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Background It has been established that chronic resistance exercise contributes to positive changes to bone in older adults. Aims This study evaluated the effect of 6 weeks of resistance exercise with either elastic bands or dumbbells vs. a control period on bone morphology of older adults. Methods Fifty-seven adults (mean ± SD; age = 66.5 ± 7.09 yrs; height = 165.2 ± 10.6 cm; body mass = 74.5 ± 14.6 kg) were randomized into three groups (dumbbell, elastic, or control). Participants underwent a total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for total body and segmental bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) before and following 6-week intervention. Age-matched Z-scores for BMD and BMC were recorded. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVAs and 0.05 significance level. Results BMC arm improved for the dumbbell group ( p  = 0.016) after the training, with no change in BMD for any group ( p  > 0.05). Additionally, significant (time x treatment group) interaction ( p  = 0.024) of age-matched Z-scores indicated an improvement in only the dumbbell group after 6 weeks ( p  = 0.015), with no change in the elastic group despite them having greater Z-scores than the control group. Discussion This study is the first to demonstrate acute normative adaptations as dumbbell-based programs may promote positive maintenance of bone metrics over 6 weeks, despite the lack of significant change in absolute BMC or BMD. Conclusion Adults did not lose relative bone mass with acute exercise using dumbbells as the external load applied and this may lead to positive changes following chronic training. There was no bone-related impact from elastic bands, suggesting a weighted load or force produced relative to gravity is beneficial.

Introduction A cure for osteoarthritis is unknown. However, lessen the discomfort and symptoms by implementing several lifestyle changes and therapies. Reducing discomfort, enhancing joint mobility, and halting more joint injury are the goals of therapy. Purpose To evaluate the combined effect of wax therapy, Ultrasound therapy, Interferential therapy, stretching and resisted exercises when compare to Pulsed shortwave diathermy and resisted exercise among bilateral osteoarthritis knee patients. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial conducted on participant aged above 45 with Bilateral knee osteoarthritis, in the Outpatient Physiotherapy Department, B.K.L Walawalkar Rural Medical Hospital, Sawarde, Maharastra. The outcome measure used were Visual Analoue Scale for pain, Goniometer for bilateral knee flexion and extension Range of Motion, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Result There were significant improvements in the experimental group and control group in terms of the pre-test and post-test scores for the Pain by VAS ( p  = 0.000 < 0.05), average both knee flexion ROM by goniometry ( p  = 0.000 < 0.05), average both knee extension ROM by goniometry ( p  = 0.000 < 0.05), speed 50 Meters (in distance/time) ( p  = 0.000 < 0.05) and WOMAC by physiotherapy ( p  = 0.000 < 0.05). Conclusion The combined effect of Paraffin Wax Therapy, Ultrasound therapy, Interferential therapy, stretching, and resisted exercises in bilateral osteoarthritis knee patients significantly relieved the knee pain with increased knee flexion/extension range of motion, increased speed of walking for 50 m on floor and improved WOMAC Score when compare to pulsed shortwave diathermy with resisted exercises.

[...]exercise plays a major role in controlling as well as preventing the type 2 DM7. recent studies supports well-structured lifestyle modification and more in physical activity and reducing weight contributing in the delayed onset of type 2 DM.8 American diabetes association (ADA) recommends therapeutic strengthening exercise preventing cardiovascular disease which occurs as a complications of diabetes mellitus.9 Study supported uncontrolled type 2 DM leads to development of abnormal plasma lipids and lipoproteins levels leads to development of coronary artery disease and stroke etc.10 Various studies showing evidence of relationship between LDL size and coronary artery disease.11 Exercise gives greater benefit to decrease body fat and to improve lean mass among Type 2 DM. 12 Arora et al (2009) concluded in their study regular exercise can decrease HbA1C levels to 0.6%, whole body vibration therapy is a reason concept shows evidence in decreasing blood glucose level14,15. [...]this study wants to find out the effect of resisted exercise and the wholebody vibration therapy among Type 2 DM in the outcome HbA1C level and lipid profile. First 6 weeks subjects underwent 70% 1 RM with 12 repetitions, followed by 7th- 9th week subject undergone two sets consist of 12 repetitions at 70% 1RM and 10th - 12th week 80% 1RM was performed with three sets consist of 10 repetitions. [...]all the treatment directed to decrease the blood glucose level.

Background: Individual above the age of 60 years belong to the rapidly raising proportion in Indian population. Aging results in decline in the performance of daily activities that rely on the mobility and balance represent a solemn drip in the functional status leading to the risk of institutionalization. Adopting a regular physical activity and targeting the muscle weakness through resistance training would produce greater benefits in this population. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of progressive strength training on balance related confidence and health related quality of life. Study design – Quasi experimental study. Method: This study was conducted in elderly between 60 to 75 years from residential care homes. Nearly 23 participants received progressive strengthening exercises for 8 weeks. The effect of strength training on balance confidence and quality of life were analysed using activity specific balance confidence (ABC) scale and Euro quality of life questionnaire (EQL-5D-5L) respectively. Result: Progressive strength training showed significant improvements in quality of life and balance related self confidence measure in elderly with impaired balance. Conclusion: Engagement of older adults in strengthening activities involving major muscle groups are essential component in elderly rehabilitation to maintain and control the age related wane in physical activity.

Purpose: Burn injury with pre-existing diabetes has poorer outcomes and complications. Balance and functional mobility are disturbed in diabetic patients with burn injury which increase the risk of total morbidity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of vibrational training as an additional intervention on postural balance, balance confidence and functional mobility in type 2 diabetic patients with lower limb burn injury. Patients and Methods: Thirty-eight type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes with healed lower limb burn were randomly assigned into two equal groups: the vibration group and the control group. The vibration group received whole body vibration (WBV), 3 sessions a week for 8 weeks, in addition to the selected exercise program (balance exercises and resisted exercises), while the control group only received the selected exercise program. Biodex Balance System was used to assess the dynamic balance score, the Activities-specific Balance Scale to assess balance confidence and the timed up and go test to assess the functional mobility. All measurements were obtained before and at the end of the study after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: Marked improvement in all dynamic balance indices; overall stability index, antero-posterior stability index and medio-lateral stability index, balance confidence and the functional mobility were obtained in both the vibration and the control groups (P< 0.05), whereas post-treatment comparison between groups revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of the vibration group in all measured variables. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, it is possible to conclude that adding WBV training for an 8-week duration to a selected exercise program (balancing and resisted exercises) seems to be effective; in improving postural balance, balance confidence, as well as improving the functional mobility in type 2 diabetic patients with lower limb burn injury. Keywords: burn injury, postural balance, vibrational training, functional mobility, resisted exercises

As long-term survival improves after liver transplantation, metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and sarcopenia is emerging as a major cause of late morbidity and mortality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of exercise training program as a type of physical therapy approach in treatment of sarcopenic obesity and dyslipidemia after liver transplantation. Thirty patients with liver transplantation since six months had participated in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of equal numbers. The exercise group received aerobic and resisted exercise in addition to receive the traditional medical intervention. The control group received only the traditional medical intervention. Measurements of fat mass, muscle mass, cholesterol level and triglycerides level (by bioelectrical impedance and lipid profile) were collected before treatment and after three months of treatment. Comparison between exercise and control groups post treatment revealed a significant decrease in fat mass, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the exercise group compared to the control group (p<0.001), while there was a significant increase in muscle mass in the exercise group compaired to control group (p=0.0001). Aerobic and resisted exercise has a positive effect in treatment of sarcopenic obesity and dyslipidemia (reducing fat mass, cholesterol and triglycerides levels while increasing muscle mass) post liver transplantation.

A 72-year-old female with a history of cough and difficulty in swallowing was admitted in KLE Cancer Hospital and was diagnosed with carcinoma of the pyriform sinus, where she was undergoing radiotherapy and was referred for physiotherapy. On examination, she had chest secretion, cough, breathlessness, and generalized body weakness that led to functional limitations. Pre- and postfunctional assessment was done with the help of Functional independence measure (FIMS) scale. A 10-day physiotherapy intervention was given and post intervention evaluation showed an increased functional level.

O propósito deste experimento foi comparar o efeito do treinamento entreséries simples e múltiplas, nos exercícios: leg press 450 (LP), supino horizontal (SH), cadeiraflexora (CF), puxada pela frente no pulley alto (PF), cadeira extensora (CE), rosca bíceps(RB), e tríceps no pulley (TP), em 24 sessões, três dias/semana. Vinte indivíduos treinados,divididos em dois grupos: G1 série simples (25,7 ± 1,77 anos; 177 ± 6,99 cm, 78,8 ± 10,75kg) e o G3 séries múltiplas (25,5 ± 2,46 anos; 175,2 ± 7,22 cm, 74,9 ± 7,42 kg), foramsubmetidos ao teste e reteste de 10 RM para obtenção da carga, respeitando-se 48h deintervalo. As comparações intergrupos apresentaram os seguintes resultados (p<0,05): LP(% G3 = 23,23 > % G1 = 2,56), PF (% G3 = 25,04 > % G1 = 6,98), MF (% G3 =33,94 > % G1 = 6,86), ME (% G3 = 53,56 > % G1 = 8,13). O treino de sériesmúltiplas três dias/semana, durante oito semanas, proporcionou mudanças significativas noganho de força muscular quando comparado com série única por meio de um volumemaior de estímulos.The purpose of this work was to compare the effects of training between single andmultiple series sessions using the following exercises: leg press 45º (LP), chest press (CP),flexion chair (FC), front pull-downs pulley (LPDP), extension chair (EC), bicps curl (BC)and triceps pulley (TP), in 24. 3 day/weeks sessions. Twenty subjects divided in two groupswere trained: GI simple series (25.7 ± 1.77 years; 177 ± 6.99 cm, 78.8 ± 10.75 kg); and G3multiple series (25.5 ± 2.46 years; 175.2 ±7.22 cm, 74.9 ± 7.42 kg). They went submitedthrough to 10RM testing and retesting to obtain the load, respecting a 48 hour interval. Thecomparison between groups showed the following results: (p < 0.05): LP (Δ% G3 = 25.04> Δ% G1 = 6.98), MF (Δ% G3 = 33.44 > Δ% G1 = 6.86), ME (Δ% G3 = 53.56 > Δ% G1= 8.13). The 3 day/weeks multiple series training undertaken for 8 weeks, broughtsignificant changes in muscular strength when compared with results obtained from singleseries, due to more stimulus volume.

O propósito deste experimento foi comparar o efeito do treinamento entre séries simples e múltiplas, nos exercícios: leg press 450 (LP), supino horizontal (SH), cadeira flexora (CF), puxada pela frente no pulley alto (PF), cadeira extensora (CE), rosca bíceps (RB), e tríceps no pulley (TP), em 24 sessões, três dias/semana. Vinte indivíduos treinados, divididos em dois grupos: G1 série simples (25,7 ± 1,77 anos; 177 ± 6,99 cm, 78,8 ± 10,75 kg) e o G3 séries múltiplas (25,5 ± 2,46 anos; 175,2 ± 7,22 cm, 74,9 ± 7,42 kg), foram submetidos ao teste e reteste de 10 RM para obtenção da carga, respeitando-se 48h de intervalo. As comparações intergrupos apresentaram os seguintes resultados (p < 0,05): LP (Δ% G3 = 23,23 > Δ% G1 = 2,56), PF (Δ% G3 = 25,04 > Δ% G1 = 6,98), MF (Δ% G3 = 33,94 > Δ% G1 = 6,86), ME (Δ% G3 = 53,56 > Δ% G1 = 8,13). O treino de séries múltiplas três dias/semana, durante oito semanas, proporcionou mudanças significativas no ganho de força muscular quando comparado com série única por meio de um volume maior de estímulos.

The aim of the current study was to examine the efficacy of resisted sled-based training compared to traditional unresisted sprint training in terms of mediating improvements in speed, agility, and power during an eight-week period of in-season training in elite rugby league players. Participants were randomly separated into either resisted sled or traditional sprint-based training groups and they completed an eight-week in-season training block with training prescribed based on the group to which they were assigned. Measures of 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m sprint times in addition to countermovement jump height and 505-agility test time were measured at baseline, four-weeks and eight-weeks. For sprint-based outcomes, although both groups improved significantly, there were no statistical differences between the two training methods. However, at the eight-week time point there were significant improvements in 505-agility test (sprint group: baseline = 2.45 and eight-weeks = 2.42 s/sled group: baseline = 2.43 and eight-weeks = 2.37 s) and countermovement jump (sprint group: baseline = 39.18 and eight-weeks = 39.49 cm/sled group: baseline = 40.43 and eight-weeks = 43.07 cm) performance in the sled training group. Therefore, the findings from this investigation may be important to strength and conditioning coaches working in an elite rugby league in that resisted sled training may represent a more effective method of sprint training prescription.