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"Right of property European Union countries."
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Creating Property Rights
Analysing the regulatory creation of property-like rights by governments, this book provides a comprehensive study of allocation processes and market mechanisms through the survey of four topical examples (airport slots, spectrum rights, milk quotas and emission allowances) which are under great attention at both the international and European Union level.
eBook
The Future of European Property Law
European integration has a growing impact on the property law systems of the EU Member States.The tensions which can be seen are considerably greater than in other areas of private law, given the technically complex and mandatory nature of property law.
eBook
Property and The Human Rights Act 1998
By giving further effect to the European Convention on Human Rights,the Human Rights Act 1998 has had a significant effect on property law. Article 1 of the First Protocol to the Convention is particularly important, as it protects against the interference with the enjoyment of possessions. Compulsory acquisition, insolvency, planning, taxation, environmental regulation, and landlord and tenant laws are just some of the fields where the British and European courts have already had to assess the impact of the Protocol on private property. The Human Rights Act 1998 also restricts the scope of property rights, as some Convention rights conflict with rights of private property. For example, the Article 8 right to respect for the home has been used to protect against environmental harm, in some cases at the expense of property and economic rights. This book seeks to provide a structured approach to the extensive case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the UK courts on these issues, and to provide guidance on the direction the law is likely to take in future. Chapters cover the history and drafting of the relevant Convention rights, the scope and structure of the rights (especially Article 1 of the First Protocol), and how, through the Human Rights Act 1998, the Convention rights have already affected and are likely to affect developments in selected areas of English law.
eBook
Herausgabeansprüche Als Teil des Zivilrechtlichen Eigentumsrechts?
Long description:
Die Arbeit nähert sich zentralen Fragen des Eigentumsverständnisses über den Vergleich der Besitzschutzansprüche zugunsten der Inhaber von Eigentumsrechten. Zunächst werden die historischen Grundlagen im römischen, germanischen und Gemeinen Recht mit der rei vindicatio und der Gewere sowie die Entwicklung im englischen Common Law nachgezeichnet. Anschließend werden in Länderberichten das französische Recht der revendication, das englische Recht der conversion of goods, des trespass und der action for recovery of land sowie der deutschen Vindikation analysiert. Primär geht es dabei um die jeweiligen Anspruchsvoraussetzungen und die Grenzen der Ansprüche, etwa in Form des gutgläubigen Erwerbs. Weiter geht die Arbeit aber auch auf Fragen des Beweisrechts, die Anwendungsfälle der Ansprüche und ihr Konkurrenzverhältnis zu anderen Ansprüchen sowie ihre Behandlung in der Insolvenz des Schuldners ein. Auf dieser Grundlage erfolgt dann eine Querschnittsanalyse der drei Rechtsordnungen. Sie geht insbesondere den Unterschieden beim Sachbegriff, dem Eigentums- und Besitzverständnis und dem Verhältnis von Herausgabe-, Schadensersatz- und Bereicherungsansprüchen nach und sucht nach Gründen für diese Unterschiede. Gleichzeitig werden generelle Schlussfolgerungen für das Verständnis des Eigentumsbegriffs und das Verhältnis der Konzepte Eigentum und Besitz zueinander gezogen.
eBook
Intellectual Property, Antitrust and Cumulative Innovation in the EU and the US
For decades, the debate about the tension between IP and antitrust law has revolved around the question to what extent antitrust should accept that IP laws may bar competition in order to stimulate innovation. The rise of IP rights in recent years has highlighted the problem that IP may also impede innovation, if research for new technologies or the marketing of new products requires access to protected prior innovation. How this ‘cumulative innovation’ is actually accounted for under IP and antitrust laws in the EU and the US, and how it could alternatively be dealt with, are the central questions addressed in this unique study by lawyer and economist Thorsten Käseberg. Taking an integrated view of both IP and antitrust rules — in particular on refusals to deal based on IP — the book assesses policy levers under European and US patent, copyright and trade secrecy laws, such as the bar for and scope of protection as well as research exemptions, compulsory licensing regimes and misuse doctrines. It analyses what the allocation of tasks is and should be between these IP levers and antitrust rules, in particular the law on abuse of dominance (Article 102 TFEU) and monopolisation (Section 2 Sherman Act), while particular attention is paid to the essential facilities doctrine, including pricing methodologies for access to IP. Many recent decisions and judgments are put into a coherent analytical framework, such as IMS Health, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline (in the EU), Apple (France), Orange Book Standard (Germany), Trinko, Rambus, NYMEX, eBay (US), Microsoft and IBM/T3 (both EU and US). Further topics covered include: IP protection for software, interoperability information and databases; industry-specific tailoring of IP; antitrust innovation market analysis; and the WTO law on the IP/antitrust interface.
eBook
Centralised Enforcement, Legitimacy and Good Governance in the EU
Article 226 EC is the central mechanism of enforcement in the EC Treaty, and has remained unchanged since the original Treaty of Rome. It provides the European Commission, as guardian of the Treaty, with a broad power of policing Member States’ conduct. Article 226 has been traditionally characterised as an arena of secretive negotiation focused on the sole function of effective enforcement. This study seeks to move beyond this approach by characterising Article 226 as a multi-functional mechanism within the Treaty. It does this by examining the central mechanism of enforcement through the normative lenses of legitimacy, good administration and good governance.
Centralised Enforcement, Legitimacy and Good Governance in the EU is interdisciplinary in nature, examining law in its political context. It focuses on how the institutions interact and react to competing policy pressures, and explores the tensions that lie at the heart of legitimacy in the actions of public actors by engaging with concepts such as democracy, legitimacy and good administration.
Scholars and policy-makers whose work explores Article 226 will find this work especially relevant. It will also appeal to those who are interested in enforcement and regulation in the international/EU arena, as well as those whose work considers concepts such as good governance, legitimacy, and accountability in the EU. It is also relevant to scholars engaged in the study of institutions and processes of interaction and change.
Melanie Smith is a Lecturer at the Law School Cardiff University, UK.
1. Introduction 2. Mind the Accountability Gap – Administrative Law and Legitimate Governance 3. Conceptualising Democracy, Legitimacy and the Development of Good Governance in the EU 4. The Management Game – Political Enforcement, Neutral Guardianship and Legal Uniformity 5. The Policy on Enforcement in an Era of Good Governance 6. The Impact of the European Ombudsman: Breaking down Barriers to Procedural Legitimacy 7. Conclusions
eBook
Labels of origin for food: local development, global recognition
Agri-food traditional, regional and typical products are an important resource for agricultural and rural development in many areas of the European Union. These Origin Labelled Products (OLPs) activate a complex system of relationships involving the local production and marketing and distribution systems, rural development dynamics and the consumer. Based on research conducted in European countries, this book provides an account of the current state of OLPs, enabling a better understanding of their characteristics and evolution in the agri-food system. It also assesses public policies at various levels and the effects of legal protection, financial support and public promotional initiatives on those involved, and consumers’ and citizens’ concerns and expectations.
eBook
Inclusion without Influence? NGOs in European Trade Policy
The actions of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) concerned with such issues as development, human rights, and the protection of the environment voicing concerns to public authorities raises the questions: Do these newly mobilised societal actors influence EU trade policy outcomes? We answer in the negative, arguing that such groups, which have diffuse costs and benefits from trade policies, do not dispose of resources with which they can threaten or enhance political actors' chances of re-election or re-appointment. A survey of NGOs and business groups as well as two in-depth case studies on the negotiations concerning the EU's Economic Partnership Agreements and the EU's policy on access to medicines in developing countries support our reasoning. The analysis shows that although NGOs have gained access to policy-makers, they have largely failed to shift policy outcomes in their favour.
Journal Article