potential psychological contract outcomes. Possible outcomes include reactivation of the original pre-violation contract, the formation of a new contract that may be more or less attractive than the original, or a state of dissolution wherein the victim fails to form a functional psychological contract with the employer. The research and practical implications of this model are discussed.

PurposeThis research sought to show that consumers with strong green attitudes modify their consumption criteria, getting them to consider green products as more aligned with their preferences. Utilizing the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and self-regulation theory, this study investigated how consumers’ green attitudes influence their intentions to buy eco-friendly products, both directly and through the mediating role of consumer-green product congruence. Furthermore, to find more specific insights for businesses, drawing on attitude-behavior-context (ABC) theory, this study compared the results between males and females.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate the proposed conceptual model, this study surveyed 272 consumers and analyzed the data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of Smart-PLS 4.0 software.FindingsThe results indicated that consumers with green attitudes have higher intentions to buy green products, both directly and through the mediating role of consumer-green product congruence. While, in contrast to women, no significant direct relationship between men’s green attitude and their green purchase intentions was observed, we found a stronger mediating role for green-product congruence among males than females.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that fostering consumers’ green attitudes not only enhances consumers’ perceived alignment with green products but also significantly increases their intentions to purchase eco-friendly products. Furthermore, a comparison between males and females shows that men only decide to purchase green products when they see an alignment between their preferences and those products. Green attitudes are not sufficient for men to purchase green products. This is among a few studies addressing the above issues from the perspective of TRA, self-regulation theory and ABC theory.

Unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) is unethical behavior driven by an intention to assist an organization. This study is one of the first attempts to examine the consequences of UPB. We argue that such types of behaviors can induce failure in self-regulation and thereby give rise to counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Based on self-regulation theory, we theorize that the breakdown in three fundamental mechanisms (i.e., moral standards, monitoring, and discipline) explains the link between UPB and CWB. Moreover, moral identity internalization can temper these breakdown processes such that employees with higher levels of moral identity internalization are less likely to experience moral disengagement, workplace entitlement, or self-control depleting after enacting UPB, and therefore, will engage in less CWB. We conducted a 7-day experience sampling study of 95 financial service employees in a Chinese bank to test our theoretical model. The results indicated that transgressions committed with the intention of helping the organization would ultimately harm the organization, especially for those with lower moral identity internalization. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Leaders enact justice in a workplace that is often replete with various political dynamics such as goal conflicts, cliques, and differential treatments. Understanding how and when workplace politics influence leaders’ justice rule adherence is theoretically and practically important. In this paper, we conceptualize the workplace as a political arena and adopt moral self-regulation theory to explore how and when leaders’ perceptions of team politics (PTP) impact their justice rule adherence. We hypothesize that leaders’ PTP prompts them to justify subordinates-directed unjust behaviors, which in turn reduces their justice rule adherence. Furthermore, we hypothesize that leaders’ high construal level mitigates the negative effect of PTP on justice rule adherence. We conduct three studies to examine our theoretical model at both the within- and between-person levels. Results from two interval-based experience sampling studies (within-person) and one time-lagged scenario-based experiment (between-person) demonstrate consistent support for our hypotheses. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and managerial implications of our research.

We investigate the justifications provided by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) when sanctioning audit firms and individual auditors, as disclosed in the publicly released Settled Disciplinary Orders (SDOs). Employing responsive regulation theory, we seek to gain an understanding of violating behaviors by audit firms and individual auditors that attract regulatory responses ranging in nature from persuasive to punitive sanctions. Using 298 SDOs issued by the PCAOB from 2005 to 2020, we find that the frequency and severity of PCAOB sanctions at the firm level are positively associated with auditing standards violations, independence issues, and reckless behavior. At the individual auditor level, integrity violations and reckless behavior are positively associated with the frequency and severity of PCAOB sanctions. Our findings indicate that significantly higher financial penalties for individual auditors (audit firms) arise from manipulation of audit evidence (quality control criticisms). Further, the PCAOB financially penalizes Big 4-affiliated auditors and firms significantly more than their non-Big 4 counterparts. Other factors such as multiple individuals being implicated in an SDO and whether a firm and individual(s) are both implicated in the SDO are important considerations in sanction(s) imposed by the PCAOB. Overall, our findings suggest that the PCAOB adopts a responsive enforcement strategy when monitoring the auditors in their ethical and audit compliance efforts.

Smoking is one of the leading causes of non-communicable disease mortality and morbidity. Smoking behaviour is determined by both stable, person-level (e.g., motivation, nicotine dependence) and variable, situation-level factors (e.g., urges, cues). However, most theoretical approaches to understanding health behaviours so far have not integrated these two spheres of influence. Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) integrates these person-level and situation-level factors, but has not yet been comprehensively applied to predicting smoking behaviour. We use Ecological Momentary Assessment to examine the utility of TST in predicting daily smoking. 46 smokers reported individual and environmental cues right after smoking and at random time points during the day. Cognitions, self-control, past behaviour, and nicotine dependence were assessed at baseline. Multi-level logistic regressions show that smoking is largely guided by momentary cues, but individual motivation can buffer their influence. This suggests that TST is a useful integrative approach to understand modifiable determinants of smoking and thus intervention targets.

The study examines how program-induced mood and a five-second countdown warning affect reception of midroll video commercials. Building on mood regulation theory, findings from three studies suggest that program-induced moods and five-second countdowns systematically influence advertising effectiveness. When the main program is tragic (comedic) and when a countdown precedes (does not precede) the midroll ad, viewers have more positive attitudes toward the ad and purchase intentions. The findings are replicated in realistic (Study 1) and controlled (Studies 2A and 2B) settings.

This study employs Identity Regulation Theory (IRT) to investigate how identity-related psychological tensions, such as identity incongruence and dissonance, influence the discontinuation intentions of social media users. Using a cross-sectional survey of 294 active users via Prolific Academic, structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships among these tensions, platform fatigue, and discontinuation. Results show neither tension directly affects discontinuation, but both influence it through platform fatigue. This offers a new perspective on the psychological costs of social media, with fatigue serving as a key mediator in transforming identity tension into discontinuation intent. The paper adds to IRT research and helps firms understand why users leave social media.

Aim To determine the effect of emotional intelligence skills training on work–family conflict based on self‐regulation theory in nurses. Design Mixed‐method study with sequential‐explanatory design. Methods The quasi‐experimental part was done on 102 nurses in control and intervention groups. In the qualitative section, in‐depth individual interviews were conducted with 8 participants, and data were extracted using the content analysis method. Results The average total score of emotional intelligence in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the control group. But the findings did not show a significant difference in the average scores of work–family conflicts before and after the intervention in groups. The analysis of the findings from the interview showed that several factors explain the lack of effectiveness of emotional intelligence training in reducing work–family conflict. Conclusion The findings of the quantitative and qualitative parts of the study showed that the training of emotional intelligence was useful for individuals, but the fact that it could reduce the work–family conflict might be due to some other factors, e.g., individuals, family and workplace as well. Patient or Public Contribution No patient or member of the public contributed to the study findings, and the study was conducted only on the population of nurses.

Purpose This paper aims to conceptualize a framework drawn upon the self-regulation theory to study the effect of system quality features on the continuous usage intention of social network users. The study explores the relationship among the selected variables and identifies the determinants of continuous usage intention of social networks. Design/methodology/approach A survey method was used to collect data from 301 male and 311 female social network users to test the research model with the help of the structural equation modelling technique. Findings The results show a difference between male and female social media users for the continuous usage intention of social networks. A substantial difference in the relationship was seen between the attitude and continuous usage intention, where female social network users had a more robust and significant relationship than their male counterparts. Originality/value This study uses the self-regulation theory to understand the continuous usage intention of social networks in the Indian context. This research study contributes to the existing literature on social networks/social media and the adoption intention.