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Landscapes of the Chinese Soul
In 1981 the Communist Party of China declared: \"The 'Cultural Revolution', which lasted from May 1966 to October 1976, was responsible for the heaviest losses suffered by the Party, the state and the people since the founding of the People's Republic\". The civilizational crisis called the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution still eludes our historical, political, and psychological understanding. This book helps to fill the gap. It features twelve extended, psychoanalytically-oriented interviews, six with witnesses to the revolution and six more with sons and daughters. Team analysis of the transcripts is buttressed by sinological, historical, and social-psychological essays. The authors explore Chinese ways of processing the experience of violence, both individually and in collective memory, and identify psycho-traumatic consequences for witnesses and for the following generation.
eBook
Landscapes of the Chinese soul : the enduring presence of the cultural revolution
\"In 1981 the Communist Party of China declared: \"The Cultural Revolution\", which lasted from May 1966 to October 1976, was responsible for the heaviest losses suffered by the Party, the state and the people since the founding of the People's Republic. The civilizational crisis called the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution still eludes our historical, political, and psychological understanding.This book helps to fill the gap. It features twelve extended, psychoanalytically-oriented interviews, six with witnesses to the revolution and six more with sons and daughters ... The authors explore Chinese ways of processing the experience of violence, both individually and in collective memory, and identify psycho-traumatic consequences for witnesses and for the following generation.\"--Publishers website
Book
Charismatic leadership and social movements
Much of the writing on charisma focuses on specific traits associated with exceptional leaders, a practice that has broadened the concept of charisma to such an extent that it loses its distinctiveness - and therefore its utility. More particularly, the concept's relevance to the study of social movements has not moved beyond generalizations. The contributors to this volume renew the debate on charismatic leadership from a historical perspective and seek to illuminate the concept's relevance to the study of social movements. The case studies here include such leaders as Mahatma Gandhi; the architect of apartheid, Daniel F. Malan; the heroine of the Spanish Civil War, Dolores Ibarruri (la pasionaria); and Mao Zedong. These charismatic leaders were not just professional politicians or administrators, but sustained a strong symbiotic relationship with their followers, one that stimulated devotion to the leader and created a real group identity.
eBook
The Israeli Radical Left
In The Israeli Radical Left, Fiona Wright traces the dramatic as well as the mundane paths taken by radical Jewish Israeli leftwing activists, whose critique of the Israeli state has left them uneasily navigating an increasingly polarized public atmosphere. This activism is manifested in direct action solidarity movements, the critical stances of some Israeli human rights and humanitarian NGOs, and less well-known initiatives that promote social justice within Jewish Israel as a means of undermining the overwhelming support for militarism and nationalism that characterizes Israeli domestic politics. In chronicling these attempts at solidarity with those most injured by Israeli policy, Wright reveals dissent to be a fraught negotiation of activists' own citizenship in which they feel simultaneously repulsed and responsible.Based on eighteen months of fieldwork, The Israeli Radical Left provides a nuanced account of various kinds of Jewish Israeli antioccupation and antiracist activism as both spaces of subversion and articulations of complicity. Wright does not level complicity as an accusation, but rather recasts the concept as an analysis of the impurity of ethical and political relations and the often uncomfortable ways in which this makes itself felt during moments of attempted solidarity. She imparts how activists persistently underline their own feelings of complicity and the impossibility of reconciling their principles with the realities of their everyday lives, despite the fact that the activism in which they engage specifically aims to challenge Jewish Israeli citizens' participation in state violence. The first full ethnographic account of the Israeli radical left, Wright's book explores the ethics and politics of Jewish Israeli activists who challenge the violence perpetrated by their state and in their name.
eBook
As the Dust of the Earth
An estimated forty thousand Jews were murdered during the
Russian Civil War between 1918 and 1922. As the Dust of the
Earth examines the Yiddish and Russian literary response to
the violence (pogroms) and the relief effort, exploring both the
poetry of catastrophe and the documentation of catastrophe and
care.
Brilliantly weaving together narrative fiction, poetry, memoirs,
newspaper articles, and documentary, Harriet Murav argues that
poets and pogrom investigators were doing more than recording the
facts of violence and expressing emotions in response to it. They
were interrogating what was taking place through a central concept
familiar from their everyday lifeworld-hefker, or abandonment.
Hefker shaped the documentation of catastrophe by Jewish
investigators at pogrom sites impossibly tasked with producing
comprehensive reports of chaos. Hefker also became a framework for
Yiddish writers to think through such incomprehensible violence by
creating new forms of poetry. Focusing less on the perpetrators and
more on the responses to the pogroms, As the Dust of the
Earth offers a fuller understanding of the seismic effects of
such organized violence and a moving testimony to the resilience of
survivors to process and cope with catastrophe.
eBook
Psychological capital and employee engagement as predictors of organisational citizenship behaviour in the industrial revolution 4.0 era: transfer of training as a mediator
Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) offers vast potential in sustainable development through social progress and economic growth. Youths ought to take advantage of the sustainable development opportunities offered by IR4.0 in pursuit of the national agenda for sustainability. This study seeks to examine the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), employee engagement (EE), transfer of training (TOT), and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among youth participants of IR4.0 in Sarawak. Data were collected from 251 working youths who were trained under Industrial Revolution 4.0 initiatives. Results revealed that PsyCap was positively related to EE, TOT, and OCB. EE and TOT were also found to be positively influence OCB. Additionally, TOT was found to mediate the relationship between PsyCap and OCB. This study contributes through the incorporation of digital competency into the TOT construct to examine the transfer of digital competencies. Besides, the model reflects the interplay between personal resource (PsyCap) and job resource (TOT) to influence effective organisational functioning (represented by OCB) through a motivational process. Findings suggest practical implications whereby organisations should engage pre-training psychological capital intervention to increase rate of training transfer whilst developing digital competencies of the workforce. Additionally, policymakers should formulate policies through training subsidies and tax exemptions for organisations to help strengthen youth conviction and resilience to facilitate their career progression.
Journal Article
Changes of well-being over the pandemic: a survey across generational cohorts
Psychological problems (e.g., depression and anxiety) have been widely studied as an important public health issue in the background of the pandemic, whereas the positive aspects (e.g., well-being) have been paid little attention. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and generations on well-being by adopting 5 groups (Post-00s, Post-90s, Post-80s, Post-70s, and Post-60s) × 2 time points (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic) mixed factorial design. A total of 1579 Chinese adults completed the self-report survey, and a valid sample of 1529 adults from five generational cohorts was included in the data analysis. Results of the mixed factorial ANOVAs and simple effects analyses showed significant interaction effects on some dimensions of well-being. Specifically, the Post-80s exhibited a significant increase in both Engagement and Accomplishment of well-being during the pandemic, and the Post-60s generation demonstrated a significant improvement in Engagement of well-being. However, the other generations did not show significant changes. It could be concluded that the effects of the pandemic on well-being are complicated across generations.
Journal Article
Revisiting Reputation: How Past Actions Matter in International Politics
Policy-makers and political scientists have long believed that states must make policy with an eye to maintaining a good reputation, especially a good reputation for resolve. Recent work, however, has argued that reputations for resolve do not form, and hence that past actions do not influence observers' behavior in subsequent interactions. This conclusion is theoretically problematic and unsupported by the evidence offered by reputation critics. In particular, juxtaposing reputation for resolve to power and interests is misleading when past actions influence observers' beliefs about interests, while the common approach of looking at crisis decision making misses the impact of reputation on general deterrence. We thus derive hypotheses about conflict onset from both the arguments of reputation critics and the logic of more standard reputation arguments, which we put to statistical test. We find that past action is closely connected to subsequent dispute initiation and that the effects of reputation generalize beyond the immediate circumstances of the past dispute. Although reputation is not all-important, leaders are well advised to consider the reputational implications of policy decisions in international conflict.
Journal Article
Explaining Terrorism: Leadership Deficits and Militant Group Tactics
Certain types of militant groups—those suffering from leadership deficits—are more likely to attack civilians. Their leadership deficits exacerbate the principal-agent problem between leaders and foot soldiers, who have stronger incentives to harm civilians. We establish the validity of this proposition with a tripartite research strategy that balances generalizability and identification. First, we demonstrate in a sample of militant organizations operating in the Middle East and North Africa that those lacking centralized leadership are prone to targeting civilians. Second, we show that when the leaderships of militant groups are degraded from drone strikes in the Afghanistan-Pakistan tribal regions, the selectivity of organizational violence plummets. Third, we elucidate the mechanism with a detailed case study of the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, a Palestinian group that turned to terrorism during the Second Intifada because pressure on leadership allowed low-level members to act on their preexisting incentives to attack civilians. These findings indicate that a lack of principal control is an important, underappreciated cause of militant group violence against civilians.
Journal Article