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Statistical Properties of the Distribution and Generation of Kinetic‐Scale Flux Ropes in the Terrestrial Dayside Magnetosheath
The generation of kinetic‐scale flux ropes (KSFRs) is closely related to magnetic reconnection. Both flux ropes and reconnection sites are detected in the magnetosheath and can impact the dynamics upstream of the magnetopause. In this study, using the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellite, 12,623 KSFRs with a scale <20 RCi are statistically studied in the Earth's dayside magnetosheath. It is found that they are mostly generated near the bow shock (BS), and propagate downstream in the magnetosheath. Their quantity significantly increases as the scale decreases, consistent with a flux rope coalescence model. Moreover, the solar wind parameters can control the occurrence rate of KSFRs. They are more easily generated at high Mach number, large proton density, and weak magnetic field strength of the solar wind, similar to the conditions that favor BS reconnection. Our study shows a close connection between KSFR generation and BS reconnection. Plain Language Summary Kinetic‐scale flux ropes (KSFRs) exist widely in near‐earth space and play an important role in mass transport, energy conversion, and dissipation during magnetic field reconnection. The KSFR in the magnetosheath can be generated by reconnection in three regions: the magnetopause, the magnetosheath, and the BS. The spatial distribution of KSFRs can indirectly reflect the reconnection situation in the magnetosheath. We use various methods to select the KSFRs and study their spatial distribution and generation in the magnetosheath. Our results show that BS reconnection plays an important role in generating the KSFR in the magnetosheath. Key Points Kinetic‐scale flux ropes observed in the magnetosheath are primarily generated near the bow shock (BS) and travel to downstream magnetosheath The quantity of flux ropes significantly increases as their scale decreases, which is in accordance with the FR coalescence model The occurrence of flux ropes is influenced by solar wind parameters, and could strongly correlate with BS reconnection
Journal Article
The kids' guide to jumping rope
Readers learn about the sport of jumping rope, including how-to inf info on jumps and tricks.
Book
A skipping day
\"Jake and his friends Izzy and Cubby outsmart Captain Hook in this story based on the hit Disney Junior preschool series Jake and the Never Land Pirates.
Book
Rope on Rope: Reducing Residual Vibrations in Rope-Based Anchoring System and Rope-Driven Façade Operation Robot
Maintenance of the exteriors of buildings with convex façades, such as skyscrapers, is in high demand in urban centers. However, manual maintenance is inherently dangerous due to the possibility of accidental falls. Therefore, research has been conducted on cleaning robots as a replacement for human workers, e.g., the dual ascension robot (DAR), which is an underactuated rope-driven robot, and the rope-riding mobile anchor (RMA), which is a rope-riding robot. These robots are equipped with a convex-façade-cleaning system. The DAR and RMA are connected to each other by a rope that enables vibration transmission between them. It also increases the instability of the residual vibration that occurs during the operation of the DAR. This study focused on reducing the residual vibrations of a DAR to improve the stability of the overall system. Because it is a rope-on-rope (ROR) system, we assumed it to be a simplified serial spring–damper system and analyzed its kinematics and dynamics. An input-shaping technique was applied to control the residual vibrations in the DAR. We also applied a disturbance observer to mitigate factors contributing to the system uncertainty, such as rope deformation, slip, and external forces. We experimentally validated the system and assessed the effectiveness of the control method, which consisted of the input shaper and disturbance observer. Consequently, the residual vibrations were reduced.
Journal Article
Effects of fishing rope strength on the severity of large whale entanglements
Entanglement in fixed fishing gear affects whales worldwide. In the United States, deaths of North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) have exceeded management limits for decades. We examined live and dead whales entangled in fishing gear along the U.S. East Coast and the Canadian Maritimes from 1994 to 2010. We recorded whale species, age, and injury severity and determined rope polymer type, breaking strength, and diameter of the fishing gear. For the 132 retrieved ropes from 70 cases, tested breaking strength range was 0.80–39.63 kN (kiloNewtons) and the mean was 11.64 kN (SD 8.29), which is 26% lower than strength at manufacture (range 2.89–53.38 kN, mean = 15.70 kN [9.89]). Median rope diameter was 9.5 mm. Right and humpback whales were found in ropes with significantly stronger breaking strengths at time of manufacture than minke whales (Balaenoptera acuturostrata) (19.30, 17.13, and 10.47 mean kN, respectively). Adult right whales were found in stronger ropes (mean 34.09 kN) than juvenile right whales (mean 15.33 kN) and than all humpback whale age classes (mean 17.37 kN). For right whales, severity of injuries increased since the mid 1980s, possibly due to changes in rope manufacturing in the mid 1990s that resulted in production of stronger ropes at the same diameter. Our results suggest that broad adoption of ropes with breaking strengths of ≤7.56 kN (≤1700 lbsf) could reduce the number of life‐threatening entanglements for large whales by at least 72%, and yet could provide sufficient strength to withstand the routine forces involved in many fishing operations. A reduction of this magnitude would achieve nearly all the mitigation legally required for U.S. stocks of North Atlantic right and humpback whales. Ropes with reduced breaking strength should be developed and tested to determine the feasibility of their use in a variety of fisheries.
Journal Article
101 best jump rope workouts
\"A jump rope is the most effective fitness equipment you can own. It is versatile, portable, and efficient. Buddy Lee, recognized internationally as the world's expert at jump rope fitness, provides 100 challenging, dynamic and varied workouts in this unique collection. Simple and effective, these jump rope workouts can be done anywhere and anytime. Whether looking for a fun way to increase your fitness results or overcome a fitness plateau and reach new heights, The Jump Rope Workout Handbook shows you how. The Jump Rope Workout Handbook compiles a collection of more than 100 jump rope workouts optimized for effective weight loss, increased cardiovascular health, and improved athletic ability.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Impact behavior of nylon kernmantle ropes for high-altitude fall protection
Aiming at the problem that the existing rope falling device can only detect the impact force and cannot synchronously detect the impact displacement, this paper introduces a large-range high-precision displacement sensor and constructs a rope impact force-displacement detection device. Taking the nylon kernmantle rope for high-altitude fall protection commonly used in aerial work and rock climbing as the research object, the impact response behavior of the rope when drop mass is dropped once and repeatedly is systematically studied, and the impact force and impact displacement are discussed. Further, the evolution of the elastic modulus of the rope is discussed and this could provide theoretical support for the design of the impact-resistant rope structure and the rope impact protection.
Journal Article