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Human perceivers continually react to the social world implicitly—that is, spontaneously and rapidly. Earlier research suggested that implicit impressions of other people are slower to change than self-reported impressions in the face of contradictory evidence, often leaving them miscalibrated from what one learns to be true. Recent work, however, has identified conditions under which implicit impressions can be rapidly updated. Here, we review three lines of work showing that implicit impressions are responsive to information that is highly diagnostic, believable, or reframes earlier experience. These findings complement ongoing research on mechanisms of changing implicit impressions in a wider variety of groups, from real people to robots, and provide support for theoretical frameworks that embrace greater unity in the factors that can impact implicit and explicit social cognition.

This study is based on the analysis of the ancient Greek myth of Ulysses, which has been reproduced in various reinterpretations over time. However, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the myth of Ulysses in the vision of three important Romanian writers: Lucian Blaga, Ilarie Voronca and Marin Sorescu. To be more specific, the work will focus on the hypostases in which the protagonist of the Odyssey is outlined in the verses of these writers. We will notice during the research that, in the case of each writer mentioned above, Ulysses acquires personal nuances with an impressive note of originality.

Emotions are an indispensable part of our mental life. The term emotion regulation refers to those processes that influence the generation, the experience and the expression of emotions. There is a great variety of strategies to regulate emotions efficiently, which are used in daily life and that have been investigated by cognitive neuroscience. Distraction guides attention to a secondary task. Reinterpretation, a variant of cognitive reappraisal, works by changing the meaning of an emotional stimulus. Detachment, another reappraisal strategy, refers to distancing oneself from an emotional stimulus, thereby reducing its personal relevance. Expressive Suppression modifies the behavioral or physiological response to an emotional stimulus. These four strategies are not equally effective in terms of emotion regulation success and have been shown to partly rely on different neuronal systems. Here, we compare for the first time the neural mechanisms of these typical strategies directly in a common functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm of downregulation of negative emotions. Our results indicate that three of those strategies (Detachment, Expressive Suppression and Distraction) conjointly increase brain activation in a right prefronto-parietal regulation network and significantly reduce activation of the left amygdala. Compared to the other regulation strategies, Reinterpretation specifically recruited a different control network comprising left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal gyrus and was not effective in downregulation of the amygdala. We conclude that Detachment, Distraction and Expressive Suppression recruit very similar emotion regulation networks, whereas Reinterpretation is associated with activation of a qualitatively different network, making this regulation strategy a special one. Notably, Reinterpretation also proved to be the least effective strategy in neural terms, as measured by downregulation of amygdala activation. •We analyze the neural mechanisms of four emotion regulation strategies.•Detachment, reinterpretation, and expressive suppression activate DLPFC and IPC.•Reinterpretation recruited left ventrolateral PFC and orbitofrontal gyrus.•Reinterpretation was not effective in downregulation of the amygdala.•Reinterpretation is a special emotion regulation strategy.

This study examines the historical traces and socio-political dynamics of the Bugis-Makassar community after the Makassar War which was marked by the signing of the Bungaya Treaty in the 17th century. Using a sociological, political and historical method approach that includes heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, this study attempts to deconstruct the dominant narrative that has so far represented a colonial perspective. The findings show that the Bungaya Treaty was not merely a peace agreement between the VOC and the Gowa Sultanate, but rather a hegemonic instrument that was systematically enforced against the kingdoms in South Sulawesi. Rejection of the contents of the agreement was responded to with military violence by the VOC which then triggered a broad socio-political transformation. Reinterpretation of the Bungaya Treaty event reveals four main dynamics; First, the collapse of the free trade system due to the VOC monopoly and the prohibition of shipping for Makassarese; Second, the strengthening of the supremacy of colonial power as stated in Article 20 of the Bungaya Treaty; Third, the Bugis-Makassar diaspora as a form of political and cultural resistance; and fourth, there was a shift in the power structure in South Sulawesi which was marked by the emergence of Bugis political dominance, especially Boné and Soppéng under the leadership of Arung Palakka. This research recommends to re-interpret the Bungaya Agreement of 1667, not as a final defeat, but as a catalyst for political transformation and cultural resilience of the Bugis-Makassar people.

In the consciousness of language users, there is an inherent awareness of an elaborated word­formative system, which was well­documented in the second half of the 20th century. However, each derivatologist knows very well that apart from phenomena which are strongly representative of this system, its order is disturbed by various processes. The first one in the order of precedence is the lexical factor – words which arise in accordance with the derivation­related rules are fused with the bulk of the lexicon and they are subject to the same transformations as the non­derived lexemes. But there may arise a discrepancy between the word form and the motivating word due to the semantic shift manifested by one of these elements. Then, the phenomena of occur which regulate the relations between the founding and the founded word. In the next part of the article, the author discusses borrowings from foreign languages which also disturb the order of the word­formation system, for as a rule, meanings of borrowed nouns refer to the name of an action and the name of the performer of an action. However, in Slavic languages, the foundations of these categories feature verbal instead of nominal elements. In that case, there arise verbs, usually in ­ , and then – the process of occurs. The word formation system is also disturbed by processes which apply to the sphere of inflexion. The article discusses – resultative departicipial adjectives in ­

Purpose: The present paper aims to highlight how manufacturing expansions under conditions of increasing returns, which involve the growth of intermediate goods specializations, support advanced service employment. In addition, the increasing use of manufacturing products in services highlights additional, new service sector employment opportunities. Design/methodology/approach: This paper investigates (1) the manufacturing and service interactions and (2) the investment behaviour in manufacturing using Auto-Regressive Distributed lags (ARDL) and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models. The models allow for different specifications to study whether investment behaviour in manufacturing supports dynamic manufacturing and service interactions. Findings: The results underpin how Kaldorian manufacturing as an engine of growth is still relevant in Indian growth and is key to achieving higher advanced employment, export-orientation and services and manufacturing nexus outcomes. What matters, though, is that manufacturing investments are to be guided mainly by intermediate goods specializations. The slowdown of these specializations, explaining the slowdown of manufacturing investment, is therefore, a concern. Originality/value: A reinterpretation of manufacturing as an engine of growth in which primacy is given to investment behaviour in technical progress functions that can support the growth of specializations in manufacturing and such specialized service employment.

The evolving evidence base for the interpretation of variants identified in genetic and genomic testing has presented the genetics community with the challenge of variant reinterpretation. In particular, it is unclear whether an ethical duty of periodic reinterpretation should exist, who should bear that duty, and what its dimensions should be. Based on an analysis of the ethical arguments for and against a duty to reinterpret, we conclude that a duty should be recognized. Most importantly, by virtue of ordering and conducting tests likely to produce data on variants that cannot be definitively interpreted today, the health-care system incurs a duty to reinterpret when more reliable data become available. We identify four elements of the proposed ethical duty: data storage, initiation of reinterpretation, conduct of reinterpretation, and patient recontact, and we identify the parties best situated to implement each component. We also consider the reasonable extent and duration of a duty, and the role of the patient’s consent in the process, although we acknowledge that some details regarding procedures and funding still need to be addressed. The likelihood of substantial patient benefit from a systematic approach to reinterpretation suggests the importance for the genetics community to reach consensus on this issue.

Islam as the religion of ra ḥ mah li al-‘âlamin has the dimension of law-setting based on the conditions of time and place of law will be determined. The law that Rasulullah set in a ḥ adîth is inseparable from geographical, sociological, and historical conditions lied behind it. The dynamics of interpretation science help the reinterpretation of a ḥ adith to produce a law that is actual and in accordance with the conditions but not out of the rules of Qur’an, because Qur’an indeed is as the main legal source in Islam. This paper is to describe the interpretation of the ḥ adîth about the corpse being tortured by the tears of his family (Muslim 1536) with Paul Ricoeur's interpretation approach. Author comes to the conclution that the use of the word bukâ’ in the matan of ḥ adîth means corpse actually got tortured because of the hysterical cry of his family who bemoaned over it. As for the historical aspects of this ḥ adîth when Rasulullah saw the Jews weep for his family who died with hysterical cry. Thus, the point of emphasis of the ḥ adîth is a way of responding those who grieve. If the attitude is excessive until hysterical wailing for days, then it includes an inappropriate attitude that is not even recommended in the Qur'an.

79In two experiments, we examined the role of gesture in reinterpreting a mental image. In Experiment 1, we found that participants gestured more about a figure they had learned through manual exploration than about a figure they had learned through vision. This supports claims that gestures emerge from the activation of perception-relevant actions during mental imagery. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether such gestures have a causal role in affecting the quality of mental imagery. Participants were randomly assigned to gesture, not gesture, or engage in a manual interference task as they attempted to reinterpret a figure they had learned through manual exploration. We found that manual interference significantly impaired participants' success on the task. Taken together, these results suggest that gestures reflect mental imaginings of interactions with a mental image and that these imaginings are critically important for mental manipulation and reinterpretation of that image. However, our results suggest that enacting the imagined movements in gesture is not critically important on this particular task.