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Background and Objective: This study aimed to describe the surgical management and outcomes of tractional retinal detachments (TRDs) associated with syphilitic uveitis. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective case series. Results: Four eyes of four patients were included, ranging in age at presentation from 40 to 80 years of age. All patients were treated with 14 days of intravenous penicillin. All eyes underwent vitrectomy, membrane peel (MP), and endolaser. Three of four eyes had silicone oil tamponade placed and one eye had C3F8 gas. One eye required primary retinectomy. Post-operatively, two eyes developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy–related tractional redetachments requiring repeat vitrectomy, MP, endolaser, and silicone oil tamponade. All patients achieved final anatomic success without need for long-term silicone oil tamponade. Final visual acuity ranged from 20/50 to light perception. Conclusions: Patients with syphilitic uveitis may rarely develop TRDs. Although anatomic success was achieved in all cases, the visual acuity outcomes were variable.

Summary statement To decrease evisceration of eyes, endoscopy-assisted pars plana vitrectomy is a choice for patients with severe endophthalmitis accompanied with retinal detachment and corneal edema. Purpose To evaluate surgical outcomes using an intraocular videoendoscope for vitrectomy in patients with severe endophthalmitis with retinal detachment. Methods From December 2006 to August 2009, the medical records of 21 patients undergoing endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy for endophthalmitis with retinal detachment were studied. Only patients with ≥18 months follow-up were included. Results Intraocular infections were under control in 19 of the 21 patients. Postoperatively, the visual acuity of three of the patients ranged from 2/100 to 20/100 (14.3 %), two of the patients left with finger counting (9.5 %), eight had hand motion (38.1 %), six had light perception (28.6 %), and the other two had their eyes eviscerated (9.5 %) because of recurrent and uncontrollable infection. Conclusions In patients with severe endophthalmitis accompanied with retinal detachment and marked corneal opacity, it is appropriate to conduct endoscopy-assisted pars plana vitrectomy to decrease evisceration of eyes.

Retinal detachment and testicular lesions are 2 rare presentations of syphilis. We describe a man with bilateral retinal detachment from ocular syphilis and syphilitic orchitis as a manifestation of syphilis and HIV coinfection.

Three years earlier she had undergone a successful allogeneic bone marrow transplant for chronic myeloid leukaemia. P jiroveci has been found in these lesions on histological sections 3, 5 and the lesions resolve on systemic anti-pneumocystis treatment. 4 However, most cases of P jiroveci choroiditis are diagnosed histologically post mortem. 3, 6 Thus, the acute clinical findings may be more varied than previously described.

Eye (2003) 17, 524-525. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6700381

The author reports a case of severe infectious scleritis complicated by scleral abscesses and exudative retinal detachment. A 68-year-old woman with a history of pterygium excision in the left eye 13 years previously presented with pseudomonal scleritis. Despite aggressive therapy for the scleritis, the patient had complications of multifocal scleral abscesses and exudative retinal detachment. Following surgical debridement of scleral abscesses on three separate occasions and vigorous irrigation of the exposed scleral bed with antibiotics, the pathogen was eventually eradicated with subretinal fluid absorbed and the retina reattached. The patient's visual acuity reached 20/40 and she remained symptom free for 1 year after cessation of all treatments. Exudative retinal detachment, although rare, may occur in patients with severe anterior infectious scleritis. Early surgical debridement should be considered as a therapeutic option in treating deep, occult foci of scleral abscesses when antibiotic treatment alone is ineffective.

Silicone oils are important tools in vitreoretinal surgery because they have the ability to displace aqueous humor from the retinal surface, maintaining the adhesion between retina and retinal pigment epithelium. To understand this capability, it is important to know the silicone oil characteristics. Herein, we report first on the main chemical-physical proprieties and then we review the clinical applications of the current silicone oil which is lighter than water with particular reference to their indications with small gauge vitrectomy. Finally, we describe the surgical techniques to inject and remove this type of silicone oil. In the summary of this paper, we explain why silicone oils are today increasingly used and why their introduction has improved the prognosis of several retinal diseases. In fact, having different types of silicone oils allows us to choose the appropriate endotamponade for every single case.

Background The ocular manifestations of cat scratch disease (CSD) are diverse. We report a rare case of isolated choroidal granuloma with serous retinal detachment (SRD) secondary to Bartonella henselae infection in a patient without feline exposure. Case presentation A retrospective analysis of a 38-year-old female presenting in March 2024 with unilateral visual impairment and metamorphopsia. Diagnostic evaluations included multimodal imaging (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [SD-OCT], fluorescein angiography [FA], indocyanine green angiography [ICGA]), and serologic testing. Ocular examination revealed a yellowish-white subretinal lesion with associated SRD superotemporal to the optic disc. SD-OCT demonstrated a dome-shaped choroidal elevation with homogeneous hyporeflectivity and subretinal fluid. FA showed late hyperfluorescence of the lesion, while ICGA revealed persistent hypofluorescence. Serologic testing confirmed elevated Bartonella henselae IgG titers (1:256). The patient had no systemic symptoms or history of feline contact and initially received systemic steroids, topical anti-inflammatory/antibiotic agents, and traditional Chinese medicine. All treatments were discontinued after 24 h, and the lesion subsequently resolved with complete resolution of subretinal fluid and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) recovery to 20/20. Conclusion Ocular bartonellosis may manifest as an isolated choroidal granuloma with vision-threatening SRD, even in the absence of feline exposure. Multimodal imaging and serologic testing are critical for diagnosis. The condition may resolve spontaneously without targeted antimicrobial therapy for Bartonella infection, even in the absence of anti-inflammatory therapy.

Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a blind-causing disease initiated by the activation of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) primarily induced by TGF-β families. Migrasome is a recently discovered type of extracellular vesicle related to cell migration. Results Here, we used ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo models, to investigate the characteristics and functions of migrasomes in RPE activation and PVR development. Results indicated that the migrasome marker tetraspanin-4 (TSPAN4) was abundantly expressed in human PVR-associated clinical samples. The ex vivo model PVR microenvironment is simulated by incubating brown Norway rat RPE eyecups with TGF-β1. Electron microscope images showed the formation of migrasome-like vesicles during the activation of RPE. Further studies indicated TGF-β1 increased the expression of TSPAN4 which results in migrasome production. Migrasomes can be internalized by RPE and increase the migration and proliferation ability of RPE. Moreover, TSPAN4-inhibited RPE cells are with reduced ability of initiating experimental PVR. Mechanically, TSPAN4 expression and migrasome production are induced through TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Conclusion In conclusion, migrasomes can be produced by RPE under PVR microenvironment. Migrasomes play a pivotal role in RPE activation and PVR progression. Thus, targeting TSPAN4 or blocking migrasome formation might be a new therapeutic method against PVR.

Purpose. To characterize the profiles for inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous fluid from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) by comparing those of other vitreoretinal diseases and to analyze the correlation between intravitreal cytokines and clinical features. Materials and Methods. Vitreous fluid was obtained at the time of surgery from 28 RRD eyes. Vitreous fluid was similarly collected from patients with macular hole (MH), epiretinal membrane, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and retinal vein occlusion as controls. Twenty-seven cytokines were measured. Intravitreal cytokine profiles in RRD were characterized by comparing these with those in other vitreoretinal diseases. We also analyzed the correlations between vitreous cytokines and clinical features. Results. There were statistical differences in the MCP-1, MIP-1β, and IP-10 between the RRD and MH, while the IL-6 and IL-8 exhibited levels that were between those for the PDR and MH. MIP-1β was significantly correlated to both the extent and duration of the RRD, while IL-8 was significantly correlated to the extent of the RRD. Conclusions. MCP-1, MIP-1β, and IP-10 may modify the pathologic features of RRD. The levels of these cytokines are related in part to the clinical features and the level of photoreceptor damage.