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This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the Traditional Chinese version of the EQual rubric, a vital tool for assessing the quality of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) in healthcare education. The healthcare professional’s educational model increasingly emphasizes competency-based education (CBE), necessitating standardized evaluation tools. EPAs provide a framework for this approach, highlighting the need for robust assessment instruments. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, this study translated and validated the Traditional Chinese EQual rubric in the context of developing EPA programs for clinical research nurses (CRNs) and oncology nurses (ONs). Four senior CRNs and four ONs served as raters. The research was conducted in three phases: First, the EQual rubric was translated from English to Traditional Chinese using a standardized process, followed by back-translation by two bilingual experts. A consensus meeting finalized the translation. Second, content validation involved three experts assessing the rubric’s clarity and applicability. Finally, the internal consistency reliability of the EQual rubric was evaluated with eight raters. The Traditional Chinese EQual rubric demonstrated strong content validity and acceptable inter-rater reliability, with a high scale-level content validity index indicating robust expert agreement, affirming its applicability in educational settings. The successful translation and validation of the EQual rubric in Traditional Chinese establish it as a reliable assessment tool for evaluating the quality of EPAs in healthcare education, significantly contributing to CBE and underscoring the importance of culturally relevant evaluation instruments.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the educational pathways and responsibilities of research nurses in Europe, particularly focusing on their essential role in conducting research in clinical settings, including clinical trials, while adhering to ethical and regulatory standards. Research nurses play a crucial role in clinical research settings, especially in clinical trials, ensuring adherence to ethical and regulatory standards. Understanding their educational pathways and responsibilities is essential for promoting consistency and quality in research practices across Europe. Between October and November 2022, relevant European nursing education authorities, including those focused on research nursing, were contacted to participate in an online cross-sectional survey. The survey aimed to gather information about research nurse education and training in their respective countries. The study followed a cross-sectional design. Contacts were made with European nursing education authorities based on recommendations from the VACCELERATE National Coordinators and the VACCELERATE Site Network. Participating organizations were invited to complete an online survey regarding research nurse education in their countries. Responses were obtained from 37 European countries, a response rate of 74%. The most common terms used to refer to nurses involved in clinical trials and epidemiological studies were \"study nurse\" (62%) and \"clinical research nurse\" and \"research nurse” (43% each). The requirements to become a research nurse varied across countries, with a nursing degree necessary in 87% of countries and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) courses mandatory in 81%. Local providers of research nurse courses existed in 84% of countries, coordinated by online organisations (51%) or universities/hospitals (46%). The most common tasks assigned to research nurses were the administration of investigational medicinal products (from 78% in observational studies to 89% in phase IV trials) and blood sample processing (84% in phase II and IV trials). This study provides valuable insights into research nurse education and tasks in European countries. It highlights the need for standardisation to enhance consistency and quality of training across Europe.

The characteristics and duties of clinical research nurses (CRNs) are constantly developing and changing with the progress of medical technology and increasing needs in patient care. With the continuous deepening and standardization of clinical trials, the importance and status of CRNs during the whole process of clinical trials are also increasingly valued. A scoping review of studies related to the characteristics and duties of CRNs was conducted to clarify relevant roles and concepts. An electronic search was conducted on three English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) and two Chinese databases (CNKI and Wanfang database) in December 2023. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted information from the included literature, and summarized and reported the findings. A total of 26 articles published between 1991 and 2023 were analyzed, and four characteristics of CRNs were identified as participants and managers of clinical trials, caregivers and protectors of subjects, coordinators of research teams, and educators. Basic knowledge, skills and literacy, communication and coordination ability, and advanced research ability are the competencies required for CRNs. Further studies should focus on the importance of various characteristics of CRNs, so as to improve the quality of clinical trials and promote clinical evidence-based practice.

Objective: To examine the developmental characteristics and trends affecting clinical research nurses (CRNs) in China and provide a reference for the training and employment of nursing talents in this specialty. Methods: Literature pertaining to CRNs published from the year in which the database was constructed to 2020 was searched. The databases used were the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature and Weipu, while CiteSpace software was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature quantity, annual distribution, literature journals and regional distribution, literature authors, subject funding status and literature type and keywords. The characteristics and trends affecting CRNs in China were then evaluated using a descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 3735 pieces of literature were retrieved, and after deduplication and screening, 199 pieces of literature were retained for this study. Overall, the number of publications increased year-on-year. Of these publications, 17 papers (8.5% of the retained papers) were published in the Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing and 9138 papers (69.3%) were published in the top 10 regions according to the location of the first author (of these, 31 [15.6%] were published in Beijing and 42 [21.1%] were funded by scientific research funds). The research fell mainly in the experience summary category, with 107 articles (53.8%) taking this approach. The top five research hotspots were clinical research, good clinical practice (GCP), research nurses, management and clinical trials. The practice and exploration of CRNs were regionalised, accounting for varying degrees of development. CRNs were found to be at the forefront of developments in oncology specialties. Conclusion: In China, CRNs are currently in a period of rapid development. Research into CRNs mainly involves single- centre studies and lacks financial support. In the future, it will be necessary to increase capital investment, strengthen cross-regional cooperation between authors and institutions to narrow the regional development gap, and promote strict and standardised CRN training models and qualification certification to improve the quality of clinical research nursing. Keywords: clinical research nurses, CRNs, clinical trials, bibliometric analysis, CiteSpace, development trends

A long-established approach, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is used to validate measurement models of latent constructs. Employing CFA can be useful for assessing the validity and reliability of such models. The study adapted previous instruments and modified them to suit the current setting. The new measurement model is termed NENA-q. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed the instruments of the NENA-q model formed a construct of the second order with four dimensions, namely organizational contribution (OC), academic institution contribution (AIC), personality traits (PT), and newly employed nurses’ adaptation (NENA). Researchers administered the questionnaires to a sample of 496 newly employed nurses working in hospitals under the Ministry of Health (MOH) for the confirmation of the extracted dimensions. The study performed a two-step CFA procedure to validate NENA-q since the model involves higher-order constructs. The first step was individual CFA, while the second step was pooled CFA. The validation procedure through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) found the model achieved the threshold of construct validity through fitness index assessment. The model also achieved convergent validity when all average variance extracted (AVE) exceeded the threshold value of greater than 0.5. The assessment of the composite reliability (CR) value indicates all CR values exceeded the threshold value of 0.6, which indicates the construct achieved composite reliability. Overall, the NENA-q model consisting of the OC construct, AIC construct, PT construct, and NENA construct for CFA has met the fitness indexes and passed the measurements of the AVE, CR, and normality test. Once the measurement models have been validated through CFA procedure, the researcher can assemble these constructs into structural model and estimate the required parameter through structural equation modelling (SEM) procedure.

Introduction The increasing number of people who use drugs (PWUDs) can be attributed to the rising online sales of drugs and other related substances. Information on drugs and drug markets has also become easily accessible in web‐search engines and social media. Aside from providing direct care, nurses have essential roles in preventing substance use disorder. These roles include health education, liaison, and researcher. Thus, nurses must examine and utilize the Internet, where information and transactions related to these substances are increasing. Design/Methods This study utilized an infodemiological design in exploring the worldwide information utilization for substance use disorder. Data were gathered from Google Trends and Wikimedia Pageview. The data included relative search volumes (RSV), top and rising related queries and topics, and Wikipedia page views between 2004 and 2022. After describing the data, autoregressive integrated mean averaging (ARIMA) models were used to predict future utilization of online information from Google and Wikipedia. Results Google trends ranked 37 countries based on the search volumes for substance use disorder. Ethiopia, Finland, the United States, Kenya, and Canada have the highest RSVs, while the lowest‐ranked country is Turkey, followed by Mexico, Spain, Japan, and Indonesia. Google searches for substance use disorder‐related information increased by more than 900% between 2004 and 2022. In addition, Wikipedia page views for substance use disorder‐related information increased by almost 200% between 2015 and 2022. Based on the ARIMA models, RSVs and page views are predicted to increase by about 150% and 120% by December 2025. Top and rising search‐related topics and queries revealed that the public increasingly utilized online information to understand specific substances and the possible mental health comorbidities related to substance use disorders. Their recent concerns revolved around diagnostics, specific substances, and specific disorders. Conclusion The Internet can be of paradoxical use in substance use disorder. It has been previously reported to be increasingly used in drug trades, contributing to the increasing prevalence of substance use disorder. Likewise, the present study's findings revealed that it is increasingly utilized for substance use disorder‐related information. Thus, nurses and other healthcare professionals should ensure that online information regarding substance use disorders is accurate and up‐to‐date. Clinical Relevance Nurse informaticists can form and lead Internet‐ and social‐media‐based health teams that perform national infodemiological investigations to assess online information. In doing so, they can inform, expand, and contextualize ehealth substance use education and strengthen the accessibility and delivery of substance use healthcare. In addition, public health nurses can collaborate to engage patients and communities in identifying harmful substance use disorder information online and creating culturally‐appropriate messages that will correct misinformation and improve ehealth literacy, specifically in substance use disorder.

Every May, schools and programs of public health across the country hold commencement ceremonies that introduce a new cadre of public health professionals into the workforce. This is a time of both celebration of and reflection on the learning, both in the classroom and in practice-based settings (https://bit.ly/43rZIXS). These newly minted public health professionals will join or rejoin, as the case may be, the ranks of the public health workforce in academia; community-based settings; local-, state-, and tribal-level health departments; federal public health agencies; nonprofit and for-profit organizations; and private foundations. They will become public health practitioners and advocates, researchers, coordinators, nurses, doctors, social workers, and a whole host of other occupations that may not be readily evident as public health-related occupations.1Against the backdrop of this achievement is the recognition that these graduates join the public health workforce during a crucial period. Understanding the current public health landscape that these graduates enter requires recognizing two types of force. First, since the 1988 release of the first IOM (Institute of Medicine; renamed National Academy of Medicine in 2015) report on the future of public health (https:// bit.ly/3TcUpZ1 ), the public health workforce has been both a tool of and key to the evolution of public health infrastructure in the United States. Second, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, those who graduate with a degree in public health are joining the workforce at a time when social, political, economic, technological, and environmental forces have coalesced to undermine trust in public health agencies and magnify failures while minimizing successes. Thus, the strides made in strengthening our public health workforce, the challenges that it faces moving forward, and efforts to overcome these challenges to secure our public health infrastructure merit reflection.

ObjectivesThe aim is to learn about patients' experience of reading the diary, assess attributed meaning and explore patients’ experience and memories during their stay in the intensive care unit.SettingEleven patients who received the diary after a stay in a nine-bed cardiac intensive care unit in Southern Switzerland, from November 2019 to October 2021.Main Outcome MeasuresDescriptive qualitative research was performed using semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis. Three research nurses conducted individual telephone or face-to-face interviews.FindingsFifteen sub-themes emerged from the data interviews and were grouped into five main categories: a) the experience in the intensive care unit; b) Post Intensive Care Syndrome symptoms; c) the patient diary; d) new meaning of life; and e) sharing. Patients showed difficulties in remembering and understanding what happened during the hospitalization period. Reading the diary enabled them to understand the impact that the illness had on their daily experience. For some of them, reading the diary was helpful in reacting positively during moments of discouragement.ConclusionQualitative approach allowed us to assess how patients perceive the diary in the intensive care unit in a cultural context of Central and Southern Europe, which is still poorly investigated. The diary responded to the person's need to know what happened during a period that they had no memory of. Its use demonstrated important benefits, allowing people to understand the impact that the illness had on everyday life. It allowed them to relate to the difficulties encountered during the healing process. Thus, the diary played an important role during the healing process.Implications for clinical practiceThe diary was appreciated by patients during all stages of recovery from severe and acute illness. Gaps within the narration were avoided, in order to provide patients with a better timeline of the events occurred during the time they were unconscious.

Patients and families on Intensive Care Units (ICU) benefit from ICU diaries, enhancing their coping and understanding of their experiences. Staff shortages and a limited amount of time severely restrict the application of ICU diaries. To counteract this limitation, generating diary entries from medical and nursing records using an artificial intelligence (AI) might be a solution. Protocol for a hypothetical multi-center, mixed method study to identify the usability and impact of AI-generated ICU diaries, compared with hand-written diaries. A hand-written ICU diary will be written for patients with expected length of stay ≥ 72 h by trained nursing staff and families. Additionally at discharge, the medical and nursing records are analyzed by an AI software, transformed into understandable, empathic diary entries, and printed as diary. Based on an appointment with patients within 3 months, diaries are read in randomized order by trained clinicians with the patients and families. Patients and families will be interviewed about their experiences of reading both diaries. In addition, usability of diaries will be evaluated by a questionnaire. Patients and families describe the similarities and differences of language and the content of the different diaries. In addition, concerns can be expressed about the generation and data processing by AI. Professional nursing involves empathic communication, patient-centered care, and evidence-based interventions. Diaries, beneficial for ICU patients and families, could potentially be generated by Artificial Intelligence, raising ethical and professional considerations about AI's role in complementing or substituting nurses in diary writing. Generating AI-based entries for ICU diaries is feasible, but raises serious questions about nursing ethics, empathy, data protection, and values of professional nurses. Researchers and developers shall discuss these questions in detail, before starting such projects and opening Pandora’s box, that can never be closed afterwards.