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"Religion and science -- Italy -- History -- 17th century"
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Retrying Galileo, 1633–1992
In 1633, at the end of one of the most famous trials in history, the Inquisition condemned Galileo for contending that the Earth moves and that the Bible is not a scientific authority. Galileo's condemnation set off a controversy that has acquired a fascinating life of its own and that continues to this day. This absorbing book is the first to examine the entire span of the Galileo affair from his condemnation to his alleged rehabilitation by the Pope in 1992. Filled with primary sources, many translated into English for the first time, Retrying Galileo will acquaint readers with the historical facts of the trial, its aftermath and repercussions, the rich variety of reflections on it throughout history, and the main issues it raises.
eBook
On trial for reason : science, religion, and culture in the Galileo affair
In 1633 the Roman Inquisition condemned Galileo as a suspected heretic for defending the astronomical theory that the earth moves, and implicitly assuming the theological principle that Scripture is not scientific authority. This controversial event has sent ripples down the centuries, embodying the struggle between a thinker who came to be regarded as the Father of Modern Science, and an institution that is both one of the world's greatest religions and most ancient organizations. The trial has been cited both as a clear demonstration of the incompatibility between science and religion, and also a stunning exemplar of rationality, scientific method, and critical thinking. Much has been written about Galileo's trial, but most works argue from a particular point of view - that of secular science against the Church, or justifying the religious position. Maurice Finocchiaro aims to provide a balanced historical account that draws out the cultural nuances. Unfolding the intriguing narrative of Galileo's trial, he sets it against its contemporary intellectual and philosophical background. In particular, Finocchiaro focuses on the contemporary arguments and evidence for and against the Earth's motion, which were based on astronomical observation, the physics of motion, philosophical principles about the nature of knowledge, and theological principles about the authority and the interpretation of Scripture. Following both sides of the controversy and its far-reaching philosophical impact, Finocchiaro unravels the complex relationship between science and religion, and demonstrates how Galileo came to be recognised as a model of logical reasoning.
BOOK
The Case of Galileo
The \"Galileo Affair\" has been the locus of various and opposing
appraisals for centuries: some view it as an historical event
emblematic of the obscurantism of the Catholic Church, opposed
a priori to the progress of science; others consider it a
tragic reciprocal misunderstanding between Galileo, an arrogant and
troublesome defender of the Copernican theory, and his theologian
adversaries, who were prisoners of a narrow interpretation of
scripture. In The Case of Galileo: A Closed Question?
Annibale Fantoli presents a wide range of scientific,
philosophical, and theological factors that played an important
role in Galileo's trial, all set within the historical progression
of Galileo's writing and personal interactions with his
contemporaries. Fantoli traces the growth in Galileo Galilei's
thought and actions as he embraced the new worldview presented in
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres , the
epoch-making work of the great Polish astronomer Nicolaus
Copernicus.
Fantoli delivers a sophisticated analysis of the intellectual
milieu of the day, describes the Catholic Church's condemnation of
Copernicanism (1616) and of Galileo (1633), and assesses the
church's slow acceptance of the Copernican worldview. Fantoli
criticizes the 1992 treatment by Cardinal Poupard and Pope John
Paul II of the reports of the Commission for the Study of the
Galileo Case and concludes that the Galileo Affair, far from being
a closed question, remains more than ever a challenge to the church
as it confronts the wider and more complex intellectual and ethical
problems posed by the contemporary progress of science and
technology. In clear and accessible prose geared to a wide
readership, Fantoli has distilled forty years of scholarly research
into a fascinating recounting of one of the most famous cases in
the history of science.
eBook
Old earth
In the summer of 1601, Galileo Galilei made a discovery in the mountains of Eastern Italy . For more than 400 years the secret of what he discovered has been guarded by a small group of people, willing to do everything in their power to keep these discoveries from being made. But now, a university dig in Montana headed by paleontologists Quinn McCauley and Katrina Alpert threatens to expose the secret Galileo unearthed, the event that caused him to turn his study to the stars, and the hidden reason the scientist was convicted of heresy by the Inquisition.
BOOK
Witchcraft and Inquisition in Early Modern Venice
In early modern Europe, ideas about nature, God, demons and occult forces were inextricably connected and much ink and blood was spilled in arguments over the characteristics and boundaries of nature and the supernatural. Seitz uses records of Inquisition witchcraft trials in Venice to uncover how individuals across society, from servants to aristocrats, understood these two fundamental categories. Others have examined this issue from the points of view of religious history, the history of science and medicine, or the history of witchcraft alone, but this work brings these sub-fields together to illuminate comprehensively the complex forces shaping early modern beliefs.
eBook
Setting Aside All Authority
Setting Aside All Authority is an important account and analysis of seventeenth-century scientific arguments against the Copernican system. Christopher M. Graney challenges the long-standing ideas that opponents of the heliocentric ideas of Copernicus and Galileo were primarily motivated by religion or devotion to an outdated intellectual tradition, and that they were in continual retreat in the face of telescopic discoveries.
Graney calls on newly translated works by anti-Copernican writers of the time to demonstrate that science, not religion, played an important, and arguably predominant, role in the opposition to the Copernican system. Anti-Copernicans, building on the work of the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, were in fact able to build an increasingly strong scientific case against the heliocentric system at least through the middle of the seventeenth century, several decades after the advent of the telescope. The scientific case reached its apogee, Graney argues, in the 1651 New Almagest of the Italian Jesuit astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli, who used detailed telescopic observations of stars to construct a powerful scientific argument against Copernicus. Setting Aside All Authority includes the first English translation of Monsignor Francesco Ingoli's essay to Galileo (disputing the Copernican system on the eve of the Inquisition's condemnation of it in 1616) and excerpts from Riccioli's reports regarding his experiments with falling bodies.
eBook
Plague and Lethal Epidemics in the Pre-Industrial World
This article provides an overview of recent literature on plagues and other lethal epidemics, covering the period from late Antiquity to ca. 1800. We analyze the main environmental and institutional factors that shaped both the way in which a plague originated and spread and its overall demographic and socioeconomic consequences. We clarify how the same pathogen shows historically different epidemiological characteristics, and how apparently similar epidemics could have deeply different consequences. We discuss current debates about the socioeconomic consequences of the Black Death and other plagues. We conclude with historical lessons to understand modern “plagues.”
Journal Article