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"Revolutions History 20th century"
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Realistic revolution : contesting Chinese history, culture, and politics after 1989
\"Revolution, according to Mao Zedong, cannot be compared to \"writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery\" because it cannot be \"so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous.\" Revolution is an \"act of violence.\" During the decade after the death of the Great Helmsman, Chinese intellectuals began to question not only the necessity of violent revolution but also the notion of radical change. The belief that there was \"no making without breaking\" (bupo buli) had not only permeated Chinese socialist modernity, they argued, but also China's famous twentieth-century political-cum-cultural movement, the May Fourth Movement (1917-21). In the political, historical, and cultural discourse of the early 1990s, intellectuals said goodbye to the radicalism of twentieth-century China.\"--Provided by publisher.
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Words and Their Stories
In spite of dislocations and ruptures in China's revolutionary language, to rethink this discourse is to revisit a history in terms of sedimented layers of linguistic meanings and political aspirations. Earlier meanings of revolutionary words may persist or coexist with non-revolutionary rivals. Recovery of the vital uses of key revolutionary words projects critical alternatives in which contemporary capitalist myths can be contested.
eBook
Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran
In his book on constitutional revolutions in the Ottoman Empire and Iran in the early twentieth century, Nader Sohrabi considers the global diffusion of institutions and ideas, their regional and local reworking and the long-term consequences of adaptations. He delves into historic reasons for greater resilience of democratic institutions in Turkey as compared to Iran. Arguing that revolutions are time-bound phenomena whose forms follow global models in vogue at particular historical junctures, he challenges the ahistoric and purely local understanding of them. Furthermore, he argues that macro-structural preconditions alone cannot explain the occurrence of revolutions, but global waves, contingent events and the intervention of agency work together to bring them about in competition with other possible outcomes. To establish these points, the book draws on a wide array of archival and primary sources that afford a minute look at revolutions' unfolding.
eBook
Revolution, counterrevolution and assassination after World War II : a global history
\"In response to the upheavals engendered by World War II, revolutions broke out or loomed throughout the world. Nationalist aspirations proved global in nature, ironically empowered by the Cold War. In Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and Africa, revolutions and counterrevolutions proliferated, and similar disruptions threatened to unfold in Europe and North America. Social upheavals began to occur in Vietnam, Mandatory Palestine, China, Algeria, Ghana and Cuba. Conservative and reactionary forces frequently pushed back, quashing hopeful developments like the Guatemalan Spring, the Hungarian Revolution, and the Prague Spring, while also readily resorting to the murder of leading progressive figures from Gandhi to Navalny. The second volume of this detailed history explores the rippling effects of World War II across the globe, including countries experiencing colonial or neocolonial relationships. This book examines the interplay between modern revolutionary movements and campaigns seeking to prevent such movements or to reestablish a history and time that never really existed. It also traces the deadly resort to politically motivated killings, which cut short the lives of so many distinguished, sometimes beloved figures whose loss is still felt decades later.\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
The End and the Beginning
A fresh interpretation of the contexts, meanings, and consequences of the revolutions of 1989, coupled with state of the art reassessment of the significance and consequences of the events associated with the demise of communist regimes. The book provides an analysis that takes into account the complexities of the Soviet bloc, the events’ impact upon Europe, and their re-interpretation within a larger global context. Departs from static ways of analysis (events and their significance) bringing forth approaches that deal with both pre-1989 developments and the 1989 context itself, while extensively discussing the ways of resituating 1989 in the larger context of the 20th century and of its lessons for the 21st. Emphasizes the possibility for re-thinking and re-visiting the filters and means that scholars use to interpret such turning point. The editors perceive the present project as a challenge to existing readings on the complex set of issues and topics presupposed by a re-evaluation of 1989 as a symbol of the change and transition from authoritarianism to democracy.
eBook
1989 Revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe
This important book reassesses a defining historical, political and ideological moment in contemporary history: the 1989 revolutions in central and eastern Europe. Adopting a multi-disciplinary approach, the authors reconsider such crucial themes as the broader historical significance of the 1989 events, the complex interaction between external and internal factors in the origins and outcomes of the revolutions, the impact of the ‘Gorbachev phenomenon’, the West and the end of the Cold War, the political and socio-economic determinants of the revolutionary processes in Poland, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, and the competing academic, cultural and ideological perceptions of the year 1989 as communism gave way to post-communist pluralism in the 1990s and beyond. Concluding that the contentious term ‘revolution’ is indeed apt for the momentous developments in eastern Europe in 1989, this book will be essential reading for undergraduates, postgraduates and specialists alike.
eBook
Revolutionaries for the right : anticommunist internationalism and paramilitary warfare in the Cold War
\"Freedom fighters. Guerrilla warriors. Soldiers of fortune. The many civil wars and rebellions against communist governments drew heavily from this cast of characters. Yet from Nicaragua to Afghanistan, Vietnam to Angola, Cuba to the Congo, the connections between these anticommunist groups have remained hazy and their coordination obscure. Yet as Kyle Burke reveals, these conflicts were the product of a rising movement that sought paramilitary action against communism worldwide. Tacking between the United States and many other countries, Burke offers an international history not only of the paramilitaries who started and waged small wars in the second half of the twentieth century but of conservatism in the Cold War era\"-- Provided by publisher.
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Picturing the Proletariat
In the wake of Mexico’s revolution, artists played a fundamental role in constructing a national identity centered on working people and were hailed for their contributions to modern art. Picturing the Proletariat examines three aspects of this artistic legacy: the parallel paths of organized labor and artists’ collectives, the relations among these groups and the state, and visual narratives of the worker. Showcasing forgotten works and neglected media, John Lear explores how artists and labor unions participated in a cycle of revolutionary transformation from 1908 through the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–1940). Lear shows how middle-class artists, radicalized by the revolution and the Communist Party, fortified the legacy of the prerevolutionary print artisan José Guadalupe Posada by incorporating modernist, avant-garde, and nationalist elements in ways that supported and challenged unions and the state. By 1940, the state undermined the autonomy of radical artists and unions, while preserving the image of both as partners of the “institutionalized revolution.\" This interdisciplinary book explores the gendered representations of workers; the interplay of prints, photographs, and murals in journals, in posters, and on walls; the role of labor leaders; and the discursive impact of the Spanish Civil War. It considers “los tres grandes\"—Rivera, Siquieros, and Orozco—while featuring lesser-known artists and their collectives, including Saturnino Herrán, Leopoldo Méndez, Santos Balmori, and the League of Revolutionary Writers and Artists (LEAR). The result is a new perspective on the art and politics of the revolution.
eBook