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This article uses evolutionary game theory and system dynamics methods to construct an evolutionary game model involving the government, social capital parties, and residents. It explores the optimal stable strategies and influencing factors for green renovation in old residential areas. The study finds that the optimal stable strategy for the three parties is E8(1,1,1), which means government choice incentives, social capital parties choice green renovation, and residents choice payment participation. Moreover, the choice and rate of behavioral strategies for all three parties depend on the strength of government incentives and penalties.

The urban heat island and dry island effects greatly affect people's physical and mental health, and there is almost no previous research on the actual measurement of heat island and dry island effects in specific climate zones. This article conducts experimental research on heat islands and dry islands in urban residential areas, suburbs, and water parks in mild regions, or in areas with large wetland parks, and sets reasonable building spacing. In residential area construction, natural resources such as mountains, water bodies, and wetlands should be preserved more, and residential areas should be planned around the park as much as possible. The construction of wetland parks helps to create a microenvironment and regulate the heat and moisture balance of residential areas, but the size and distance of wetland parks directly affect their contribution effect.

As global climate change intensifies and energy crises deepen, photovoltaic (PV) applications in cities are increasingly garnering attention worldwide. In this context, retrofitting existing high-density residential areas with PV applications is becoming a focus of urban low-carbon development. As the most densely populated city in Western China, Chengdu is characterized by rapid development and high energy consumption. The widespread application of photovoltaic (PV) systems could significantly alleviate its energy consumption issues. This research investigated the PV application potentials of 27 non-residential areas in high-density residential areas in Chengdu, Sichuan Province from a design perspective and proposed design recommendations for PV applications in these spaces. In addition, this study analyzed urban morphological factors affecting the PV generation potential in non-residential areas through a Pearson correlation. The key factors influencing the PV application potential in these areas were building density (BD), non-residential area perimeter-to-area ratio (NBPAR), and maximum building height (Hmax). This research aims to provide new strategies and methods for the low-carbon transformation of future urban high-density residential areas.

In order to solve the problem of extensive land use in rural residential areas and promote the construction of a new socialist countryside and farmland protection, it is important to graspe the temporal and spatial evolution of rural settlements. In this study, with Beijing as an example, the efficiencies of CLUE-S and Markov-CA models in simulating spatial temporal evolution of rural residential areas are analyzed. With 14 driving factors chosen, the land uses in Beijing in 2000 and 2005 are simulated and predicted using the two models. Grid size of 220 m × 220 m is used. The accuracies and Kappa coefficients of the simulation and prediction results are analyzed and the following conclusions are made. The core part of CLUE-S model is logistic regression, which grants it obvious advantage in capturing the trends of land use changes with more discrete distributions. Meanwhile, Markov-CA model takes neighborhood into consideration, making it relatively more advantageous in simulating and predicting changes of land uses with the character of nearest-neighbor diffusion. However, among various land uses, only urban land use has this character, the correct prediction rates of the CLUE-S model in 2000 and 2005 were 60.99% and 81.35%, respectively, while the accuracy of the Markov-CA model prediction was 51.33% and 73.68%, and it is the main reason that CLUE-S model returns better simulation and prediction results of rural residential areas for both 2000 and 2005 than Markov-CA model.

The quality of outdoor space in residential areas is of great importance to residents. However, the existing studies predominately focus on a certain types of open space. In addition, there is lack of objective quantification. In this study, a novel approach is developed in order to quantify the quality of outdoor space based on the identification of value dimensions and the classification of the open spaces. Firstly, the residential outdoor space is divided into six types of open space. Secondly, the value weights of different open spaces are calculated through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on the data from on-site and online questionnaire survey. Finally, the approach developed in this study was tested in high intensity residential areas. Results of this study helps to better understand the quality of outdoor space in high intensity residential development, hence provides useful inputs for the future planning of such developments.

A slope with soil from soft to medium consistency is at risk of slope failure. This situation occurred in a residential area located Southwest of Jakarta. Due to heavy rainfall, a slope next to an existing road which runs alongside a river experienced slope failure. Three alternatives were considered to prevent occurrence of slope failures. The methods considered were mechanically stabilized earth retaining wall, and sheet pile with two possible positions, i.e., crest of slope or mid-slope. In this paper, the three alternatives are presented. Due to a second slope failure which occurred, sheet pile installed at the crest of the slope was chosen as it provides the quickest installation time to stabilize the slope.

Background and aim Children growing up in vulnerable circumstances have a higher risk of caries experience. Tracking the development of caries in relation to socioeconomic variables over time is essential for fair resource distribution to groups with higher caries risk and to even out inequalities in oral health. The aim was therefore to analyse the association between 6-year-olds´ caries prevalence and socioeconomic variables at family and residential area levels in 2010 and 2019 as well as potential differences in the association between 2010 and 2019. Methods The study design is an epidemiological registry-based, repeated cross-sectional study based on caries data (grouped as 0, 1–3 and > 3 dmft) for the population of 6-year-olds in 2010 ( n  = 4,408, 95% coverage) and 2019 ( n  = 5,199, 94% coverage) in a Swedish region. Multiple socioeconomic variables for the children’s families and residential areas were retrieved from official registries. Multinomial logistic regression was performed at both levels to produce models for each level and studied year. Results The variables that explained most of the association between caries and socioeconomic variables were mainly the same over the years at both levels. At the family level, these were: maternal age when having their first child (explained most of the association in both years, at 30 and 35%, respectively); maternal age when having the child in the study group; parental employment; parental and child’s migration background; maternal educational level; form of housing; and financial assistance (only 2010). At the residential area level, these were: migration background (explained most of the association both years; 82 and 52%, respectively), educational level and number of persons per household. The association between socioeconomic variables and caries was consistently stronger for severe caries (dmft > 3) than moderate (dmft 1–3). Multiple socioeconomic risk variables meant an even greater likelihood of caries. Conclusion Over the studied years, variables related to socioeconomic vulnerability continued to be associated with caries in young children growing up under socially disadvantaged circumstances. Effective efforts for families living in socially vulnerable contexts are needed to achieve good and equal oral health, as is continued follow-up to evaluate whether the goal is reached.

The renovation problem of old residential areas is not only a city management task, but also a major engineering of benefiting the people, which is related to the people living and working in peace and contentment and the improvement of the overall image of the city. In order to improve the appearance of old residential areas in Chinese cities and the living conditions of their residents, city planners must take a scientific and structured approach to renovation. After analyzing current status of the old residential in several major Chinese cities, consulting the literature, and undertaking field investigations, this paper summarizes the main influencing factors on renovation decision-making. We propose five hypotheses, which we test using questionnaire survey data, sample analysis of these influencing factors, and a structural equation model (SEM). The results show that the degree of influence of each factor on renovation decisions ranks as technology being the most influential, followed by the economy, policy, the environment, and society. In addition, we find that there is nonzero correlation between these various factors.

Public green spaces (PGSs) have a positive impact on the health and wellbeing of urban residents. However, their accessibility can be limited due to high urbanisation pressures and inadequate or insufficient regulatory provisions. This problem has been recognised for Central European cities, of which Wrocław is an example, where the provision of PGS accessibility has not received major attention in recent decades, and the planning system has been in constant transformation since the transition from a centrally planned to a free-market economy. This study therefore aimed to examine the distribution and accessibility of PGSs in the expanding area of Wrocław today and upon implementation of the plans under the proposed standards. These analyses were performed using the QGIS application, network analysis, and the ISO-Area as polygon algorithm. The findings revealed a conspicuous lack of available PGSs, which includes areas above 2 ha, such as district and neighbourhood parks. New PGSs are now being planned, but even so, part of the residential areas will remain outside their catchment zone. The results obtained provide strong evidence that it is essential that standards should be a tool implemented in urban planning, and that the adopted procedure can be transferred to other cities.

To improve the development quality of rural residential areas in plain areas requires scientific evaluation. Based on the rural residential area in Hengshui City, Hebei Province, the study selected four indicators of location, production, ecology, and management, to build an evaluation model for the suitability of human settlements and evaluated rural residential areas in Hengshui City. The findings indicated the following: (1) The most suitable areas are mainly concentrated in the geographical center of Hengshui City. The generally suitable areas are mainly distributed in the east of the city. The basic suitable areas are scattered in the west and northeast of the city. The unsuitable areas are mainly concentrated in the north of the city. Most of the area of Hengshui City is suitable for the residence and development of rural residential areas, and 72.86% of rural residential areas are located in suitable areas, which is consistent with the geographical environment characteristics of plain areas. (2) The rural residential areas in unsuitable areas are mainly due to the low income, serious population loss and low urbanization rate, which are in line with the characteristics of rural residential areas. (3) The suitability of human settlements in rural residential areas in plain areas is mainly affected by the per capita agricultural land area, hydrology index, distance to river, distance to country, distance to a slow road, and distance to the fast road are low-level driving factors, of which distance to a fast road has the weakest influence. (4) There is a significant positive correlation between the environmental suitability and the distribution density of rural residential areas. The improvement of the suitability of human settlements can effectively promote the aggregation and distribution of rural residential areas. High-high clustering areas are mainly concentrated in the middle and northeast of Hengshui City, while low-low clustering areas are scattered in the north and southwest of Hengshui City. (5) The location index (LI) and management index (AI) play a limiting role in the suitability of human settlements in the northeast of Hengshui City, and the government should strengthen management intervention and infrastructure construction in the northeast of Hengshui City. The production index (PI) plays a limiting role in the suitability of human settlements in the west of Hengshui City and should consider the improvement of production capacity in the west of Hengshui City. The research results play a vital role in improving the carrying capacity of regional resources and the environment in the plain area, improving rural production, and living conditions, and promoting the development of rural planning in the whole region.