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Nigerian is currently threatened by the quantity of waste plastics in its major cities. However, waste plastics has been a menace to the Nigerian environs (land and water) majorly and contributed to flood disasters and other environmental degradation events which has ed to severe health risk. In view of this, the study aims to assess the waste plastics in Nigeria for electric power generation. The study devised two strategies (incentive-based approach, and the Extended Producer's Responsibility (EPR)) for the collection of waste plastics from the environment. This study is focused on the incineration of waste plastics with energy recovery; hence the proximate and ultimate analyses were carried out to determine the Higher Heat Value (HHV) and the Lower Heat Value (LHV) as well as to estimate the Power Generation Potential (PGP) The empirical results show that the HHV was evaluated as 568.96 kcal/kg and, the LHV was evaluated as 561.55 kcal/kg. Again, the power generation potential (PGP) was enumerated using 100 tons of waste plastics and 4.83 million tons (81% of inadequately managed plastics) to arrive at about 0.6MW and 29,000MW respectively. This study contributes to the iterature on the problems of waste plastics in Nigeria. Furthermore, it is ikely to be a sustainable solution to the backlog of waste plastics in the environment and a supplementary solution to the erratic electric power supply. The results show that the quantity of waste plastics in Nigeria is ikely to generate enough electricity to complement the existing source of power supply

En este estudio se puede conocer una forma eficiente de gestionar los residuos plásticos obteniendo combustibles; se desarrolla el proceso de Pirólisis de Poetilentereftalato, Polietileno de Alta Densidad y Poliestireno, residuos plásticos de mayor generación dentro de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; en la investigación se determina que el residuo que mayor porcentaje de fracción líquida produce es el Poliestireno. Sin embargo, de acuerdo a los análisis el de mejor calidad es el Polietileno de Alta Densidad considerado como crudo mediano. De acuerdo a los análisis de cromatografía, esta investigación demuestra que las fracciones líquidas del proceso de pirólisis de residuos plásticos contienen sustancias que forman parte de los combustibles y petróleos, lo que nos confirma que estamos obteniendo combustibles líquidos de características semejantes a los tradicionales y que se pueden usar para generar energía en motores de combustión.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para a reciclagem dos plásticos provenientes de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Os materiais foram separados por tipos e, em seguida, moídos, lavados, secos e posteriormente moldados por extrusão A 180oC, seguidoS da moldagem por injeção nas temperaturas de 180, 190 e 200oC. Os plásticos PP, PS, PEAD e uma mistura de plásticos não-identificados (PEAD, PEBD, PP e PS) foram avaliados quanto à densidade, pureza, propriedades mecânicas e termomecânica (MFI). Os resultados mostraram que os plásticos reciclados apresentam boa performance quanto às propriedades mecânicas, indicando que podem ser utilizados na fabricação de peças que não exigem especificações técnicas. O material composto pela misturas de plásticos apresentou propriedades semelhantes ao PEAD, entretanto com a vantagem de apresentar maior resistência à flexão. Quanto à temperatura de injeção, concluímos que ela não influenciou significativamente na faixa de 180 a 190oC nas propriedades mecânicas.

The production of fiberglass reinforced plastic composite parts may cause serious damages to the health of workers and/or the environment, especially due to the generation of process trimmings, noise level and gas emission.  In view of that, this essay aims at assessing the main impacts of the Molding and Finish processes of an automotive plant on the environment and occupational health. It was observed that the open molding method adopted by the studied plant is the main cause of the generation of residues and that the waste of raw materials as trimmings may reach up to 30%. The final destination of those trimmings, which represent 45% of all the residues generated by the factory, is the industrial landfill. It was also observed that, due to the use of open molds, the levels of styrene and fiber dust were above the tolerance limits, presenting risks to the health of the workers.  Therefore, the studied company should consider the possibility of adopting less aggressive technologies, such as that used in closed molds. The reduction of the negative impacts of the productive processes in their source should be part of the company’s policy. Furthermore, the prevention must be continuous and improved every day.

This book examines the conversion of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals useful as fuels or raw materials. It also describes the alternatives in areas including chemical depolymerization, thermal processes, oxidation and hydrogenation. Besides conventional treatments, new technological approaches for the degradation of plastics, such as conversion under supercritical conditions and coprocessing with coal, are discussed. In addition, it has been recently updated with 24 digitized graphs covering boiling point, atom distribution, dehydrochlorination, and more

The problems caused by synthetic plastics have motivated the use of other materials. This research consisted of taking advantage of the banana peel and cellulose from the pseudostem of this plant to obtain a bioplastic. Dry milling was applied to extract the flour and an acid-alkaline treatment for the cellulose. The elaboration of the thermoplastic material did with a mixture design where fixed amounts of shell flour (5 g), 15% NaOH (5 mL), and water (4 mL), varying the concentrations of the plasticizers, which were glycerol and sorbitol. In two of the formulations, was added as filler 0,5 g of cellulose. The bioplastic obtained was characterized according to its thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), tension force (TF), break time (bt), and biodegradability. The type of plasticizer and the cellulose content did not affect the thickness of the bioplastic, but it did affect the WVP, TF, and bt. WVP decreases when glycerin is used and increases with the addition of cellulose. The best result for WVP was 1,83 x 10-9 g/Pa.s.m in the formulation where only was used glycerol, while the best values for TF, bt, and biodegradability were 2,4 MPa, 17 seconds, and 37,77%, respectively, with 75% sorbitol and 25% glycerol. Expanding the study of the best formulations would allow their use as a replacement for synthetic plastics.

El artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre alternativas de bajo impacto ambiental para el reciclaje de poliestireno expandido a nivel mundial, basado en el uso de recursos naturales y los impactos ambientales asociados a estos. El impacto ambiental de cada técnica se determinó por medio de la construcción de una matriz en Excel® donde se registró la frecuencia de empleo de: (I) técnica primaria, secundaria o terciaria, (II) los recursos naturales usados y (III) los compartimientos ambientales afectados. Se consultaron fuentes primarias que abordan el tema del tratamiento del poliestireno expandido a nivel mundial. Se encontró que las mejores técnicas para el reciclaje del poliestireno son la primaria y terciaria específicamente trituración manual y uso de solventes verdes como d-limoneno y p-cimeno, para dejar en últimas posiciones a los tratamientos secundario y terciario, métodos de aglutinamiento y generación de energía, respectivamente.

The article presents a bibliographic review on alternatives of low environmental impact for the recycling of expanded polystyrene worldwide, based on the use of natural resources and the environmental impacts associated with them. The environmental impact of each technique was determined through the construction of an Excel matrix where the frequency of use of: (I) primary, secondary or tertiary techniques, (II) natural resources used and (III) environmental compartments affected. Primary sources that address the issue of expanded polystyrene treatment worldwide were consulted. It was found that the best techniques for the recycling of polystyrene are primary and tertiary specifically manual crushing and use of green solvents such as d-limonene and p-cymene, to leave the secondary and tertiary treatments in last positions, agglutination and generation methods of energy respectively. El artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre alternativas de bajo impacto ambiental para el reciclaje de poliestireno expandido a nivel mundial, basado en el uso de recursos naturales y los impactos ambientales asociados a estos. El impacto ambiental de cada técnica se determinó por medio de la construcción de una matriz en Excel® donde se registró la frecuencia de empleo de: (I) técnica primaria, secundaria o terciaria, (II) los recursos naturales usados y (III) los compartimientos ambientales afectados. Se consultaron fuentes primarias que abordan el tema del tratamiento del poliestireno expandido a nivel mundial. Se encontró que las mejores técnicas para el reciclaje del poliestireno son la primaria y terciaria específicamente trituración manual y uso de solventes verdes como d-limoneno y p-cimeno, para dejar en últimas posiciones a los tratamientos secundario y terciario, métodos de aglutinamiento y generación de energía, respectivamente.

The present work was developed with the aim of creating a digital twin applied to a machine responsible for cutting plastic waste, such as burrs or necks, from bottles produced by blow molding processes. The use of a digital twin allows for the virtual simulation of the machine's behavior, optimizing the cutting process and improving operational efficiency. The study focused on the integration of sensors, data modeling, and simulations. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in process efficiency, which contributed to the automation of the production line and a reduction in material waste El presente trabajo fue desarrollado con el fin de crear un gemelo digital aplicado a una máquina encargada del corte de residuos plásticos, como rebabas o cuellos, en botellas producidas mediante procesos de soplado. La utilización de un gemelo digital permite la simulación virtual del comportamiento de la máquina, optimizando el proceso de corte y mejorando la eficiencia operativa. El estudio se centró en la integración de sensores, modelado de datos y simulaciones. Los resultados demostraron una mejora significativa en la eficiencia del proceso, lo que contribuyó a la automatización de la línea de producción y a una disminución de desperdicio material.