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\"Assisted reproduction challenges and reinforces traditional understandings of family, kinship and identity. Sperm, egg and embryo donation and surrogacy raise questions about relatedness for parents, children and others involved in creating and raising a child. How socially, morally or psychologically significant is a genetic link between a donor-conceived child and their donor? What should children born through assisted reproduction be told about their origins? Does it matter if a parent is genetically unrelated to their child? How do experiences differ for men and women using collaborative reproduction in heterosexual or same-sex couples, single parent families or co-parenting arrangements? What impact does the wider cultural, socio-legal and regulatory context have? In this multidisciplinary book, an international team of academics and clinicians bring together new empirical research and social science, legal and bioethical perspectives to explore the key issue of relatedness in assisted reproduction\"-- Provided by publisher.

Research summary: The dominant view has been that businesses that are more related to each other are more often combined within diversified firms. This study uses a dynamic model to demonstrate that, with inter‐temporal economies of scope, diversified firms are more likely to combine moderately related businesses than the most‐related businesses. That effect occurs because strong relatedness reduces redeployment costs and makes firms redeploy all resources to better performing businesses. The strength of that effect depends on inducements for redeployment measured as the current return advantage of one business over another business, volatilities of business returns, and correlation of those returns. This study develops hypotheses for those relationships and suggests empirical operationalizations, encouraging empiricists to retest the implications of relatedness for the dynamics of corporate diversification. Managerial summary: It is believed that diversified firms are more likely to combine more‐related businesses because relatedness enables sharing of resources between businesses. Indeed, a firm can apply knowledge created in one business to another business, avoiding costly duplication in knowledge development. Resource sharing also adds value when a firm offers several products, adding the convenience of one‐stop shopping and charging higher prices. However, resource sharing is not the only motivation for corporate diversification. In environments where profitability of businesses changes frequently, firms diversify by redeploying part of resources from an underperforming business to a better performing business. This study uses a dynamic model to demonstrate that, with that second motivation for corporate diversification, firms end up combining moderately related businesses rather than the most‐related businesses. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Employees’ felt neglect by their employer signals to them that their employer violates ethics of care, and thus, it diminishes employee perceptions of work meaning. Drawing upon work meaning theory, we adopt a relationship-based perspective of felt neglect and its downstream outcome— reduction in organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose and test a core relational mechanism— relatedness need frustration (RNF)—that transmits the effect of felt neglect onto work meaning. A four-wave survey study of 111 working employees in the USA demonstrated that employees’ felt neglect had negative implications for their work meaning and subsequent OCB due to their RNF. Our findings contribute to research on ethics of care and work meaning theory and stress the importance of work meaning amid crises. In addition, our findings suggest steps that employers can take to mitigate employees’ felt neglect (a violation of ethics of care) and its negative ramifications.

Deletions of pfhrp2 and paralogue pfhrp3 (pfhrp2/3) genes threaten Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis by rapid diagnostic test. We examined 1,002 samples from suspected malaria patients in Djibouti City, Djibouti, to investigate pfhrp2/3 deletions. We performed assays for Plasmodium antigen carriage, pfhrp2/3 genotyping, and sequencing for 7 neutral microsatellites to assess relatedness. By PCR assay, 311 (31.0%) samples tested positive for P. falciparum infection, and 296 (95.2%) were successfully genotyped; 37 (12.5%) samples were pfhrp2+/pfhrp3+, 51 (17.2%) were pfhrp2+/pfhrp3–, 5 (1.7%) were pfhrp2–/pfhrp3+, and 203 (68.6%) were pfhrp2–/pfhrp3–. Histidine-rich protein 2/3 antigen concentrations were reduced with corresponding gene deletions. Djibouti P. falciparum is closely related to Ethiopia and Eritrea parasites (pairwise GST 0.68 [Ethiopia] and 0.77 [Eritrea]). P. falciparum with deletions in pfhrp2/3 genes were highly prevalent in Djibouti City in 2019–2020; they appear to have arisen de novo within the Horn of Africa and have not been imported.

Most of the world's population in developed regions lives in urban areas, with this proportion growing annually. A key question regarding this trend is the effects that reduced contact with nature may have on human well-being and functioning. In this paper, we propose to evaluate, using the empirical literature, the hypothesis that human beings have a basic psychological need for nature relatedness. This proposition could have positive benefits for human well-being, the way we design human environments and communities, and the natural environment itself if properly evidenced; however, to date, no article has evaluated the extant literature for such a purpose. The objective of this paper is to use previous conceptualisations of basic psychological needs, and the criteria proposed by Baumeister and Leary (1995) and Sheldon (2011) to critically examine whether enough evidence exists to support this proposition. Research from diverse research areas are reviewed, with conclusions drawn for each criterion as well as for the overall literature. In general, research supports the proposition for a basic psychological need for nature relatedness, with stronger evidence pointing to the idea of this as a need-as-requirement than a need-as-motive, though both are well-evidenced. La population mondiale des régions développées vit majoritairement en zone urbaine, et cette proportion croît d'année en année. La principale question concernant cette tendance a trait aux effets éventuels du contact réduit avec la nature sur le mieux-être et le fonctionnement humain. Dans le présent article, nous proposons d'évaluer, au regard des écrits empiriques, l'hypothèse voulant que les êtres humains aient un besoin psychologique fondamental de liaison avec la nature. Cette proposition, si elle est dûment étayée, pourrait avoir des effets positifs sur le mieux-être humain, sur la façon dont nous concevons les collectivités et les milieux humains, ainsi que sur l'environnement naturel. Or, à ce jour, aucun article n'a évalué les publications existantes dans un tel objectif. Le présent article vise à utiliser les conceptualisations établies des besoins psychologiques de base ainsi que les critères proposés par Baumeister et Leary (1995) ainsi que Sheldon (2011) pour examiner de manière critique s'il existe suffisamment de preuves pour étayer cette proposition. La recherche effectuée dans divers domaines sera examinée, et des conclusions seront tirées pour chaque critère, ainsi que pour la documentation dans son ensemble. De manière générale, la recherche confirme la proposition voulant que l'humain ait un besoin psychologique fondamental de liaison avec la nature. Des preuves mieux étayées semblent indiquer qu'il s'agit d'un besoin motivé par la nécessité plutôt que par la volonté, même si ces deux possibilités sont bien démontrées.

The paper develops a needs–affordances–features (NAF) perspective on social media use which posits that individuals’ psychological needs motivate their use of social media applications to the extent to which these applications provide affordances that satisfy these needs. Our theoretical development builds upon two psychological theories, namely self-determination and psychological ownership, to identify five psychological needs (needs for autonomy, relatedness, competence, having a place, and self-identity), that we posit are particularly pertinent to social media use. According to NAF, these psychological needs will motivate use of those social media applications that provide salient affordances to fulfill these needs. We identify such affordances through a comprehensive review of the literature and of social media applications and put forth propositions that map the affordances to the psychological needs that they fulfill. Our theory development generates important implications. First, it has implications for social media research in that it provides an overarching comprehensive framework for the affordances of social media as a whole and the related psychological needs that motivate their use. Future studies can leverage NAF to identify psychological needs motivating the use of specific social media sites based on the affordances the sites provide, and design science research can leverage NAF in the design and bundling of specific social media features to engage users. Second, it has implications for technology acceptance research in that NAF can enrich existing models by opening up the mechanisms through which psychological needs influence user perceptions of social media and their use patterns and behaviors. Finally, NAF provides a new lens and common vocabulary for future studies, which we hope can stimulate cumulative research endeavors to develop a comprehensive framework of information systems affordances in general and the psychological needs that information systems satisfy.

Previous research on mergers and acquisitions has neglected the issue of speed of postmerger integration by and large. This paper argues that there are benefits and detriments associated with speed of integration. Thus, in some situations speed may be highly beneficial whereas in others it may be harmful to the success of a merger or acquisition. It is argued that the benefits and detriments of speed of integration depend on the magnitude of internal and external relatedness between the merging firms prior to the merger or acquisition. Results from a survey of 232 horizontal mergers and acquisitions show that speed is most beneficial when external relatedness is low and at the same time internal relatedness is high. In contrast, speed is highly detrimental in the case of low internal and high external relatedness.

Objective This article aims to compare adult sibling ties of stepsiblings to the ties of full and half‐siblings in divorced families, widowed families, and single‐parent families. Background Siblings are one of the most stable sources of attachment and companionship over the life course and function as important providers of practical and emotional support when going through important life transitions. Due to a steep rise in divorce over the past decades and accompanied increases in remarriage and multipartner fertility, many adults nowadays not only have full siblings, but also half‐siblings and stepsiblings. Method Using a new module on adult sibling relationships and random‐ and fixed‐effects modeling (OKiN, N = 4506 dyads nested in N = 1742 respondents), we examine the quality of full, half, and stepsibling ties in adulthood and test the main mechanisms driving a potential stepgap in sibling ties: (1) the (absence) of a shared genetic relatedness and (2) the amount of time shared in the same parental household. Results The weaker bonds adults, on average, have with their stepsiblings compared to their biological (full and half) siblings are largely explained by the shorter period of time they have lived together during childhood. Nevertheless, a substantial gap remains. Conclusion Our results confirm that a stepgap in sibling closeness, contact, and support is visible, but substantially reduced once shared time is considered.

A large body of literature has explored the determinants of manufacturing structural change, but little has highlighted industrial relatedness. This study probes the impact of technological and vertical relatedness on manufacturing structural rationalisation and advancement by constructing a panel data model with province and year fixed effects using data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019. The empirical results show that manufacturing structural change differs based on industrial relatedness. Specifically, at the national level, technological relatedness can promote both structural rationalisation and advancement within manufacturing. Vertical relatedness holds a negative effect on structural rationalisation and no significant effect on structural advancement. Besides, the effects of industrial relatedness exhibit regional heterogeneity. In coastal China, technological relatedness can still promote structural rationalisation and advancement. Vertical relatedness has no significant effect on structural rationalisation and a negative effect on structural advancement. In inland China, governmental supports help break the dependency of regional manufacturing structural change on industrial relatedness, and the establishment of development zones restrains structural rationalisation within manufacturing. This study offers insights for policymakers to adopt different approaches to support local manufacturing development, depending on the characteristics of regional manufacturing structural evolution.

Distributional semantic models derive computational representations of word meaning from the patterns of co-occurrence of words in text. Such models have been a success story of computational linguistics, being able to provide reliable estimates of semantic relatedness for the many semantic tasks requiring them. However, distributional models extract meaning information exclusively from text, which is an extremely impoverished basis compared to the rich perceptual sources that ground human semantic knowledge. We address the lack of perceptual grounding of distributional models by exploiting computer vision techniques that automatically identify discrete “visual words” in images, so that the distributional representation of a word can be extended to also encompass its co-occurrence with the visual words of images it is associated with. We propose a flexible architecture to integrate text- and image-based distributional information, and we show in a set of empirical tests that our integrated model is superior to the purely text-based approach, and it provides somewhat complementary semantic information with respect to the latter.