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Agro-based weedy plants are ubiquitous globally and adversely impact the environment, agriculture, and human health. Thus, it would be a noteworthy accomplishment to mitigate the impact of these inescapable plants by repurposing them for beneficial ends. The present study employed the utilization of an agro-based weedy plant, namely “Urena lobata,” to manage agro-based waste effectively. For the first time, this study investigates the feasibility of manufacturing Urena lobata (UL) blend yarn in the ring spinning system. The Urena lobata (UL) fiber, which is naturally extracted, is a bast fiber with a long staple length. This fiber is processed into staple form and subsequently blended with cotton and polyester fibers. In this research, the maximum ratio of Urena lobata (UL) fiber in the form of chemically treated and untreated fiber was 25%, a homogenous blend with cotton and polyester to spun blend yarn using the conventional ring spinning system. Chemically treated and untreated 75/25% cotton/Urena lobata (CO/UL) and 75/25% Polyester/Urena lobata (PO/UL) blend yarns were characterized by their unevenness (U%), irregularity index (I), imperfection index (IPI), hairiness, and bundle yarn strength. Furthermore, optical microscopic images were utilized to observe the morphological characteristics of the fiber structure in the longitudinal view of the yarn. The Chemically treated Urena lobata (UL) blend yarn exhibited superior outcomes in comparison to untreated Urena lobata (UL) blend yarn. The chemical treatment of the blended yarn resulted in performance levels that fell within acceptable ranges. This indicates that the blended yarn can be deemed a sustainable blend component that is capable of meeting the current demand in the textile spinning industry.

In this paper, we propose a novel method for manufacturing a ring-spun slub yarn through multi-channel drafting using a computer numerically controlled (CNC) ring spinning frame. Through controlling the speeds of the feeding rollers, the apron rollers and the spindle, we can manipulate the blending ratio, linear density and twist of the spun yarn online, offering more degrees of freedom to configure fibers in the spun yarn. Furthermore, we develop a digital control system in conjunction with a CNC ring spinning machine, in which each CNC ring spinning machine serves as a drone machine that receives commands from a central computer. A self-developed management platform is designed to help the client manage these drone machines via online regulation. At last, a series of experiments are conducted to examine the impact of manufacturing parameters on the structures and properties of slub yarn. We found that the descriptive parameters that affect the breaking force of the slub yarn samples are the slub length, slub distance, slub multiplier, and roving ratio. The parameters that affect the breaking elongation are obtained as the slub length, slub distance, slub multiplier, and twist coefficient.

Cellulose fibers, such as cotton and linen, are abundant in farmer’s fields. The traditional bottom-up technology to process these short staple fibers is spinning. State-of-the-art spinning technology requires not only high throughput processing of the cellulose fibers, but also the addition of functionalities and value into the supply chain. Recently, a modified ring spinning system has been developed which introduces a false twist into a traditional ring spinning frame. The modified system produces cellulose yarns that have a high strength but low twist, and a soft hand similar to cashmere. Unlike traditional textile finishing treatments which consume plenty of chemicals, water, and energy, this method is purely physical and sustainable. The superior properties of the modified cellulose yarns are attributed to the modified yarn morphology and structure. Theoretical investigation is, therefore, important in understanding of the spinning mechanisms of the modified ring spinning process that changes the morphology and structure of the cellulose yarns. In this paper, yarn behavior constrained to lie on a moving solid cylinder was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Equations of motion were derived based on the Cosserat theory and numerical solutions in steady-state were obtained in terms of yarn spatial path, yarn tension, twist distribution, yarn bending, and torsional moments. Effects of various spinning parameters including wrap angle, speed of the moving cylinder, yarn diameter, yarn tension, yarn twist, and frictional coefficient, on yarn behavior were discussed. The results suggested that in most cases the bending and torsional moments are of the same order of magnitude, and thus the effect of bending cannot be neglected. Experiments in the modified ring spinning system were conducted to verify the theoretical work, and good agreement has been made. Some simulation results of this study were compared with the results of earlier models as well as with experimental data, and it was found that the current model can obtain a more accurate prediction than previous models in terms of yarn twist and tension. The results gained from this study will enrich our understanding of the spinning mechanism of the modified ring spinning process and better handle of cellulose fibers for functional and value-added applications.

A modified ring spinning technology has been successfully applied to the production of yarns with reduced twist level and improved performance. Various US cottons and Chinese cottons have been covered in previous studies. In this paper, three combed rovings with different blending ratios of Upland and Extra Long cottons were adopted in a systematic investigation and evaluation on a fine modified ring yarn produced on a new modified spinning system that was developed to reduce the imperfections of fine yarns. The potentially important spinning parameters were proposed and their individual and interaction effects of spinning system parameters on the properties of fine modified ring yarn were quantitatively examined using the response surface methodology. Then with the optimum parameters, physical properties of the yarns and their knitted fabrics produced from three rovings were evaluated by comparing them with the conventional ones. Experimental results showed that yarns produced in the new modified spinning system had reduced imperfections; at low twist levels, fine modified yarns and resultant fabrics also showed improved performance. Moreover, properties of fiber materials and roving quality influenced the properties of modified yarns and knitted fabrics.

In the paper, one kind of super draft ring spinning frame with four drafting rollers and corresponding three drafting zones were introduced. The yarn qualities spun by the super draft ring spinning frame were analyzed by studying the shape of spinning triangles. Using the high speed camera system OLYMPUS i-speed3 and one kind of transparent front top roller, the spinning triangles were captured, and the geometry size of spinning triangle were measured. Then, according to the theoretical model of fiber tension in the spinning triangle, fiber tension distributions in the spinning triangles were presented by using Matlab software. Using the combed roving of 350 tex as raw material, three kinds of cotton yarns, 27.8 tex (21 S ), 18.2 tex (32 S ) and 14.6 tex (40 S ), were spun in the common ring spinning frame with three different suitable spindle speeds, travelers and twist factors. Using the combed roving of 350 tex and 500 tex as raw material, 14.6 tex cotton yarns were spun in the super draft ring spinning frame with three different drafting ratios at back zone. It is shown that with the increasing of spindle speed, a more asymmetric shape of spinning triangle would be produced, and lead to worsen yarn evenness. With the decreasing of traveler weight, the height and horizontal deviation of the spinning triangle is decreased, and may lead to better yarn evenness and less long hairiness. By taking suitable large yarn twist factors, the comprehensive qualities can be improved. Comparing with the common ring spinning, the spinning triangle is larger in the super draft ring spinning. That is, in the super draft ring spinning, the fibers in the strand in the front roller nip are more dispersed, and not benefit for yarn qualities. Therefore, the compact device was introduced into the super draft ring spinning, and the cotton pure yarns and blend yarns were spun, and the yarn qualities were measured and analyzed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quantitative relationships between the mechanical performance of a ring-spinning triangle and the spinning parameters by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The constituent fibers in the ring-spinning triangle are considered as three-dimensional elastic beam elements with tensile, compressive, torsional, and bending capabilities. The accuracy of the proposed FEM model in calculating the fiber tension distribution of the spinning triangle has been validated by comparing it with earlier models and experimental data. Compared with the earlier models, some important theoretical factors ignored previously, including the fiber torsional strain and the frictional contact of fibers with the bottom roller, are considered in the current model. With the input of various spinning parameters, some essential factors of the spinning triangle, including the fiber tension distribution and fiber torsion distribution, are numerically examined and their quantitative relationships are discussed in detail.

The main task of the technological process in existing spinning systems in the processing of natural, artificial and synthetic fibers into yarn is to obtain a ribbon, rovings and yarn uniform in structure and properties by folding and drawing. The article studies analytical dependences for calculating the angle of flow around the exhaust cylinder by the lobe on the spinning line of ring spinning machines. Analysis of the results of the experiment allows us to conclude that ensuring a constant clamping of the straps in the exhaust zone reduces the unevenness of the product during stretching.

The fabrication procedure of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs) with distinctive architecture, which employs elastane filament as a core and stainless steel filament combining with rayon assemblies as a helical winding around the extensible core, was demonstrated. Then, a single factorial-analysis technique was applied to investigate the effects of processing variables, i.e., strand spacing, twist level and spindle speed, on some physical characteristics and spinning geometries of the resultant yarns, in terms of breaking tenacity, extension at break, elasticity, hairiness, unevenness, and visual features. Then, the electrical behavior was conducted. It is well established that the preparatory process variables play a significant role in deciding the physical characteristics of the final yarns. The Relationship between spinning geometries and yarn properties were highlighted. Experimental results revealed that the optimized physical performances of t-ECCYs were obtained at 10.5 mm strand spacing, 700 T/m twist, and 7000 rpm spindle speed. The resultant t-ECCYs could be a high-valuable proposition for special purposes in electrical textiles. The yarn itself is available as a base sensor element with substantial stretch and high conductivity, and such yarns could be easily processed into fabrics by conventional textile means offering fabrics with good shape preservation based on superior elasticity, even electromagnetic shielding effectiveness with metal monofilament inside, and can thus be applied as lightweight miniature electronics in the future.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a new kind of ring spinning frame with four pairs of rollers, and they are the front roller and the front top roller, the first middle roller (FMR) and the first middle top roller (FMTR), the second middle roller and the second middle top roller, the back roller and the back top roller. The FMR is the front roller of middle draft zone, and the back roller of the front draft zone. Therefore, the deformation of FMTR during spinning is an important factor for yarn quality, which was studied in this paper. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, by finite element method (FEM), the pressure and deformation of FMTR were studied. FMTR made from steel and sleeved carbon fiber were compared. 5.8, 4.9 and 3.9 tex cotton yarns were spun, and corresponding numerical simulations of FMTR pressure and deformation were presented in ANSYS software and comparatively analyzed. Then, corresponding yarn qualities were compared. Findings – The results indicate that pressure and deformation of FMTR have little effects on yarn tenacity and hairiness, while have great effects on yarn evenness. For 5.8 and 4.9 tex cotton yarn, yarns spun by FMTR made from sleeved carbon fiber have larger pressure and deformation at the middle of nipper bites of FMR and FMTR, and yarn evenness is better. For 3.9 tex cotton yarns, at the middle of nipper bites of FMR and FMTR, FMTR made from steel has smaller pressure. But deformation of FMTR made from steel is larger, and yarn evenness is better. Originality/value – This paper studied pressure and deformation of FMTR by FEM, which serve as a theoretical underpinning for yarn spinning in three draft zones ring spinning machine.

The article presents an effective new constructive scheme and the principle of operation of the exhaust device of the ring spinning machine. The mathematical model and the results of solving the problem of oscillations of the axis of the composite squeezing roller of the drawing apparatus of the spinning machine have been determined. The recommended values of the roller parameters are given. Based on the analysis of the research results and the conditions for obtaining high-quality yarn, the recommended parameter values for each squeezing rollers were determined.