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Discerning experts : the practices of scientific assessment for environmental policy
\"Discerning Experts assesses the assessments that many governments rely on to help guide environmental policy and action. Through their close look at environmental assessments involving acid rain, ozone depletion, and sea level rise, the authors explore how experts deliberate and decide on the scientific facts about problems like climate change. They also seek to understand how the scientists involved make the judgments they do, how the organization and management of assessment activities affects those judgments, and how expertise is identified and constructed.\"--cover
Book
A Data-Based Assessment of Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States
Doctoral education, a key component of higher education in the United States, is performing well. It educates future professors, researchers, innovators, and entrepreneurs. It attracts students and scholars from all over the world and is being emulated globally. This success, however, should not engender complacency.
A Data-Based Assessment of Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States provides an unparalleled dataset that can be used to assess the quality and effectiveness of doctoral programs based on measures important to faculty, students, administrators, funders, and other stakeholders. This report features analysis of selected findings across six broad fields: agricultural sciences, biological and health sciences, engineering, physical and mathematical sciences, social and behavioral sciences, and humanities, as well as a discussion of trends in doctoral education since the last assessment in 1995, and suggested uses of the data. It also includes a detailed explanation of the methodology used to collect data and calculate ranges of illustrative rankings.
eBook
Retrieval strategy and possible explanations for the abnormal growth of research publications: re-evaluating a bibliometric analysis of climate change
Climate change and global warming have attracted more and more attention from countries all over the world. A recent study published in Scientometrics has evaluated the changing dynamics of climate change-related research publications via a bibliometric analysis and further probed the relationship between climate change-related research output and carbon dioxide emissions. We try to re-evaluate the bibliometric analysis section of the mentioned study and provide three improvement suggestions related to data source, search field and search query respectively. Besides, some new explanations have also been offered for the abnormal increase of research outputs indexed by Web of Science Core Collection in specific years such as 1991. These suggestions and explanations will provide important references for future various bibliometric analyses and research evaluation.
Journal Article
Is there a “difference-in-difference”? The impact of scientometric evaluation on the evolution of international publications in Egyptian universities and research centres
Adopting scientometric evaluation in the context of academic promotion has been one of the recent reforms in Egyptian higher education geared towards boosting scientific excellence and global exposure. This type of evaluation awards higher points to works published in Web of Science journals. The objective here is to investigate the hypothesis that this procedure leads to the intensification of international publications and shifts in publication patterns in Egyptian universities compared to research centres that are not subject to the regulations employing this type of evaluation. The requisite research data were extracted from Clarivate's InCites for 45 universities and 43 research centres from 1996 to 2021 and analysed using the difference-in-difference approach. The findings show a generally positive effect on WoS publications. That is, significant differences are observed for all variables examined for universities (total publications, subjects, types, and journal quartiles), whereas this evaluation had some spillover effects on research centres. This proves the significance of the evaluation in fostering international productivity. The outputs would be of interest to policy-makers who are planning to promote and broaden the scope of this novel technique in research assessment. The present study may also stimulate future comparisons with other countries applying this type of evaluation.
Journal Article
Altmetrics and societal impact measurements: Match or mismatch? A literature review
Can alternative metrics (altmetrics) data be used to measure societal impact? We wrote this literature overview of empirical studies in order to And an answer to this question. The overview includes two parts. The first part, \"societal impact measurements\", explains possible methods and problems in measuring the societal impact of research, case studies for societal impact measurement, societal impact considerations at funding organizations, and the societal problems that should be solved by science. The second part of the review, \"altmetrics\", addresses a major question in research evaluation, which is whether altmetrics are proper indicators for measuring the societal impact of research. In the second part we explain the data sources used for altmetrics studies and the importance of field-normalized indicators for impact measurements. This review indicates that it should be relevant for impact measurements to be oriented towards pressing societal problems. Case studies in which societal impact of certain pieces of research is explained seem to provide a legitimate method for measuring societal impact. In the use of altmetrics, field-specific differences should be considered by applying field normalization (in cross-field comparisons). Altmetrics data such as social media counts might mainly reflect the public interest and discussion of scholarly works rather than their societal impact. Altmetrics (Twitter data) might be especially fruitfully employed for research evaluation purposes, if they are used in the context of network approaches. Conclusions based on altmetrics data in research evaluation should be drawn with caution.
Journal Article
Effective strategies that enhance the social impact of social sciences and humanities research
Background We are witnessing increasing demand from governments and society for all sciences to have relevant social impact and to show the returns they provide to society. Aims and objectives This paper reports strategies that promote social impact by Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) research projects. Methods An in-depth analysis of six Social Sciences and Humanities research projects that achieved social impact was carried out to identify those strategies. For each case study, project documents were analysed and qualitative fieldwork was conducted with diverse agents, including researchers, stakeholders and end-users, with a communicative orientation. Findings The strategies that were identified as contributing to achieving social impact include a clear focus of the project on social impact and the definition of an active strategy for achieving it; a meaningful involvement of stakeholders and end-users throughout the project lifespan, including local organisations, underprivileged end-users, and policy makers who not only are recipients of knowledge generated by the research projects but participate in the co-creation of knowledge; coordination between projects’ and stakeholders’ activities; and dissemination activities that show useful evidence and are oriented toward creating space for public deliberation with a diverse public. Discussion and conclusions The strategies identified can enhance the social impact of Social Sciences and Humanities research. Furthermore, gathering related data, such as collaboration with stakeholders, use of projects’ findings and the effects of their implementation, could allow researchers to track the social impact of the projects and enhance the evaluation of research impact.
Journal Article