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This study aimed to define the spatial arrangement of brittled fault zones and their internal architecture by integrated evaluations of borehole core and well-log data from a group of wells in the central part of Pannonian Basin. Spatial correlations between the reconstructed 1D lithologic columns revealed the main structural elements of the Szeghalom Dome. The low-angle thrust faults most likely developed due to north-northwest vergent Cretaceous nappe tectonics. A complex system of normal faults throughout the basement highly provides evidence of intense Miocene extensional tectonic activity. This phase of the geodynamic evolution of the basin is believed to be responsible for the horst-graben structure of the Szeghalom Dome. The integration of the structural results with datasets of the palaeo-fluid evolution, recent production and fracture network geometry, indicates the importance of these fault zones in both the migration of hydrocarbons from the adjacent sub-basins to the overlying sediments and the development of significant storage capacity within the strongly fractured rock masses.

In the 1960s, The Beatles would address like no other musical act a radical shift in the cultural mindset of the late twentieth century. Through tools of \"electric technology,\" this shift encompassed the decline of visual modes of perception and the emergence of a \"way-of-knowing\" based increasingly on sound. In this respect, the musical works of The Beatles would come to resonate with and ultimately reflect Marshall McLuhan's ideas on the transition into a culture of \"all-at-once-ness\": a simultaneous world in which immersion in vibrant global community increasingly trumps the fixed viewpoint of the individual. By engaging with recording technologies in a way that no popular act had before, The Beatles opened up for exploration the acoustical space precipitated by this shift. In The Beatles and McLuhan: Understanding the Electric Age, scholar and musician Thomas MacFarlane examines how the incorporation of electric technology in The Beatles' art would enhance their musical impact. MacFarlane surveys the relationship between McLuhan's ideas on the nature and effects of electric technology and The Beatles own engagement of that technology; offers analyses of key works from The Beatles' studio years, with particular attention paid to the presence of cultural metaphors embedded in the medium of multi-track recording; and collates these data to offer stunning conclusions about The Beatles' creative process in the recording studio and its cultural implications. This work also features the first published transcriptions ever of the complete filmed conversation between John Lennon and Marshall McLuhan on their respective ideas, as well as an interview between MacFarlane and McLuhan's son and executor, Michael McLuhan, on his father's and the Beatles' legacy. The Beatles and McLuhan will interest scholars and students of music and music history, recording technology, media studies, communications, and popular culture.

A comprehensive introduction to the inner workings of rock music, The Foundations of Rock goes back to the heart of the music itself from the time of its birth through the end of classic rock. Walter Everett expertly takes readers through all aspects of the music and its lyrics, leading fans and listeners to new insights and new ways to develop their own interpretations of the aural landscapes of their lives. Written with style, Everett does not depend on musical notation nor professional jargon, but rather combines text with nearly 300 newly written audio examples (performed on the companion website) and more than 100 expertly chosen photographs, to offer a rich text-and-web experience that brings new meanings to songs that have dominated music for a half-century. Through careful illustration, frequently citing the most familiar and pertinent examples from throughout the 1955-1970 period, The Foundations of Rock covers the nature and use of all musical instruments and vocal qualities; reveals the many different ways that phrases and sections of songs can be combined; discusses the materials and patterns in melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic invention; explains the many important ways that producers and engineers add to the artistry; and finally suggests paths for combining an understanding of all of these elements with interpretations of a song's lyrics. This is all done in thorough detail, and always with an ear towards the possible meanings such techniques convey in a music that has had a profound impact upon our world. In doing so, Everett helps readers create new depths of understanding and appreciation. Hundreds of memorable hit songs are referred to in order to illustrate every individual point, while twenty-five diverse classics of the period have been chosen for very close hearing from multiple perspectives. The reader will come away with a much deeper appreciation of the music of the Beatles and the Stones, the Supremes and the Temptations, the Dead and Janis, Elvis and Buddy Holly, the Beach Boys and the Rascals.

We investigated the magma conduit system beneath three active craters that have repeatedly generated Vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, by analysing seismic, infrasound, and tilt data. The hypocentres of the earthquakes associated with the Vulcanian eruptions are distributed separately at shallow depths of approximately 0.5 km beneath the craters. Infrasound indicated that the swelling of the crater floor starts approximately 0.2 s after the occurrence of earthquakes and that the eruption starts about 0.3 to 0.5 s later. During an eruption, tilt vectors at a station approximately 2.7 km far from the active craters indicated a deflationary trend directed toward one of the three active craters. A 1-D conduit flow simulation indicated pressure build-up at a depth of 0.4–1.0 km beneath the crater, consistent with previously reported pressure sources during eruptions detected by geodesy. Volcanic lapilli emitted from the three craters have the same chemical composition; hence, Vulcanian eruptions of all three studied craters originate from a common magma source.

Non-Newtonian fluids may cause nonlinear seepage even for a single-phase flow. Through digital rock technologies, the upscaling of this non-Darcy flow can be studied; however, the requirements for scanning resolution and sample size need to be clarified very carefully. This work focuses on Bingham fluid flow in tight porous media by a pore-scale simulation on CT-scanned microstructures of tight sandstones. A bi-viscous model is used to depict the Bingham fluid. The results show that when the Bingham fluid flows through a rock sample, the flowrate increases at a parabolic rate when the pressure gradient is small and then increases linearly with the pressure gradient. As a result, an effective permeability and a start-up pressure gradient can be used to characterize this flow behavior. By conducting flow simulations at varying sample sizes, we obtain the representative element volume (REV) for effective permeability and start-up pressure gradient. It is found that the REV size for the effective permeability is almost the same as that for the absolute permeability of Newtonian fluid. The interesting result is that the REV size for the start-up pressure gradient is much smaller than that for the effective permeability. The results imply that the sample size, which is large enough to reach the REV size for Newtonian fluids, can be used to investigate the Bingham fluids flow through porous media as well.

This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) geostatistical model of the Ciénaga de Oro Formation in the southern Sinú–San Jacinto Basin (Colombia), integrating structural, sedimentological, and petrophysical data to identify new hydrocarbon storage-prone zones. The structural model was constructed from seismic interpretation, well log correlation, and velocity models derived from VSP and check shots. Sedimentological models were generated by means of facies definition through field—outcrops description, well-log analysis, integrating computed tomography and digital rock analysis (Digital SCAL), complemented by automatic facies classification through a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network. In this framework, Petrophysical properties, including porosity, permeability, density and clay volume, were interpolated using geostatistical sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) and kriging, accounting for directional anisotropy (N45W), using the previously defined structural model as a basis. Analysis of the ANH-SSJ-La Estrella-1X and ANH-SSJ-Nueva Esperanza-1X wells revealed reservoir variability: clean sandstones associated with distributary channels exhibited the highest quality (Φ > 20%, K > 1000 mD), while heterolithic sandstones linked to delta-front mouth bars were identified as new secondary reservoir-prone zones (Φ > 10%, K > 10 mD). The proposed methodology provides a robust, integrated and replicable workflow for reservoir characterization in complex sedimentary environments and reduces exploration uncertainty, supporting both prospect evaluation and development planning.

Digital rock analysis (DRA) has exhibited strong ability and significant potential to help people to image geological microstructures and understand transport mechanisms in rocks underground, especially for unconventional reservoirs like tight sandstone and shale. More and more new technologies have been developed for higher resolutions, which always come with higher expense. However, the balance between cost (money and time) and benefit has never been figured out quantitatively for these studies. As the cost and benefit are directly related to image resolution and size, this work is focusing on whether there is a critical resolution and sample size when using DRA for accurate enough predictions of rock properties. By numerically changing the digital resolutions of the reconstructed structures from high-resolution micro-computed tomography (CT) scanned tight rock samples, it is found that the permeability predictions get stable when the resolution is higher than a cut-off resolution (COR). Different from physical rocks, the representative element volume (REV) of a digital rock is influenced by the digital resolution. The results of pore-scale modeling indicate that once sample size is larger than the critical sample size and the scan resolution higher than the critical resolution for a given rock, the predicted rock properties by DRA are accurate and representative.

In order to investigate the effects of the natural gas hydrate cementation mode on the physical properties of rocks, three-dimensional digital rocks with different hydrate cementation modes were constructed using the process simulation method and algorithm of hydrate cementation and growth; the finite element method and lattice Boltzmann method were then used to simulate the physical properties of rocks. The results show that the hydrate cementation mode has a great influence on the rock conductivity, stiffness and pore connectivity, controlling resistivity, the elastic modulus, permeability and other physical property parameters of rock respectively. Under the same hydrate saturation conditions, rock with hydrate occurring in the throats has a high resistivity, high elastic modulus and high permeability; whereas rock with hydrate precipitating within pores has low resistivity, low elastic modulus and low permeability. Among the three simulated hydrate cementation mode scenarios, the resistivity and elastic modulus all increase with the increase of hydrate saturation, however, rock permeability decreases with the increase of hydrate saturation. Rock with hydrate occurring in the pore throats is the most sensitive mode to the electricity and elasticity parameters of the three cementation modes, and rock with hydrate precipitating within pores is the most sensitive mode to permeability.

This paper introduces instrumental photon activation analysis (IPAA) utilizing short-lived products of photonuclear reactions, mainly (γ, n) and (γ, p), initiated by bremsstrahlung from the MT-25 microtron. A rapid nondestructive IPAA method for geochemical major element analysis is introduced as a tool for the basic geochemical characterization of rocks. Procedures were developed and parameters such as beam energy and irradiation-decay-counting times optimized with a representative set of geochemical reference materials, and an optimized scheme was applied in analysis of various geological samples. A complete analytical scheme combined with long-time irradiation IPAA and the possibility of utilization of photoexcitation reactions (γ, γ′) are briefly outlined.

Several pottery sherds from the Svilengrad-Brantiite site, Bulgaria, were mineralogically and petrographically analyzed. The aim was to add information to the very scarce material data available for Early Bronze Age pottery in the southeastern Thrace plain, Bulgaria, in order to examine a possible raw-material source of the pottery. The characterization techniques applied were optical microscopy (OM), petrographic microscopy (PM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The pottery samples consisted of two typological groups: a local-made type and a cord-impressed decoration type influenced by foreign cultures. All of the samples were produced from fine clay pastes that had a quite similar composition, with abundant mineral grains of similar mineral composition and fragments of metamorphic and granitic rocks. The chemical compositions of each mineral in the grains and fragments were almost identical, and consistent with those from metamorphic and granitic rocks from the Sakar-Strandja Mountains near the study site. The clay paste compositions corresponded to those of illite/smectite mixed-layer clay minerals or mixtures of illite and smectite, and the clay-mineral species were consistent with those in Miocene–Pleistocene or Holocene sediments surrounding the site.