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"Rural Economic Development"
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growth of market relations in post-reform rural China
This book, based on in-depth field research at the local level, assesses the different factors that are contributing to the transition to a market economy and the growth of networks in rural China. It analyses the different socio-economic actors - peasant households, out-migrants, family businesses and peasant entrepreneurs, uses the key concept of markets as a nexus of social networks, and identifies three different kinds of 'social capital' - human capital, political capital/status, and network capital.This book demonstrates the importance of socio-political networks and highlights significant regional differences.
eBook
Homestead reduction, economic agglomeration and rural economic development: evidence from Shanghai, China
PurposeThe contradiction of construction land in economically developed regions is becoming more prominent, and the scale of construction land in some large cities is close to the ceiling. Therefore, China implemented the policy of construction land reduction in 2014. The main objective is to optimize the stock of homesteads and then help to realize rural revitalization by transferring land indexes across regions. Shanghai took the lead in implementing the reduction policy in 2014, for which reduction acceptance data are available. Thus, this paper evaluates the impact of homestead reduction on rural economic development based on data from towns in Shanghai.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the difference-in-difference (DID) model to analyze the policy effects of homestead reduction on rural residents' income and industrial integration development. Using economic agglomeration (EA) as a mediating variable, the authors explore how homestead reduction (HR) promotes EA to drive rural economic development and analyze the impact of geographic location and government investment.FindingsHR significantly promotes rural economic development and shows a significant cumulative effect. In the long run, HR can improve rural residents' income and promote industrial integration by promoting EA. The positive effect of HR and EA in suburban regions on industrial integration development is gradually increasing. However, the incentive effect on rural residents' income is weakening. The positive mediating effect of EA is significantly higher in regions with low government investment than in regions with high government investment.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to testing the impact of HR policy on rural economic development and can provide a reference for other regions aiming to implement reduction policy.
Journal Article
Drivers of female farmers' adoption of improved bread wheat varieties in Emba Alaje district, Northern Ethiopia
Wheat is one of the cereal crops grown around the world, as well as in Ethiopia. However, female farmers are limited in their ability to achieve their estimated potential as a country in general and in the study area in particular. Even though Emba Alaje district is a potential area for bread wheat production in the Tigray region, so far studies have been scanty on female farmers' adoption of improved bread wheat production. Thus, this study analyses the determinants of female farmers' adoption of bread wheat production. This primary data was collected from 169 female farmers in Emba Alaje district using semi-structured interview schedules. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select representative samples. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and econometric analysis. A binary probit regression model was used to analyze factors influencing the adoption of improved bread wheat varieties by female farmers. According to the model results, educational level, family labour, oxen ownership, training access, membership in cooperatives, and credit access positively influenced, while the age of the female farmers negatively influenced the adoption of bread wheat production by female farmers. Therefore, policymakers and other stakeholders should consider these factors to support female farmers in bread wheat production and to accelerate overall agricultural development.
Agriculture is the basic means of livelihood for the majority of Ethiopians and women are the integral part of agricultural production. Yet, the performance of female farmers in agricultural production is constrained by different factors. To alleviate the common problem of rural women farmers, understanding the background reality is very necessary. Therefore, identifying different factors that affect the level of female farmers' adoption of bread wheat production has a principal role. The female farmers' adoption was determined by different social, economic and institutional factors. The result of the study will serve as a source of information for policymakers, researchers, extension workers, farmers and students who are directly or indirectly involved in women empowerment in agricultural production.
Journal Article
Impact of technical progress and fiscal support to agriculture on agricultural carbon emissions
Reducing agricultural carbon emissions (ACEs) is essential to China's overall carbon-emission-reduction target and agricultural sustainable development. This paper analyzes the impact of agricultural technology progress (ATP) and financial support for agriculture on ACEs from a theoretical level, and empirically tests the effect of ATP on ACEs by spatial econometric model, using China's provincial data from 2001 to 2019. The regulatory effect model is used to examine the moderating effect of financial support policies on ATP and ACEs. The sample was divided according to natural geographical environment, economic development level and agricultural production structure to study the regional heterogeneity from the spatial perspective. The main conclusions are as follows: Overall, ATP has an inhibitory effect on ACEs, and this effect has a spatial spillover effect. In terms of regulation effect, fiscal support for agriculture policy has an enhanced regulatory effect in the impact of ATP on reducing ACEs. In addition, there is obvious regional heterogeneity in the carbon emission reduction effect of ATP in the west or east of the Hu Huanyong line, western or non-western, major or non-major grain-producing regions. This paper draws the following policy implications: First, increase agricultural technology research and development and expand technology spillover channels; second, establish regional collaborative emissions reduction mechanisms and strengthen regional technical cooperation; third, improve the financial support system for agriculture; Fourth, implement regional heterogeneous agricultural policies in accordance with local conditions.
Journal Article
Community welfare organisations in rural Myanmar : precarity and parahita
\"This book provides an in-depth study of the moral economies emerging from within conditions of precarity in rural communities in contemporary Myanmar. James C. Scott's seminal work on 'The Moral Economy of the Peasant' argued that peasant notions of subsistence and expectations of reciprocity formed the basis for subsequent rebellion as economic conditions changed and new market forces were introduced. Now, nearly a century on, Michael Griffiths argues that the conditions faced by rural communities in Myanmar remain precarious, but different forms of moral economy shape their responses. In the contemporary context, the moral economy of rural communities is characterized by the emergence of localized, self-organized community welfare associations which adopt a sophisticated iteration of self-help framed by the Buddhist concept of parahita (altruism). This book analyses the performative nature of these welfare organizations as a form of politics, asking how notions of citizenship expressed in these organizations promote more inclusive, or more exclusive practices towards non-Buddhist minorities. At a time when discourse on identity in Myanmar has been dominated by practices of othering and exclusion, this book provides an important analysis of what citizenship and reciprocity means in contemporary rural Myanmar\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Displacement and Resettlement in India
In the past ten years or so, displacement by development projects has gone on almost untamed under the globalization pressures to meet the demand for land from local and increasingly foreign investors. Focusing on India, this book looks at the complex issue of resettling people who are displaced for the sake of development.
The book discusses how the affected farming communities are fiercely opposing the development projects that often leave them worse off than before, and how this conflict is a matter of serious concern for the planners, as it could discourage potential capital inflows and put India's growth trajectory into jeopardy. It analyses the challenge of protecting the interests of farmers, and at the same time ensuring that these issues do not hinder the path of development. The book goes on to highlight the emerging approaches to resettlement that promise a more equitable development outcome.
A timely analysis of displacement and resettlement, this book has an appeal beyond South Asian Studies alone. It is of interest to policy makers, planners, administrators, and scholars in the field of resettlement and development studies.
eBook