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"Rogers, Carl"
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Psychology : essential thinkers, classic theories, and how they inform your world
Bridging the gap between the theoretical and real-life, Bonior looks at the biggest names, ideas, and studies in the history of psychology and translates their meaning to everyday situations and relationships.
Book
The whole person beneath the drapes: a philosophical reflection on human-centeredness in the operating room
Background
In the highly technical and time-pressured environment of the operating room (OR), patients may risk becoming physically present yet experientially absent and ontologically overlooked. “Experiential absence” refers to the loss of the patient’s subjectivity when their voice and awareness are silenced under anesthesia, while “ontological absence” refers to the erosion of their recognition as a person of inherent moral worth. Drapes, protocols, and clinical shorthand can unintentionally reinforce this absence. While such detachment supports surgical focus, it raises pressing ethical questions.
Methods
This paper undertakes a philosophical reflection drawing on René Descartes’
Meditations
and Carl Rogers’ humanistic psychology. Primary texts from both authors are engaged to examine how Cartesian dualism has shaped depersonalizing tendencies in biomedicine, and how Rogers’ principles of empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard can reframe ethical care in surgery.
Results
Three interrelated dimensions are identified. First, the paper distinguishes between necessary clinical objectivity and harmful detachment, arguing that the latter undermines ethical regard. Second, it reconceptualizes the anesthetized patient as morally present despite unconsciousness, emphasizing that vulnerability under anesthesia heightens the ethical duty of care. Third, it reframes the surgical team as a therapeutic environment, where interpersonal respect and psychological safety influence how patient dignity is upheld.
Conclusions
Integrating Rogers’ philosophy into the OR does not compromise technical precision but deepens it with moral clarity. By recognizing both the experiential silence and the ontological presence of the anesthetized patient, surgical teams can align technical excellence with ethical responsibility. This perspective expands patient-centered care into a more robust person-centered ethic, positioning surgery not only as a technical intervention but also as a profoundly moral encounter.
Journal Article
Psychology's Grand Theorists
Psychology's Grand Theorists argues that the three schools in psychology that have been dominant historically-the psychodynamic, behavioral, and phenomenological-have resulted in large part from the personal experiences of their originators. Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, and Carl Rogers each believed that he had discovered the truth about human nature, yet their truths are entirely different. This book explores how the lives of these men influenced the divergent theories they developed, through a close examination of letters, diaries, biographies, autobiographies, and professional writings. Uncovering the subjective sources of these theories, the book gives the reader a greater sense of intimacy with each man's ideas, and promotes critical inquiry into their scientific status. The book is written in an engaging style that will appeal to a wide range of readers. Intended as a supplement in courses on personality, clinical psychology, and/or the history of psychology, it will also be of interest to clinicians or counselors who use one or more of these theoretical models in their therapeutic work.
eBook
Moments of meeting : Buber, Rogers, and the potential for public dialogue
Moments of Meeting tells the story of a uniquely important event in twentieth-century intellectual history, the 1957 public dialogue of philosopher Martin Buber and psychotherapist Carl Rogers, and explores the practical implications of that event for contemporary social and cultural theory. Supported by original historical research, close textual analysis, and a variety of interviews, the book illuminates the careers, theories, and practices of two of the last century’s foremost scholars of dialogue, while it clarifies what they shared in common. Following a careful case study of the Buber-Rogers public conversation about the dynamics of dialogue itself, the authors conclude that public dialogue cannot be built primarily upon skillful technique. Instead, we must support settings and attitudes that enable unique “moments of meeting.”
eBook
Actualization therapy : an integration of Rogers, Perls and Ellis
This educational film presents excerpts from the \"Three approaches to psychotherapy\", demonstrating and integrating the psychotherapy styles of doctors Rogers, Perls, and Ellis.
Streaming Video
Tutorial facilitation in the humanities based on the tenets of Carl Rogers
This article introduces a model for group facilitation in the humanities based on Carl Roger's model for group psychotherapy. Certain aspects of Carl Roger's reflective learning strategies are reappraised and principles, specific only to psychotherapy, are introduced. Five of Rogers's axioms are applied to the tutorial discussion model: a non-directive approach, climate-setting, facilitation, reflective listening and positive regard. The model, which has been trialed in tutorials at The University of Queensland encourages active learning, self-direction and critical thinking. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).
Journal Article
Carl Rogers' Helping System
`This book... is not a single \"meal\" in itself but a positive \"larder\" containing every imaginable staple food and condiment all exquisitely and thoroughly researched. The book took Goff Barrett-Lennard 20 years to write and it will stand as a reference text for person-centred specialists for longer than that... an essential reference text... and a pantry full of delicious surprises′ - Counselling, The Journal of the British Association for Counselling `Probably the most important piece of work on the person-centred approach to have emerged in recent years... an essential source of reference for anyone with a serious interest in the person-centred approach′ - Counselling News Wri.
eBook
Student vs. ChatGPT in Rogerian Argument: A Diction 7.2 and Qualitative Content Analysis
While research on AI-generated writing is expanding, there are no studies that have systematically compared AI-generated and student-written Rogerian arguments. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to investigate the rhetorical abilities of university students and ChatGPT 4.0 in crafting Rogerian arguments. Using Diction 7.2 software, the research analyzed rhetorical elements such as optimism, commonality, and key subcategories. Additionally, a qualitative content analysis assessed how effectively each text engaged with opposing perspectives. Diction 7.2 analysis provided standardized scores based on a normative database of over 50,000 texts, allowing for a comparative evaluation of rhetorical tone and language patterns. Findings indicated that while ChatGPT demonstrated greater consistency in leveling and commonality, students outperformed AI in personalizing their rhetoric, demonstrating empathy, and reducing ideological polarization. ChatGPT’s use of inclusive and cooperative language was consistent but formulaic, whereas students displayed greater rhetorical adaptability and audience awareness. These findings highlight the pedagogical importance of Rogerian argument instruction in fostering student writers’ ability to engage meaningfully with opposing views. The study also underscores AI’s limitations in achieving the rhetorical depth, emotional intelligence, and contextual awareness necessary for modeling effective argumentation.
Journal Article
Reclaiming the “Human Factor”
During the Perestroika years, humanistic psychology experienced a remarkable surge in the Soviet Union. This upturn was typically attributed to Western influence. Yet this narrative of passive import overlooks the agency of Soviet psychologists who engaged with American ideas not as disciples, but as active partners responding to and shaping a broader professional and political transformation. This article examines the boom of humanistic psychology in the late 1980s as a dynamic process influenced by the unique context of Gorbachev’s reforms. The study highlights how Soviet professionals used exchanges with American psychologists - especially those from the Association for Humanistic Psychology (AHP) - to craft their own Perestroika. Gorbachev’s rhetoric of revitalizing the “human factor” opened up new possibilities for centering the individual in both therapy and education. Figures such as Carl Rogers, Ruth Sanford, and Virginia Satir catalyzed this shift through live demonstrations and collaborative workshops, but the redefinition of psychological practice was largely driven from within. Drawing on media coverage and professional reflections, the analysis shows how humanistic methods enabled Soviet practitioners to overcome state-imposed constraints. What emerged was not the wholesale adoption of Western models but a “Perestroika from below” among late-Soviet humanistic psychologists: a grassroots reimagining of the discipline that paralleled and occasionally outpaced official reforms. This ‘Perestroika from below’ included creating a new, robust professionalism, forming independent institutions, and reclaiming state-dominated language.
Journal Article
A New Measure of the Rogerian Schema of the Good Listener
Sustainable social relationships can be produced by good listening. Good listening may be exhibited by people who endorse Carl Rogers’s schema of good listening; a set of beliefs about what constitutes high-quality listening. To measure it, in Study One, we constructed 46 items. In Study Two, we administered them to 476 participants and discovered three factors: belief that listening can help the speaker, trusting the ability of the speaker to benefit from listening, and endorsing behaviors constituting good listening. These results suggested a reduced 27-item scale. In Study Three, we translated the items to Hebrew and probed some difficulties found in the last factor. In Study Four, we administered this scale in Hebrew to a sample of 50 romantic couples, replicated the factorial structure found in Study Two, and showed that it predicts the partner’s listening experience. In Study Five, we administered this scale to 190 romantic couples, replicated Study Four, and obtained evidence for test–retest reliability and construct validity. In Study Six, we obtained, from the same couples of Study Five, eight months after measuring their listening schema, measures of relationship sustainability—commitment, trust, and resilience. We found that the listening schema of one romantic partner predicts the relationship sustainability reported by the other romantic partner and showed incremental validity over the listener’s self-reported listening. This work contributes to understanding the essence of good listening, its measurement, and its implications for sustainable relationships.
Journal Article