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The nonferrous metal mines in China are rapidly depleting due to years of mining, and it has become difficult to identify new mineral resources in the periphery of the old mining area. In order to deal with this situation, advanced technologies and equipment must be deployed. The borehole transient electromagnetic method (TEM) has become a key technology due to its deep investigative capabilities within conductive geological structures. In the present study, in order to meet the exploration needs at depths of less than 3000 m, surface-borehole TEM exploration was used to analyze the characteristics of electromagnetic signals generated by a long wire source and a large loop source, providing essential data for the development of key technologies, such as sensor parameter design and signal gain optimization of the TEM system in the borehole. This study discussed in detail two key technical problems as follows: firstly, the efficient synchronization mechanism between the ground transmitter system and the borehole electromagnetic signal acquisition system ensured the accuracy and timeliness of data acquisition; and secondly, the realization of mass storage technology, which effectively solved the problem of mass storage and real-time transmission of data in a deep borehole environment. The effectiveness of the surface-borehole TEM systems with a long wire source and a large loop source was verified by tests in real mines. The surface-borehole electromagnetic signal acquisition system developed in this study effectively collected electromagnetic signals in the borehole, and the results accurately reflected the stratigraphic information of mineral resources in the study area. This study can pave a new technical path for the exploration of deep and peripheral areas of non-ferrous metal mines and provide valuable experience and insights for mineral resource exploration in similarly complex geological environments.

Marine ferromanganese crusts are potentially important metal resources. The deep-ocean research and survey ships often need to carry out rapid chemical element component analysis of mineral resources, so as to plan for the geological resource exploration mission. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy can obtain the spectrum of chemical elements by the plasma excited by high-energy laser irradiation on the surface of the sample. A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy optical system for the detection of deep-ocean ferromanganese crusts is designed and built, which can meet the requirements of near situ chemical component detection of deep-ocean mineral resources on ocean-going survey ships. Hyperspectral data of Fe-Mn crusts is carried out by LIBS system during a deep-sea exploration mission at a depth of 2490m in the South China Sea. The experimental parameters of laser energy and spectral acquisition delay is optimized for improving the spectral measurement accuracy. Based on the free calibration method, the significant spectral features of the chemical elements Fe and Mn were obtained by fitting alignment with the NIST chemical element spectral library. The LIBS instrument can be placed on board long-range survey vessels in the future to provide a fast, convenient, accurate economical detection method for deep-ocean resource exploration.

In-situ pressure coring technology is a responsible exploration technique for enhancing the efficiency and capacity of deep resources development. However, reliability issues in pressure sealing introduce significant uncertainty in field applications of this technology. This work presents a novel pressure sealing subsystem within the in-situ pressure-preserved coring system to overcome the inherent problem. The design concept and structure composition of the pressure sealing subsystem are described. To enhance pressure sealing reliability in real downhole conditions, the subsystem incorporates a dynamic sealing structure between the inner tube and the pressure bearing tube, and a close-fitting sealing face between the pressure controller and the bottom of the inner tube. Theoretical calculations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to evaluate the mechanical behavior and fluid flow characteristics within the pressure sealing subsystem, determining the structural effects on performance. A smaller pump displacement during inner tube lifting and a moderate overflow hole diameter of 7 mm enhance the success rate of a sequence of mechanical actions required for the in-situ pressure sealing. Numerical, laboratory, and field tests were conducted to verify the service performance. Numerical analysis indicates that the particle settlement ratio in the novel structure is only 32% of that in the original design. In laboratory downhole circulation and drilling tests, the pressure sealing subsystem successfully maintained an in-situ pressure of 0.2 MPa at a depth of approximately 9–10 m. In field applications, a 1.95 m in-situ core sample was retrieved at 22 MPa from a depth of approximately 1970 m.

AbstractThe geogas field can reflect the deep-seated tectonic constructing information. Geogas method can be applied to the exploration of deep geothermal resources. In this paper, based on the advanced geogas model of metal ore, a set of simulation model of geogas transportation for hot spring is built. In the model, hot spring water collected from Wuning, JiangXi province, China is used to simulate hot spring reservoir, and the hot air flow formed by electric hot plate is used to simulate rising geogas flow. The transporting materials from hot spring reservoir are sampled in 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 d respectively. More than 30 elements in these samples are determined with ICP-MS. The experimental results confirm that many elements in hot spring can be transferred out by geogas flow, transportation rate and transportation ratio of different elements is of obvious differences. The migratory activity of most elements in hot spring is greater than that in concealed ore body, thus the transportation amount of the element is easily recognizable. The elements with high transportation ratio and high concentration, including Cd, Cu, Pb, Sc, Y, Zn, are most helpful to indicate towards hot springs, the result provides reference to application of geogas survey on geothermal resource exploration.

The world is increasingly getting urbanized and globalized, and the increase in natural resource exploration could have a far-reaching impact on environmental quality. Since most Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACCs) have proximity to the Amazon, they, therefore, rely heavily on agriculture and mining which develop via deforestation which could exacerbate the already increasing carbon dioxide emissions (CO 2 emissions). Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this study becomes the first to investigate the link between natural resources, globalization, urbanization, and environmental degradation in LACCs countries from 1990 to 2017 with advanced panel data econometric techniques. The unit root tests affirm all the variables to be stationary at first difference, and the Westerlund (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69(6):709–748, 2007 ) cointegration test confirms the long-run relationship among the variables. The augmented mean group (AMG) and the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) results affirm that the aforementioned variables add to CO 2 emissions, while human capital mitigates it. Further findings reveal that human capital performs a moderating role in promoting urbanization sustainability. The country-specific results confirm that economic growth adds to emissions in all the countries, except in the Dominican Republic. A feedback causality exists between economic growth, globalization, urbanization, and CO 2 emissions. This study argues for the development of human capital, a gradual transition to sustainable growth-driven and knowledge-based industries, and the introduction of sustainability practices in the natural resource sector to mitigate CO 2 emissions in LACCs.

As an important branch of geophysical exploration method, the electromagnetic method with artificial source has advanced rapidly in the past decade. These methods are classified as airborne electromagnetic method, ground-air electromagnetic method, ground electromagnetic method, and marine electromagnetic method. Over the years, researchers in China have made significant improvement to the fundamental theory, forward modeling and inverse for series of electromagnetic detection methods. Conversely, significant progress was made in the development of corresponding equipment. The researched techniques and their developed equipment have been successfully utilized to detect underground targets as deep as 10 km. However, there is increasing need for deep resources exploration, urban subsurface study, and prediction, monitoring and detection of geological hazards. To meet the increasing need and catch up with the advanced international level of exploration technologies and developed equipment, there is urgent necessity and requirement to continue developing geophysical methods and the corresponding equipment.

As a contribution to the technological innovation-natural resource rent-environment literature, this study examines the technological innovation and natural resource rent in an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) multivariate framework. We employed reliable, robust, and efficient novel panel estimations methods on a sample of 10 newly industrialized countries (NICs) over the periods 1990 and 2018. To achieve our study objective, we employ the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) approach to analyze the effects of the exogenous variables over the range of diverse quantiles of carbon emissions. Results generated from the MMQR mimic that of the three heterogeneous linear panel estimations (fully modified ordinary least square, the dynamic ordinary least square, and the fixed effects ordinary least square) in terms of the sign and magnitude. The result affirms the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in NICs across all quantiles (0.1–0.95). In addition, technological innovation and renewable energy consumption improve environmental quality in NICs across quantiles (0.1–0.95), while the joint impact of technological and natural resource rent mitigates environmental degradation from lower to higher quantiles (0.1–0.90). Moreover, technological innovation is found to exert an indirect favorable impact on the environment through the pathway of natural resources. Thus, technological innovation can be anticipated to enhance sustainable natural resources exploration in the NICs. In line with these crucial outcomes, this research proposes that the NICs should promote technological innovation, promote sustainable natural resource exploitation, and expedite economic expansion rates via the sustainable transformation of their production and consumption processes.

Nitrite is one of the most widely used curing ingredients in meat industries. Nitrites have numerous useful applications in cured meats and a vital component in giving cured meats their unique characteristics, such as their pink color and savory flavor. Nitrites are used to suppress the oxidation of lipid and protein in meat products and to limit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as Clostridium botulinum. Synthetic nitrite is frequently utilized for curing due to its low expenses and easier applications to meat. However, it is linked to the production of nitrosamines, which has raised several health concerns among consumers regarding its usage in meat products. Consumer desire for healthier meat products prepared with natural nitrite sources has increased due to a rising awareness regarding the application of synthetic nitrites. However, it is important to understand the various activities of nitrite in meat curing for developing novel substitutes of nitrites. This review emphasizes on the effects of nitrite usage in meat and highlights the role of nitrite in the production of carcinogenic nitrosamines as well as possible nitrite substitutes from natural resources explored also.

A gold–silver–lead–zinc polymetallic ore was selected in Huaniushan, Gansu Province as the study area. Hyperspectral aerial images as the primary information source, ground spectrum tests, and sampling analysis were used as auxiliary techniques. They were combined with large-scale mineral and geological maps and other high-resolution satellite remote sensing images. Hyperspectral remote sensing classification identification and quantitative analysis methods were used to study the main mineral resources and rock mass occurrence. Finally, deposit distribution information was extracted and validated. The results showed that the effective classification methods by hyperspectral images were spectral angle mapping, minimum noise fraction transform, and mixed tuned matched filtering. Based on the ground survey, combined with sampling analysis, the accuracy of classification was 80%. The recognition rate of the main ore body—the iron-manganese cap lead–zinc oxide ore—was as high as 81%. This research showed that hyperspectral remote sensing in this mining area has excellent demonstration effects and is worth completing and supplementing original mineral and geological maps. The targets are important areas for detailed follow-up on mineral resource exploration.