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"Rubber"
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Hydraulic rubber dam : an effective water management technology
\"Hydraulic Rubber Dam: An Effective Water Management Technology is the go-to source for information on the materials, manufacture, mechanics and functional benefit of rubber dams in water management. Readers will find a detailed background on water conservation and coverage, how inflatable rubber dam technology contributes to the picture, and information on the proper manufacture and use of rubber dams to increase water storage for release and delivery during drought. In addition, the book presents tactics on the even distribution of water across populations, how to increase water use efficiency, conservation, and how to prevent flooding. In particular, this book details specialist manufacturing techniques, including the development of rubber compounds and fabric, the bonding and anchoring systems which hold the rubber dam to the underlying concrete structure, and inflation and deflation mechanisms for rubber dams. The book provides a holistic lifecycle assessment of rubber dams to give additional insight to readers looking to deploy rubber dam technology\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Natural rubber biosynthesis in plants, the rubber transferase complex, and metabolic engineering progress and prospects
Summary Natural rubber (NR) is a nonfungible and valuable biopolymer, used to manufacture ~50 000 rubber products, including tires and medical gloves. Current production of NR is derived entirely from the para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). The increasing demand for NR, coupled with limitations and vulnerability of H. brasiliensis production systems, has induced increasing interest among scientists and companies in potential alternative NR crops. Genetic/metabolic pathway engineering approaches, to generate NR‐enriched genotypes of alternative NR plants, are of great importance. However, although our knowledge of rubber biochemistry has significantly advanced, our current understanding of NR biosynthesis, the biosynthetic machinery and the molecular mechanisms involved remains incomplete. Two spatially separated metabolic pathways provide precursors for NR biosynthesis in plants and their genes and enzymes/complexes are quite well understood. In contrast, understanding of the proteins and genes involved in the final step(s)—the synthesis of the high molecular weight rubber polymer itself—is only now beginning to emerge. In this review, we provide a critical evaluation of recent research developments in NR biosynthesis, in vitro reconstitution, and the genetic and metabolic pathway engineering advances intended to improve NR content in plants, including H. brasiliensis, two other prospective alternative rubber crops, namely the rubber dandelion and guayule, and model species, such as lettuce. We describe a new model of the rubber transferase complex, which integrates these developments. In addition, we highlight the current challenges in NR biosynthesis research and future perspectives on metabolic pathway engineering of NR to speed alternative rubber crop commercial development.
Journal Article
Growing American Rubber
Growing American Rubberexplores America's quest during tense decades of the twentieth century to identify a viable source of domestic rubber. Straddling international revolutions and world wars, this unique and well-researched history chronicles efforts of leaders in business, science, and government to sever American dependence on foreign suppliers. Mark Finlay plots out intersecting networks of actors including Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, prominent botanists, interned Japanese Americans, Haitian peasants, and ordinary citizensùall of whom contributed to this search for economic self-sufficiency. Challenging once-familiar boundaries between agriculture and industry and field and laboratory, Finlay also identifies an era in which perceived boundaries between natural and synthetic came under review.
Although synthetic rubber emerged from World War II as one solution, the issue of ever-diminishing natural resources and the question of how to meet twenty-first-century consumer, military, and business demands lingers today.
eBook
Loom magic! : 25 awesome, never-before-seen designs for an amazing rainbow of projects
Includes twenty-five new rubber band loom projects, including bracelets, sports-themed charms, key rings, pendants, and even a working slingshot.
Book
Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber: Current State and Perspectives
Natural rubber is a kind of indispensable biopolymers with great use and strategic importance in human society. However, its production relies almost exclusively on rubber-producing plants Hevea brasiliensis, which have high requirements for growth conditions, and the mechanism of natural rubber biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In the past two decades, details of the rubber chain polymerization and proteins involved in natural rubber biosynthesis have been investigated intensively. Meanwhile, omics and other advanced biotechnologies bring new insight into rubber production and development of new rubber-producing plants. This review summarizes the achievements of the past two decades in understanding the biosynthesis of natural rubber, especially the massive information obtained from the omics analyses. Possibilities of natural rubber biosynthesis in vitro or in genetically engineered microorganisms are also discussed.
Journal Article
The ultimate unofficial Rainbow Loom handbook : step-by-step instructions to stitching, weaving, and looping colorful bracelets, rings, charms, and more
\"From toys to jewelry, The Ultimate Unofficial Rainbow Loom Handbook will show you just how much you can do with a few rubber bands, a hook, and a little imagination.\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Research and Development of High-Performance High-Damping Rubber Materials for High-Damping Rubber Isolation Bearings: A Review
At present, high-damping rubber materials, widely used in the field of engineering seismic isolation, generally have the problems such as narrow effective damping temperature range, low damping loss factor and strong temperature dependence, which lead to prominent dependence of temperature and load conditions of the isolation performance of high-damping rubber isolation bearings. Research and development of high-performance high-damping rubber materials with broad effective damping temperature range, high damping loss factor and weak temperature dependence are very urgent and necessary to ensure the safety of the seismic isolation of engineering structures. This paper mainly reviews the recent progress in the research and development of high-damping rubber materials using nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), butyl rubber (IIR), chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR), and bromine butyl rubber (BIIR). This is followed by a review of vulcanization and filler reinforcement systems for the improvement of damping and mechanical properties of high-damping rubber materials. Finally, it further reviews the constitutive models describing the hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity of rubber materials. In view of this focus, four key issues are highlighted for the development of high-performance high-damping rubber materials used for high-damping rubber isolation bearings.
Journal Article
Microbial Degradation of Rubber: Actinobacteria
Rubber is an essential part of our daily lives with thousands of rubber-based products being made and used. Natural rubber undergoes chemical processes and structural modifications, while synthetic rubber, mainly synthetized from petroleum by-products are difficult to degrade safely and sustainably. The most prominent group of biological rubber degraders are Actinobacteria. Rubber degrading Actinobacteria contain rubber degrading genes or rubber oxygenase known as latex clearing protein (lcp). Rubber is a polymer consisting of isoprene, each containing one double bond. The degradation of rubber first takes place when lcp enzyme cleaves the isoprene double bond, breaking them down into the sole carbon and energy source to be utilized by the bacteria. Actinobacteria grow in diverse environments, and lcp gene containing strains have been detected from various sources including soil, water, human, animal, and plant samples. This review entails the occurrence, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular characteristics of Actinobacteria with respect to its rubber degrading ability, and discusses possible technological applications based on the activity of Actinobacteria for treating rubber waste in a more environmentally responsible manner.
Journal Article