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"Research and development"
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Environmental pollution and energy research and development: an Environmental Kuznets Curve model through quantile simulation approach
Energy research and development (R&D) and environmental sustainability is often referred to as two interrelated trends, especially in the current context of the 4
th
industrial revolution. As a primary input of energy innovations, R&D in the energy sector constitutes a vital tool in addressing global environmental and energy challenges. In this frame, we observe the effects of disaggregated energy R&D on environmental pollution within the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework in thirteen developed countries over the period 2003–2018. By employing the panel quantile regression technique, we find an inverted U-shaped nexus between economic growth and carbon emissions only in higher carbon-emitting countries, thus, confirming the EKC hypothesis. However, the U-shaped nexus is more predominant in lower carbon-emitting countries. As such, we demonstrate that there is not any single dynamic in the relationship between economic growth and pollution as reported in previous studies. Contrary to expectations, we find that energy efficiency research and development is more effective in curbing carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels and renewable energy research and development. The empirical results indicate also that only energy efficiency R&D mitigates significantly the CO
2
emissions from the 50
th
quantile up to 90
th
quantile, although the magnitude of the negative sign is more pronounced (in absolute term) at the highest quantile (90th). In this light, our findings would guide policymakers in the establishment of sustainable energy research and development schemes that will allow the preservation of equilibrium for the environment while also promoting energy innovations.
Journal Article
Community resilience, universities and engaged research for today's world
\"The increasing development of partnerships between universities and communities allows the research of academics to become engaged with those around them. This book highlights several case studies from a range of disciplines, such as psychology, social work and education to explore how these mutually beneficial relationships function. Engaged research can enhance community resilience due to the necessity of focusing on a local setting, the centrality of trust and exploring the boundaries between universities, industries and the community.\"--Page [4] of cover.
Book
The effect of energy R&D expenditures on CO2 emission reduction: estimation of the STIRPAT model for OECD countries
Energy innovations are critical to combating global warming and climate change. In this context, we focus on the impact of energy research–development (R&D) expenditures, which are the input of energy innovations, on CO
2
emissions. For this purpose, we investigate the effect of disaggregated energy R&D expenditures on CO
2
emission in 19 high-income OECD countries over the period 2003–2015. The dynamic panel data method is followed for empirical analysis. The results of the study show that R&D expenditures for energy efficiency and fossil energy have an increasing effect on CO
2
emissions. Contrary to expectations, there is no significant relationship between renewable energy R&D expenditures and CO
2
emissions. Remarkably, there is strong evidence that the power and storage R&D expenditures have a reducing effect on CO
2
emissions. In light of the empirical findings, policy implications and recommendations to potential readers and authorities are further discussed.
Journal Article
Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions
Using a large and unique patent-merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.
Journal Article
The effects of research and development and financial development on CO2 emissions: evidence from selected WAME economies
Earth is in the Anthropocene era and humankind deteriorates the global environment; thus, there is a dire need for sustainable policies at all levels. This study investigates the causal and long-run association between financial development, research and development expenditures, and carbon dioxide emission including energy intensity and income level for selected West Asia and Middle East (WAME) economies along the belt and road. The long-run panel estimation findings reveal that the research and development expenditures (R&D) are negatively associated with environmental degradation, as they significantly mitigate carbon emissions. In contrast, financial development contributes to environmental degradation. The findings validated the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon for the WAME economies considering R&D and financial development. Further, energy intensity exacerbates environmental quality. Additionally, the findings from Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) causal approach reveal bidirectional causal associations between financial development and carbon emissions and between R&D and emissions. The findings have implications for policy and practice to attain environmental sustainability in the selected WAME countries.
Journal Article
Toward a more perfect university
Cole \"identifies the ways America's great universities should evolve in the decades ahead to maintain their global preeminence and enhance their intellectual stature and social mission as higher education confronts the twenty-first-century developments in technology, humanities, culture, and economics\"--Dust jacket flap.
Book
Revisiting Research and Development Expenditures and Trade Adjusted Emissions: Green Innovation and Renewable Energy R&D Role for Developed Countries
Research and development’s role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is crucial. More specifically, to achieve a sustainable environment, the role of environment-related research and development expenditures, along with renewable energy research and development, is also important. This study focuses on the sustainable development perspective and the role of a sustainable environment via building a knowledge-based economy. A knowledge-based economy is more research and development oriented, and its role is undeniable in ensuring sustainable development. The current study focuses on the role of general research and development, environmental research and development, and cleaner energy research and development perspective for developed economies from 1989 to 2021. The study evaluated the role of research and development expenditures for the environment and cleaner energy on consumption-based carbon emissions along with political risk, income, green innovation, exports, and imports. The study used novel panel methods for econometric analysis. The study found that research and development expenditures for the environment and cleaner energy help limit carbon emissions. Moreover, reducing political risk, increasing green innovation, renewable energy consumption, and exports are also linked inversely with carbon emissions. In contrast, imports and income are deteriorating factors for consumption-based carbon emissions. The study recommends increasing research and development expenditures, encouraging green innovation, and limiting political risk for sustainable development.
Journal Article