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"Return migration Case studies"
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Return migration of the next generations : 21st century transnational mobility
\"Return migration has recently been 're-discovered' as a significant emerging dimension of today's global migration patterns. It is no longer the forgotten or overlooked dimension in international circuits of emigration and immigration. It is no longer disparaged as the mobility response of the unsuccessful, the failed immigrant, or the retired. Going beyond examinations of the return of first-generation, elderly, international migrants whose return to their source communities on retirement has dominated the literature to date, this important book expands the research frontier into the realms of the one-and-a half and second-generations and new cohorts of youthful global contract workers and 'prolonged sojourners', and examines their return and its consequences.\"--Book cover.
Book
Travelling towards Home
As we grapple with a growing refugee crisis, a hardening of anti-immigration sentiment, and deepening communal segregation in many parts of the developed world, questions of the nature of home and homemaking are increasingly critical. This collection brings ethnographic insight into the practices of homemaking, exploring a diverse range of contexts ranging from economic migrants to new Chinese industrial cities, Jewish returnees from Israel to Ukraine, and young gay South Asians in London. While negotiating widely varying social-political contexts, these studies suggest an unavoidably multiple understanding of home, while provoking new understandings of the material and symbolic process of making oneself \"at home.\"
eBook
Return Migration and Identity
The global trend for immigrants to return home has unique relevance for Hong Kong. This work of cross-cultural psychology explores many personal stories of return migration. The author captures in dozens of interviews the anxieties, anticipations, hardships and flexible world perspectives of migrants and their families as well as friends and co-workers. The book examines cultural identity shifts and population flows during a critical juncture in Hong Kong history between the Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984 and the early years of Hong Kong’s new status as a special administrative region after 1997. Nearly a million residents of Hong Kong migrated to North America, Europe and Australia in the 1990s. These interviews and analyses help illustrate individual choices and identity profiles during this period of unusual cultural flexibility and behavioral adjustment.
eBook
Migration informal human capital of returnees to Central Europe: a new rescource for organisations
PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the interplay between international migration, soft skills and job and life satisfaction after returns.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the dataset of Human Capital in Poland 2010–2014 representative surveys with 4040 return migrants, who worked temporarily abroad and returned to an origin in comparison with almost 70,000 stayers, who never worked abroad. In this study, Poland is treated as a strategic research site for the labor migration processes, which happened after the biggest European Union enlargement in 2004.FindingsThis study discovered that working abroad had a positive relation with cognitive, intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies, as well as job and life satisfaction. However, the relations differ depending on the key destination country.Practical implicationsThis study discusses the implications for future research and practice, offering recommendations to organizations on how to embed employees with these resources in companies and how to support return migrants and their potential employers with the use of migratory informal human capital in personnel management and counseling.Originality/valueThis paper brings quantitative arguments about the hidden impacts of international migration on human capital by uniquely comparing the migrant population with the non-migrant population.
Journal Article
Do return migrants transfer political norms to their origin country? Evidence from Mali
This paper explores the link between return migration and political outcomes in the origin country, using the case study of Mali. We use electoral and census data at the locality level to investigate the role of return migration on participation rates and electoral competitiveness. First, we run OLS and IV estimations for the 2009 municipal election, controlling for current emigration and using historical and distance variables as instruments for return migration and current emigration. Second, we build a panel dataset combining the 1998 and 2009 censuses and the electoral results for the municipal ballots of those two years to control for the potential time-invariant unobservable characteristics of the localities. We find a positive impact of the stock of return migrants on participation rates and on electoral competitiveness, which mainly stems from returnees from non-African countries. Finally, we show that the impact of returnees on turnout goes beyond their own participation, and that they affect more electoral outcomes in areas where non-migrants are poorly educated, which we interpret as evidence of a diffusion of political norms from returnees to non-migrants.
Paper
Female genital mutilation and migration in Mali
In this paper, we investigate the power of migration as a mechanism in the transmission of social norms, taking Mali and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) as a case study. Mali has a strong FGM culture and a long-standing history of migration. We use an original household-level database coupled with census data to analyze the extent to which girls living in localities with high rates of return migrants are less prone to FGM. Malians migrate predominantly to other African countries where female circumcision is uncommon (e.g., Côte d’Ivoire) and to countries where FGM is totally banned (France and other developed countries) and where anti-FGM information campaigns frequently target African migrants. Taking a two-step instrumental variable approach to control for the endogeneity of migration and return decisions, we show that return migrants have a negative and significant influence on FGM practices. More precisely, we show that this result is primarily driven by the flow of returnees from Cote d’Ivoire. We also show that adults living in localities with return migrants are more informed about FGM and in favor of legislation. The impact of returnees may occur through several channels, including compositional effects, changes in return migrants’ attitudes toward FGM, and return migrants convincing stayers to change their FGM practices.
Journal Article
Rural Migrations and Their Consequences: A Case Study of the Masurian Commune of Stare Juchy
The Rural Commune of Stare Juchy in Masuria, in northeastern Poland, is sociologically interesting due to the migration processes that are occurring there. Since the 1990s, many residents have emigrated abroad, primarily to Iceland. At the same time, an opposite trend has been occurring: residents of large cities have been migrating to Stare Juchy. These intense migration processes in opposite directions could lead to the gradual social and spatial gentrification of the villages of the commune. But is this happening in Stare Juchy? This article presents the findings of two studies conducted among the residents of the commune. The first study, which was conducted between 2016 and 2017, focused on emigrants, return migrants, and the families of emigrants. The second study, conducted between 2019 and 2021, examined new settlers from large cities. The research concentrated on the consequences of migration for individuals, families, and, most importantly, the local community. The findings indicate that emigrants and returnees were not the primary agents of change in the villages of the commune. Instead, new settlers played a more significant role in transforming the villages and their inhabitants. These newcomers invested in local tourism, initiated various social activities, and took on leadership roles in nongovernmental organizations.
Journal Article
Migration trends in South Africa: Post COVID-19 perspectives
Two notable migration trends have emerged in South Africa post COVID -19 namely semigration and reverse emigration. This qualitative study explores how these local migration configurations have influenced the migration motivations and movement of individuals and families in the post COVID-19 era. Both terms were crafted by South Africa’s property industry in reference to the novel trends in human movement, and they may be termed differently in other parts of the world. To contextualise these two terms, semigration refers to a form of internal migration that entails the movement of people across provinces in South Africa, while reverse emigration refers to the return migration of expatriates to South Africa. The study adopted an ethnographic research approach. Data was collected using in-depth interviews and participants’ narratives. The sample comprised six participants. Their lived experiences since 2020 are presented as case studies using narrative excerpts. The findings indicate that concomitant with the nuanced dynamics of semigration and reverse emigration, rising retirement migration of locals and foreigners, presents further complexity in the evolving migration landscape since the pandemic. These findings reflect shifting dynamics driven by a range of motivations including poor governance and poor service delivery, lifestyle, safety and security, and the pursuit of economic opportunities.
Journal Article
The influence of the documentation status on first employment outcomes in the host country: the case of Albanian returnees
Despite its increasing relevance, not enough empirical attention has been paid to the irregular component of international migration, especially in Europe, where there is a lack of quantitative data sampling this migrant population subgroup. The few studies assessing the economic impact of the irregular status are mainly focused on the analysis of wage disparities in the USA. The main purpose of this article is to analyse the effect of the documentation status on migrants’ position in the labour market while living in the host country. We contribute to the literature on this subject using return migrants in Albania as a new case study, drawing data from the nationally representative survey on Return Migration and Reintegration in Albania of 2013. Results from multivariate analyses suggest that the documentation status is an important source of variation among migrants. We find that undocumented migrants are significantly less likely to be employed or self-employed in the host country than migrants with legal documents, but only after controlling for the characteristics of their migratory projects. Gradients in the relationship between employment and documentation status arise, reflecting profound divergences across gender and migratory processes of Albanians, but, systematically, undocumented migrants are those showing the lowest likelihoods of employment.
Journal Article