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"Risk-taking (Psychology) Social aspects."
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Edgework
What do skydiving, rock climbing, and downhill skiing have in common with stock-trading, unprotected sex, and sadomasochism? All are high risk pursuits. Edgework explores the world of voluntary risk-taking, investigating the seductive nature of pursuing peril and teasing out the boundaries between legal and criminal behavior; conscious and unconscious acts; sanity and insanity; acceptable risk and stupidity. The distinguished contributors to this collection profile high risk-takers and explore their experiences with risk through such topics as juvenile delinquency, street anarchism, sadomasochism, avant-garde art, business risks, and extreme sport.
eBook
Freaks of fortune : the emerging world of capitalism and risk in America
Until the 19th century, 'risk' was a specialized term: it was the commodity exchanged in a marine insurance contract. 'Freaks of Fortune' tells how the modern concept of risk emerged in the United States.
Book
Illegal Leisure Revisited
This book updates the progress into adulthood of the cohort of fourteen-year-olds who were recruited and tracked until they were eighteen years old. Illegal Leisure (1998) described their adolescent journeys and lifestyles, focusing on their early regular drinking and extensive 'recreational' drug use.
This new edition revisits these original chapters, providing commentaries around them to discuss current implications of the original publication, plus documenting and discussing the group at twenty-two and twenty-seven years of age. Illegal Leisure Revisited positions the journeys of these twenty-somethings against the ever-changing backdrop of a consumption-oriented leisure society, the rapid expansion of the British night-time economy and the place of substance use in contemporary social worlds. It presents to the reader the ways in which these young people have moved into the world of work, long-term relationships and parenthood, and the resulting changes in the function and frequency of their drinking and drug-use patterns. Amid dire public health warnings about their favourite intoxicants, and with the growing criminalisation of a widening array of recreational drugs, the book revisits these young people as they continue as archetypal citizens in a risk society.
The book is ideal reading for researchers and undergraduate students from a variety of fields, such as developmental and social psychology, sociology, criminology, cultural and health studies. Professionals working in criminal justice, health promotion, drugs education, harm reduction and treatment will also find this book an invaluable resource.
eBook
Assessing social cognition and risk-taking behaviour in patients with young-onset dementia: Study protocol for the YOD-RiSoCo observational prospective cohort study
Certain subtypes of young onset dementia (YOD), such as the behavioural variant of FTD or the behavioural variant of AD (bvYOD), present with changes in social behaviour instead of memory impairments. These symptoms are often under-recognized, delaying the diagnosis and contributing to psychosocial problems. Impairments in social cognition (SC), an important affected domain in bvYOD, underlie these social behavioural changes. Especially emotional blunting and a lack of empathy in patients with bvYOD might be related to problematic social behaviour, such as risk-taking behaviour, which may potentially harm others. However, despite the importance of SC impairments in the diagnosis of YOD and the impact of SC impairments on social behaviour, there is a lack of valid and well normed measures for certain aspects of SC, such as emotion experience and empathy.
The YOD-RiSoCo study is an observational prospective cohort study, consisting of two separate, but related, studies. Study 1 includes 64 patients with bvYOD and 64 healthy controls to assess the sensitivity and validity of newly developed SC instruments for measuring emotion experience and empathy, by comparing their average group performance. Furthermore, validity of the new instruments will be assessed by analysing the associations of performances on these new tests with those on more traditional SC and other neurocognitive tests. Study 2 focuses on assessing to which extent SC measures relate to risk-taking behaviour. This study includes 20 patients with bvYOD and 20 healthy controls from Study 1, in addition to 20 patients with non-bvYOD (e.g. Alzheimer's dementia or vascular dementia) and 20 patients with serious brain injury affecting frontal networks. A specific question is whether the relationship between SC and risk-taking behaviour is generic (for all groups with SC impairments), or specific (not in dementia without SC impairments).
Results of the YOD-RiSoCo study will yield new, sensitive neuropsychological tests for aspect of social cognition, which may contribute to a more timely diagnosis of YOD, allowing earlier provision of appropriate counselling and care for patients and their close others. Furthermore, the study will contribute to a better identification of those social behavioural symptoms that negatively affect functioning and social relations.
The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov with identifier NCT06286293.
Journal Article
Impact of Bullying in Childhood on Adult Health, Wealth, Crime, and Social Outcomes
Bullying is a serious problem for schools, parents, and public-policymakers alike. Bullying creates risks of health and social problems in childhood, but it is unclear if such risks extend into adulthood. A large cohort of children was assessed for bullying involvement in childhood and then followed up in young adulthood in an assessment of health, risky or illegal behavior, wealth, and social relationships. Victims of childhood bullying, including those that bullied others (bully-victims), were at increased risk of poor health, wealth, and social-relationship outcomes in adulthood even after we controlled for family hardship and childhood psychiatric disorders. In contrast, pure bullies were not at increased risk of poor outcomes in adulthood once other family and childhood risk factors were taken into account. Being bullied is not a harmless rite of passage but throws a long shadow over affected people's lives. Interventions in childhood are likely to reduce long-term health and social costs.
Journal Article
Gambling in Connecticut adolescents: Prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, trauma exposure, suicidality, and other risk behaviors
Adolescent gambling is a public health concern and has been linked to suicidality, various risk behaviors, and poor health outcomes. However, there is a limited understanding of specific risk and protective factors that may influence gambling behavior in Connecticut adolescents, especially in changing gambling environments. This study examines relationships between adolescents reporting gambling in the past-year and a range of health risk behaviors including vaping, traumatic experiences, academic performance, and receipt of social support. Data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey in Connecticut high school students stratified by gambling status were examined in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Among 1,807 adolescents, past-year gambling was reported by 453 individuals [25.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.7–28.1%]. Gambling prevalence was higher among older males and lower in adolescents of Asian origin. Gambling was further associated with suicidality and risk behaviors including substance use, smoking [traditional tobacco and electronic vapor use], risky use of digital technologies, unsafe sex, and aggressive behaviors. Gambling was also associated with traumatic experiences, depression/dysphoria, poor academic performance, and less familial social support. The results provide an up-to-date estimate of the current prevalence and correlates of gambling among Connecticut adolescents. The results provide recent estimates of the prevalence and correlates of gambling among Connecticut adolescents. The findings highlight the need for further investigation of specific factors like social support that help with designing and implementing tailored interventions.
Journal Article
Risk Perception and Risk-Taking Behaviour during Adolescence: The Influence of Personality and Gender
This study investigated the influence of personality characteristics and gender on adolescents' perception of risk and their risk-taking behaviour. Male and female participants (157 females: 116 males, aged 13-20) completed self-report measures on risk perception, risk-taking and personality. Male participants perceived behaviours as less risky, reportedly took more risks, were less sensitive to negative outcomes and less socially anxious than female participants. Path analysis identified a model in which age, behavioural inhibition and impulsiveness directly influenced risk perception, while age, social anxiety, impulsiveness, sensitivity to reward, behavioural inhibition and risk perception itself were directly or indirectly associated with risk-taking behaviour. Age and behavioural inhibition had direct relationships with social anxiety, and reward sensitivity was associated with impulsiveness. The model was representative for the whole sample and male and female groups separately. The observed relationship between age and social anxiety and the influence this may have on risk-taking behaviour could be key for reducing adolescent risk-taking behaviour. Even though adolescents may understand the riskiness of their behaviour and estimate their vulnerability to risk at a similar level to adults, factors such as anxiety regarding social situations, sensitivity to reward and impulsiveness may exert their influence and make these individuals prone to taking risks. If these associations are proven causal, these factors are, and will continue to be, important targets in prevention and intervention efforts.
Journal Article