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Purpose of Review From invertebrates to vertebrates, the ability to sense nutrient availability is critical for survival. Complex organisms have evolved numerous signaling pathways to sense nutrients and dietary fluctuations, which influence many cellular processes. Although both overabundance and extreme depletion of nutrients can lead to deleterious effects, dietary restriction without malnutrition can increase lifespan and promote overall health in many model organisms. In this review, we focus on age-dependent changes in stem cell metabolism and dietary interventions used to modulate stem cell function in aging. Recent Findings Over the last half-century, seminal studies have illustrated that dietary restriction confers beneficial effects on longevity in many model organisms. Many researchers have now turned to dissecting the molecular mechanisms by which these diets affect aging at the cellular level. One subpopulation of cells of particular interest are adult stem cells, the most regenerative cells of the body. It is generally accepted that the regenerative capacity of stem cells declines with age, and while the metabolic requirements of each vary across tissues, the ability of dietary interventions to influence stem cell function is striking. Summary In this review, we will focus primarily on how metabolism plays a role in adult stem cell homeostasis with respect to aging, with particular emphasis on intestinal stem cells while also touching on hematopoietic, skeletal muscle, and neural stem cells. We will also discuss key metabolic signaling pathways influenced by both dietary restriction and the aging process, and will examine their role in improving tissue homeostasis and lifespan. Understanding the mechanisms behind the metabolic needs of stem cells will help bridge the divide between a basic science interpretation of stem cell function and a whole-organism view of nutrition, thereby providing insight into potential dietary or therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of Review Intestinal stem cells, the most rapidly proliferating adult stem cells, are exquisitely sensitive to extrinsic dietary factors. Uncontrolled regulation of intestinal stem cells is closely linked to colon tumorigenesis. This review focuses on how dietary- and microbial-derived cues regulate intestinal stem cell functionality and colon tumorigenesis in mouse models by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Recent Findings AhR, a ligand-activated transcription factor, can integrate environmental, dietary, and microbial cues to modulate intestinal stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and their microenvironment, affecting colon cancer risk. Modulation of AhR activity is associated with many chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases where AhR expression is protective. Summary AhR signaling controls the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, influences local niche factors, and plays a protective role in colon tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that extrinsic nutritional/dietary cues which modulate AhR signaling may be a promising approach to colon cancer chemoprevention.

Purpose of Review Diet has profound impacts on health and longevity. Evidence is emerging to suggest that diet impinges upon the metabolic pathways in tissue-specific stem cells to influence health and disease. Here, we review the similarities and differences in the metabolism of stem cells from several tissues and highlight the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint in stem cell maintenance and aging. We discuss how diet engages the nutrient sensing metabolic pathways and impacts stem cell maintenance. Finally, we explore the therapeutic implications of dietary and metabolic regulation of stem cells. Recent Findings Stem cell transition from quiescence to proliferation is associated with a metabolic switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial OXPHOS and the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint is critically controlled by the nutrient sensors SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT7 in hematopoietic stem cells. Intestine stem cell homeostasis during aging and in response to diet is critically dependent on fatty acid metabolism and ketone bodies and is influenced by the niche mediated by the nutrient sensor mTOR. Summary Nutrient sensing metabolic pathways critically regulate stem cell maintenance during aging and in response to diet. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying dietary and metabolic regulation of stem cells provides novel insights for stem cell biology and may be targeted therapeutically to reverse stem cell aging and tissue degeneration.

  Driving under the influence is not a fireable offense under the union agreement for county correctional employees, county Manger Robert Lawton said, adding \"no disciplinary action we can disclose\" has been imposed against [Tamra J. Roper]. An arbitration panel approved the current union agreement for correctional employees in 2010 and didn't require any changes to the \"code of ethics,\" which regulates disciplinary action against correctional employees. Commissioners from the county's former system of government approved the prior union agreement in 2004, and the current agreement expires at the end of this year. Kingston police charged Roper with drunken driving at 2:42 a.m. Jan. 10, 2012, the arrest affidavit said. With glassy eyes and \"a strong odor\" of an alcoholic beverage \"emitting from breath,\" Roper told police \"she had a few alcoholic beverages, but insisted she was not drunk,\" the affidavit said.

In addition to Mr. [Harry J. Roper], also joining Jenner & Block as Partners are George S. Bosy, Raymond N. Nimrod, Steven R. Trybus, Aaron A. Barlow, Timothy J. Barron, John E. Titus, and Eric L. Lohrenz. Donald J. Quigg, formerly Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, and E. Eugene Innis will join as Of Counsel. Joining as Associates are David R. Bennett, Greg D. Bonifield, Emily M. Frank, Jason G. Harp, Jonathan Hill, Darrick J. Hooker, Paul D. Margolis, Scott A. Spencer, and Shehla F. Syed.

Survivors include his wife of fifty-six years, Betty Ann, Suisun; daughters, Carla (John) Nelson of Vallejo, Leslie (Brian) Green, Lincoln City, OR; and grandchildren, Andrew and Alexander Nelson, Lauren and Janna \"J.J.\" Green.

Survivors include two sons, Michael and Robert, both of Delavan; two daughters, Shirley Burlingame and Barbara Roper, both of Delavan; two sisters, Beverly Lowe, Denver, Ind., and Mary Roe, Elwood, Ind.; seven grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren.