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"Roses Varieties."
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Identification of Chemical Components in Three Types of Rose Essential Oils Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Methods
Currently, the main types of roses circulating in China include Jinbian Rose, Kushui Rose and Pingyin Rose. Each type of rose has slight differences in usage and efficacy. There are many varieties of roses, and the quality of rose essential oils varies greatly. Almost no research has systematically studied the essential oils of various roses. In this experiment, three types of roses (Jinbian Rose, Kushui Rose, and Pingyin Rose) were selected as research subjects based on their efficacy and variety in the market. Essential oils were extracted from the three types of roses using hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to qualitatively analyze the volatile substances in the essential oils of different varieties of roses. The three types of rose essential oils were identified and differentiated using chemometric methods (including HCA, PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA). On the one hand, based on the GC-MS analysis results, 40, 48, and 40 volatile components were detected in Jinbian Rose, Kushui Rose, and Pingyin Rose, respectively. The chemical compositions were primarily dominated by macromolecular compounds such as long-chain alkanes, organic acids, and esters. On the other hand, eight markers with significant identification values were identified to distinguish among the three types of roses. In conclusion, based on GC-MS analysis and chemometric methods, this experiment distinguishes and identifies three types of roses from the perspective of essential oil components for developing an effective strategy for the identification of rose varieties.
Journal Article
How to grow roses : a comprehensive illustrated directory of types and techniques
\"Roses are one of the world's best-loved flowers, and their sweet scent and long-lasting beauty make them indispensable in the garden. With over 200 varieties described and photographed, this book helps you to choose the right plant for your situation, from a free-flowering old rose to a delicate miniature. A Grower's Guide section shows how to maintain your roses, how to select healthy specimens, how to plant them, when to prune and how to propagate new plants. Whether they are grown singly or in conjunction with other plants, as hedges or ground cover, winding through a tree or in a container, there is a place for a rose in every garden\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Evaluation of Biological Efficacy of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Transeius montdorensis (Schicha) (Acari, Phytoseiidae) against the Red Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae) on Roses in the Laboratory
The efficacy of two predatory phytoseiid mite species,
Phytoseiulus persimilis
and
Transeius montdorensis
, against the spider mite
Tetranychus urticae
on rose plants of Kordana variety was evaluated in the laboratory. All variants of the experiment were carried out in triplicate over 14 days, at a temperature of +25°C and relative air humidity of 70–75%. At the end of the experiment with
Ph. persimilis
, the density of
T. urticae
decreased from 20.8 ± 0.9 to 0.9 ± 0.5 ind. per model leaf; the biological efficacy of the predator was 95.7%. In the variant with
T. montdorensis
, the density of
T. urticae
decreased from 20.1 ± 1.0 to 8.7 ± 1.1 ind. per leaf, and the biological efficacy did not exceed 63.0%. In the variant without predatory mites, the density of
T. urticae
increased by the end of the experiment from 22.4 ± 1.0 to 65.6 ± 1.5 ind. per leaf. A single release of
Ph. persimilis
at a predator : prey ratio of 1 : 10 was effective, but a single release of
T. montdorensis
failed to produce the expected result. Therefore, the latter species can only be used as an additional predator when other entomoacariphages are present in the greenhouse.
Journal Article
Micromorphological Aspects Regarding The Leaves On Some Roses With Emphasis On Secretory Glands
The multicellular glands, the epicuticular wax and the tector hairs observed on the leaves are influenced usually by genetic constitution. The paper investigating 8 genetically related varieties: 'Foc de Tabara', 'Luchian' 'Paprika', 'Coup De Foudre', 'Independence', 'M-me A. Meilland', 'Cocktail', 'Laminuette'. The micromorphological studies evidencing some characters with a certain value for diagnosis. These may be used in investigation concerning to the identification when the flower is absent. Our study underlines micromorphology aspects of glands, epicuticular wax and tector hairs. All of them were been examinating through scanning electron microscopy method.
Journal Article
Metabolic profile and transcriptome reveal the mystery of petal blotch formation in rose
Background
Petal blotch is a unique ornamental trait in angiosperm families, and blotch in rose petal is rare and has great esthetic value. However, the cause of the formation of petal blotch in rose is still unclear. The influence of key enzyme genes and regulatory genes in the pigment synthesis pathways needs to be explored and clarified.
Results
In this study, the rose cultivar ‘Sunset Babylon Eyes’ with rose-red to dark red blotch at the base of petal was selected as the experimental material. The HPLC-DAD and UPLC-TQ-MS analyses indicated that only cyanidin 3,5-
O
-diglucoside (Cy3G5G) contributed to the blotch pigmentation of ‘Sunset Babylon Eyes’, and the amounts of Cy3G5G varied at different developmental stages. Only flavonols but no flavone were found in blotch and non-blotch parts. As a consequence, kaempferol and its derivatives as well as quercetin and its derivatives may act as background colors during flower developmental stages. Despite of the differences in composition, the total content of carotenoids in blotch and non-blotch parts were similar, and carotenoids may just make the petals show a brighter color. Transcriptomic data, quantitative real-time PCR and promoter sequence analyses indicated that
RC7G0058400 (F3’H)
,
RC6G0470600 (DFR)
and
RC7G0212200 (ANS)
may be the key enzyme genes for the early formation and color deepening of blotch at later stages. As for two transcription factor, RC7G0019000 (MYB) and RC1G0363600 (WRKY) may bind to the promoters of critical enzyme genes, or RC1G0363600 (WRKY) may bind to the promoter of
RC7G0019000 (MYB)
to activate the anthocyanin accumulation in blotch parts of ‘Sunset Babylon Eyes’.
Conclusions
Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the understanding of the chemical and molecular mechanism for the formation of petal blotch in rose.
Journal Article
Propagation of rose varieties by cuttings under the effect of different rooting hormones
Roses are one of the oldest and perhaps most noble and beautiful plants in the world. The propagation of roses by stem cutting is the simplest and a largely used method to multiply them. For the present experiment, seven varieties of roses were selected as follows: ‘Monika’, ‘Mr. Lincoln’, ‘Queen Elisabeth’, ‘The Fairy’, ‘Peace’, ‘King’s Ransom’, and ‘Don Juan’. To assess the differences between the varieties, growth, root length, root number, and frost damage were determined. The aim of the experiment is to determine which rose varieties are better suited to propagation by cuttings, which varieties have a higher rooting tendency, and to what extent the rooting could be influenced by rooting hormones [Incit-8 (0.8% of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) and Radi-Stim®]. From our results, it could be determined that the Incit-8 positively influenced the number of roots of all varieties. In conclusion, our research suggests that the rooting hormones increase the rooting of the rose varieties; moreover, that proper rooting could also be depending on the appropriate conditions.
Journal Article
Genome-Wide Identification of the Rose ISWEET/I Gene Family and Their Different Expression Profiles in Cold Response between Two Rose Species
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) gene family plays indispensable roles in plant physiological activities, development processes, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, but no information is known for roses. In this study, a total of 25 RcSWEET genes were identified in Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’ by genome-wide analysis and clustered into four subgroups based on their phylogenetic relationships. The genomic features, including gene structures, conserved motifs, and gene duplication among the chromosomes of RcSWEET genes, were characterized. Seventeen types of cis-acting elements among the RcSWEET genes were predicted to exhibit their potential regulatory roles during biotic and abiotic stress and hormone responses. Tissue-specific and cold-response expression profiles based on transcriptome data showed that SWEETs play widely varying roles in development and stress tolerance in two rose species. Moreover, the different expression patterns of cold-response SWEET genes were verified by qRT-PCR between the moderately cold-resistant species R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’ and the extremely cold-resistant species R. beggeriana. Especially, SWEET2a and SWEET10c exhibited species differences after cold treatment and were sharply upregulated in the leaves of R. beggeriana but not R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’, indicating that these two genes may be the crucial candidates that participate in cold tolerance in R. beggeriana. Our results provide the foundation for function analysis of the SWEET gene family in roses, and will contribute to the breeding of cold-tolerant varieties of roses.
Journal Article
Autochthonous Rose Hybrid IRosa/I Ipendulina/I × Ispinosissima/I Overshines Main Genotype IRosa pendulina/I in the Biochemical Characteristics of Their Hips
The medicinal value of rose hips largely depends on the contents of vitamin C and flavonoids. Rose hips contain more vitamin C than most fruits and vegetables. We were particularly interested in how the bioactive substances of rose hips are inherited from main rose species. The aim of the study was to compare the contents of ascorbic acid, organic acids, and phenolics in the fruits, rose hips, of Rosa pendulina L. and the hybrid Rosa pendulina L. × spinosissima L. The contents of ascorbic acid in the studied hips were higher in R. pendulina × spinosissima than in R. pendulina. The contents of total organic acids were higher in the hips of R. pendulina × spinosissima than in the hips of R. pendulina. The contents of phenolics in the hybrid were significantly higher in flesh with skin and in seeds. The contents of cyanidin-3-glucoside were higher in R. pendulina × spinosissima. We can conclude that the contents of bioactive substances in our samples is rich and could potentially be used for human consumption. The results will help to increase transparency about which rose species provide rose hips that are the most suitable for nutritional purposes.
Journal Article