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"Remote Sensing Technology"
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An introduction to ocean remote sensing
\"Fully updated, with significant new coverage of advances in satellite oceanography and results from new satellite missions, the second edition of this popular textbook introduces students to how remote sensing works, how to understand observations from Earth-observing systems, and the observations' importance to physical and biological oceanography. It provides full explanations of radiative transfer, ocean surface properties, satellite orbits, instruments and methods, visible remote sensing of biogeochemical properties, infrared and microwave retrieval of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity retrieval, passive microwave measurements, scatterometer wind retrieval, altimetry and SAR. This new edition now also includes descriptions of the online archives where data can be obtained, and where readers can obtain online tools for working with the data - enabling hands-on engagement with real-world observations. This is an ideal textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students taking courses in oceanography, remote sensing and environmental science, and provides a practical resource for researchers and Earth science professionals working with oceanographic satellite data\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Applicability of personal laser scanning in forestry inventory
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has been widely used in forestry surveys in the form of airborne laser scanning (ALS), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and mobile laser scanning (MLS). The acquisition of important basic tree parameters (e.g., diameter at breast height and tree position) in forest inventory did not solve the problem of low measurement efficiency or weak GNSS signal under the canopy. A personal laser scanning (PLS) device combined with SLAM technology provides an effective solution for forest inventory under complex conditions with its light weight and flexible mobility. This study proposes a new method for calculating the volume of a cylinder using point cloud data obtained by a PLS device by fitting to a polygonal cylinder to calculate the diameter of the trunk. The point cloud data of tree trunks of different thickness were modeled using different fitting methods. The rate of correct tree trunk detection was 93.3% and the total deviation of the estimations of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was -1.26 cm. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the estimations of the extracted DBH and the tree position were 1.58 cm and 26 cm, respectively. The survey efficiency of the personal laser scanning (PLS) device was 30m2/min for each investigator, compared with 0.91m2/min for the field survey. The test demonstrated that the PLS device combined with the SLAM algorithm provides an efficient and convenient solution for forest inventory.
Journal Article
Environmental remote sensing and systems analysis
\"Preface: In the last few decades, rapid urbanization and industrialization have altered the priority of environmental protection and restoration of air, soil, and water quality many times. Yet it is recognized that the sustainable management of human society is necessary at all phases of impact from the interactions between energy, environment, ecology, public health, and socioeconomic paradigms. The multidisciplinary nature of this concern for sustainability is truly a challenging task that requires employing a systems analysis approach. Such a systems analysis approach links several disciplinary areas with each other to promote the concept of sustainable management. Just as a sophisticated piece of music involves many different instruments played in unison, systems analysis requires a holistic viewpoint and a plethora of tools in sensing, monitoring, and modeling that have to be woven together to explore the state and function of air, water, and land resources at all levels. With the aid of systems analysis, this comprehensive collection includes a variety of research work that results from years of experience and that reflects the contemporary advances of remote sensing technologies. This unique publication presents and applies the most recent synergy of remote sensing technologies that will advance the overall understanding of the sensitivity of key environmental quality issues in relation to human perturbations. These perturbations can be caused by collective or individual impacts of economic development and globalization, population growth and migration, and climate change on atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic environmental systems\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Wireless pulmonary artery haemodynamic monitoring in chronic heart failure: a randomised controlled trial
Results of previous studies support the hypothesis that implantable haemodynamic monitoring systems might reduce rates of hospitalisation in patients with heart failure. We undertook a single-blind trial to assess this approach.
Patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III heart failure, irrespective of the left ventricular ejection fraction, and a previous hospital admission for heart failure were enrolled in 64 centres in the USA. They were randomly assigned by use of a centralised electronic system to management with a wireless implantable haemodynamic monitoring (W-IHM) system (treatment group) or to a control group for at least 6 months. Only patients were masked to their assignment group. In the treatment group, clinicians used daily measurement of pulmonary artery pressures in addition to standard of care versus standard of care alone in the control group. The primary efficacy endpoint was the rate of heart-failure-related hospitalisations at 6 months. The safety endpoints assessed at 6 months were freedom from device-related or system-related complications (DSRC) and freedom from pressure-sensor failures. All analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov, number
NCT00531661.
In 6 months, 83 heart-failure-related hospitalisations were reported in the treatment group (n=270) compared with 120 in the control group (n=280; rate 0·31
vs 0·44, hazard ratio [HR] 0·70, 95% CI 0·60–0·84, p<0·0001). During the entire follow-up (mean 15 months [SD 7]), the treatment group had a 39% reduction in heart-failure-related hospitalisation compared with the control group (153
vs 253, HR 0·64, 95% CI 0·55–0·75; p<0·0001). Eight patients had DSRC and overall freedom from DSRC was 98·6% (97·3–99·4) compared with a prespecified performance criterion of 80% (p<0·0001); and overall freedom from pressure-sensor failures was 100% (99·3–100·0).
Our results are consistent with, and extend, previous findings by definitively showing a significant and large reduction in hospitalisation for patients with NYHA class III heart failure who were managed with a wireless implantable haemodynamic monitoring system. The addition of information about pulmonary artery pressure to clinical signs and symptoms allows for improved heart failure management.
CardioMEMS.
Journal Article
Geoinformation : remote sensing, photogrammetry, and geographic information systems
\"Preface In the 1990s, surveying and mapping underwent a transition from disciplineoriented technologies, such as geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry, and cartography, to the methodology-oriented integrated discipline of geoinformatics. This is based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), or GPS, positioning, remote sensing, digital photography for data acquisition, and a geographic information system (GIS) for data manipulation and data output. This book attempts to present the required basic background for remote sensing, digital photogrammetry, and GIS in the new geoinformatics concept in which the different methodologies must be combined. For remote sensing, the basic fundamentals are the properties of electromagnetic radiation and their interaction with matter. This radiation is received by sensors and platforms in an analogue or digital form, and is subject to image processing. In photogrammetry, the stereo concept is used for the location of information in 3D. With the advent of high-resolution satellite systems in stereo, the theory of analytical photogrammetry restituting 2D image information into 3D is of increasing importance, merging the remote sensing approach with that of photogrammetry. The result of the restitution is a direct input into geographic information systems in vector or raster form. The fundamentals of these are described in detail, with an emphasis on global, regional, and local applications. In the context of data integration, a short introduction to the GPS satellite positioning system is provided. This book will appeal to a wide range of readers from advanced undergraduates to all professionals in the growing field of geoinformation\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Build a global Earth observatory
Markku Kulmala calls for continuous, comprehensive monitoring of interactions between the planet’s surface and atmosphere.
Markku Kulmala calls for continuous, comprehensive monitoring of interactions between the planet’s surface and atmosphere.
Journal Article
GIS fundamentals
\"Aimed at readers with a knowledge of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) but no formal training in computer science, this book provides a clear and accessible introduction to how GIS store and process spatial data. This updated edition includes two new chapters on databases and future developments, substantial additional material on raster imagery, and revisions throughout that incorporate up-to-date applications such as GPS on mobile devices and Internet-based services. The chapter on future technologies includes discussions of 3D GIS, handling time in GIS, spatial SQL, and handling imprecise geographies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The SPOTLIGHT virtual audit tool: a valid and reliable tool to assess obesogenic characteristics of the built environment
Background
A lack of physical activity and overconsumption of energy dense food is associated with overweight and obesity. The neighbourhood environment may stimulate or hinder the development and/or maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. To improve research on the obesogenicity of neighbourhood environments, reliable, valid and convenient assessment methods of potential obesogenic characteristics of neighbourhood environments are needed. This study examines the reliability and validity of the SPOTLIGHT-Virtual Audit Tool (S-VAT), which uses remote sensing techniques (Street View feature in Google Earth) for desk-based assessment of environmental obesogenicity.
Methods
A total of 128 street segments in four Dutch urban neighbourhoods – heterogeneous in socio-economic status and residential density – were assessed using the S-VAT. Environmental characteristics were categorised as walking related items, cycling related items, public transport, aesthetics, land use-mix, grocery stores, food outlets and physical activity facilities. To assess concordance of inter- and intra-observer reliability of the Street View feature in Google Earth, and validity scores with real life audits, percentage agreement and Cohen's Kappa (k) were calculated.
Results
Intra-observer reliability was high and ranged from 91.7% agreement (k = 0.654) to 100% agreement (k = 1.000) with an overall agreement of 96.4% (k = 0.848). Inter-observer reliability results ranged from substantial agreement 78.6% (k = 0.440) to high agreement, 99.2% (k = 0.579), with an overall agreement of 91.5% (k = 0.595). Criterion validity was substantial to high for most of the categories ranging from 87.3% agreement (k = 0.539) to 99.9% agreement (k = 0.887) with an overall score of 95.6% agreement (k = 0.747).
Conclusion
These study results suggest that the S-VAT is a highly reliable and valid remote sensing tool to assess potential obesogenic environmental characteristics.
Journal Article
The Internet of Things comes to the lab
At the heart of the smartLAB, says project leader Sascha Beutel, who is at the Institute of Technical Chemistry of Leibniz University in Hanover, is a laboratory information system to which all lab components will be connected and controlled, from 'intelligent', self-cleaning lab benches to smart safety goggles that can project chemical safety information and augmente d-re ality displays. Sensors can monitor temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide and oxygen levels, as well as vibration, light intensity and mass air flow.
Journal Article