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"Romanian language Word order."
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The Effects of the Slavic–Balkan Contact on Lipovan Daco-Romanian
This paper offers both a descriptive account and an analysis of the possible consequences of linguistic contact between the Daco-Romanian variety spoken by the Lipovan community and Russian (starting from a fieldwork-based corpus study) regarding (low) verb movement in neutral readings, ultimately reflected in the preference for [adv-v] word order. The situation identified in Lipovan Daco-Romanian will be compared with that of old and standard Daco-Romanian, Moldovan Daco-Romanian, and Russian.
Journal Article
Istro-Romanian Subjunctive Clauses
This paper aims to define the featural composition of the complementizers that introduce subjunctive complements in Istro-Romanian, and to identify the internal organization of the subjunctive clause in terms of subject positions, verb movement, clitic placement and constituent fronting. In a nutshell, the observation is that the complementizer neca replaces se within the syntactic pattern of Old Romanian; that is, a pattern that displays intra- and inter-language variation with respect to the distribution of complementizers within the subjunctive CP. Tests of word order also indicate intra-language variation in the parametric settings for clitic placement (either high or low), for the argumental subject position (either in Spec,TP, yielding SVO, or in Spec,vP, yielding VSO) and for constituent movement under discourse triggers (either scrambling or fronting to CP).
Journal Article
Wh-Interrogative Clauses in Istro-Romanian
This paper focuses on the syntax of interrogative clauses in Istro-Romanian. The aim is to determine the parametric settings for V-to-C, subject placement (SVO or VSO) and the target for constituent movement under discourse triggers. The findings indicate that Istro-Romanian preserved the parametric settings from Old Romanian, especially those that converged with the parametric settings in Croatian grammar. In particular, SVO can be explained only through inheritance, whereas VSO, lack of V-to-C and scrambling are a matter of both inheritance and convergence with Croatian.
Journal Article
Romance and Croatian in Contact: Non-Clitic Auxiliaries in Istro-Romanian
This paper focuses on Istro-Romanian and argues that the TAM auxiliaries of this variety are not morphophonological clitics. This analysis is supported by the existence of several empirical phenomena (auxiliary-licensed VP-ellipsis, scrambling, and interpolation), some not found in modern Romance, others very rare in modern Romance. This property of Istro-Romanian auxiliary verbs accounts, in conjunction with other features of this variety (e.g., the availability of C-oriented and I-oriented pronominal clitics), for the massive variation in the word order of pronominal clitics, auxiliaries, and the lexical verb found in the Istro-Romanian sentential core. An endangered Romance variety spoken in Istria and in the diaspora, historically related to (Daco-)Romanian, Istro-Romanian has been in contact with Croatian since the settlement of Istro-Romanians in the Istrian peninsula. As some of the Istro-Romanian features and phenomena are found both in Croatian and in old Romanian, it appears that contact with Croatian acts as a catalyst of structural convergence engendering the retention of an archaic property of Istro-Romanian auxiliaries: a lower position on the grammaticalization cline, closer to the full word status of their etyma.
Journal Article
Contact-induced variation in Transylvanian Saxon verb clusters
This article illustrates two-verb clusters in Viscri Saxon, a dialect of Transylvanian Saxon (TrSax) spoken in Viscri, Romania, along with Romanian and Standard German. The orders found in Viscri Saxon verb clusters are encountered in West Germanic varieties related to TrSax (e.g. Moselle Franconian, Luxembourgish), but the distributions differ from the ones discussed in other varieties (Dubenion-Smith 2010, Wurmbrand 2017). I argue that word-order variation in Viscri Saxon is the result of syntactic transfer from Standard German, and show that there is flexible distribution between possible word orders. Furthermore, speakers with different linguistic profiles use the available constructions to different degrees, thus illustrating the roles of German and Romanian in the progression of contact-induced changes in Viscri Saxon.
Journal Article
Not all wh-dependencies are created equal: processing of multiple wh-questions in Romanian children and adults
The aim of this study was to examine the acquisition and processing of multiple who- and which-questions in Romanian that display ordering constraints and involve exhaustivity. Toward that aim, typically developing Romanian children (mean age 8.3) and adults participated in a self-paced listening experiment that simultaneously investigated online processing and offline comprehension of multiple wh-questions. The study manipulated the type of wh-phrase (who/which) and the order in which these elements appear (subject–object [SO]/object–subject [OS]). The response to the comprehension question could address the issue of exhaustivity because we measured whether participants used an exhaustive or a non-exhaustive response. Our findings reveal that both children and adults slow down when processing who- as compared to which-phrases, but only adults show an online sensitivity to ordering constraints in who-questions. Accuracy is higher with multiple who- than which-questions. The latter pose more difficulties for comprehension, particularly in the OS order. We relate this to intervention effects similar to those proposed for single which-questions. The lack of intervention effects in terms of reaction times indicates that these effects occur at a later stage, after participants have heard the whole sentence and when they interpret its meaning.
Journal Article
CHALLENGES IN ROMANIAN/ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY
THE UNDELYING RESEARCH FOCUSSES ON THE CURRENT USE OF ENGLISH (FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES)BY (FUTURE) PROFESSIONALS IN VARIOUS DOMAINS. AS THE PREVALENT INTERNATIONALCOMMUNICATION MEDIUM, ENGLISH BECOMES A KEY FACTOR FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTHE CURRENT CONTEXT OF INFORMATION EXCHANGE. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LINGUISTICSPROVIDE THE NOTIONAL FRAMEWOK NECESSARY FOR OPTIMAL RESULTS OF TRANSLATION INSPECIFIC OCCUPATIONAL AREAS. CONVEYING DOMAIN-SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN ACADEMIC ANDPROFESSIONAL CONTEXTS/SITUATIONS IMPLIES TRANSFER OF MEANING BY MEANS OF ACCURATETRANSLATION OF FIELD-RELATED TERMINOLOGY. FOR ATTAINING HIGHEST SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE,THE TERM CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SOURCE AND TARGET LANGUAGE NEEDS TO BE FURTHERINVESTIGATED. BESIDES FORMAL AND NOTIONAL OVERLAPPING OR SIMILARITY OF NUMEROUS TERMSTHAT ARE ETHYMOLOGICALLY LINKED, THERE ARE ALSO COUNTLESS SITUATIONS, WHERE DEFINING,DISAMBIGUATION AND TERMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH ARE NECESSARY IN ORDER TO PROVIDEACCEPTABLE SOLUTIONS FOR TRANSLATION DIFFICULTIES, INCLUDING: SYNONYMY; POLYSEMY;PARTIAL OR CONTEXTUAL SYNONYMY; LACK OF SPECIFIC TERMS IN TARGET LANGUAGE;TRANSLATION BY DEFINITION; COMPLETE TERMINOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE OR MISLEADING FORMALEQUIVALENCE/SIMILARITY BETWEEN SEMANTICALLY DIFFERENT TERMS. EXAMPLES OF SUCHSITUATIONS ARE TERMINOLOGICALLY INVESTIGATED IN ORDER TO HIGHLIGHT POSSIBLECHALLENGES THAT ARE MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR IN TRANSLATIONS PRODUCED FOR ACQUISITION,COMPREHENSION OR DISSEMINATION DOMAIN-SPECIFIC INFORMATION.
Journal Article
On Multiple Wh-Fronting
I show that multiple wh-fronting languages (MWFL) do not behave uniformly regarding wh-movement and eliminate MWFL from the crosslinguistic typology concerning wh-movement in multiple questions. Regarding when they have wh-movement, MWFL behave like non-MWFL: some behave like English (they always have wh-movement), some like Chinese (they never have it), and some like French (they have it optionally although, as in French, wh-movement is sometimes required). MWFL differ from English, Chinese, and French in that in MWFL even wh-phrases that do not undergo wh-movement still must front for an independent reason, argued to involve focus. The fronting has several exceptions (semantic, phonological, and syntactic in nature), explanation for which leads me to posit a new type of in-situ wh-phrase and argue for the possibility of pronunciation of lower copies of chains.
Journal Article
TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SOME LINGUISTIC STRUCTURES OF THE BIBLICAL DISCOURSE: A COMPARATIVE-CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS (ROMANIAN, FRENCH AND ENGLISH)
The analysis of some linguistic structures that are defining for the biblical discourse will capture both, the differences and the similarities of construction encountered in all the three languages taken into discussion. The paper attempts to focus on some morphosyntactic elements (the categories of tense and mood being mostly emphasized) and on the changes that might appear at the level of canonical word order, for example emphatic constructions and verb elliptical structures, some discourse related issues being also mentioned.
Journal Article