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Cultivating development
What if development agencies and researchers are not driven by policy? Suppose that the things that make for 'good policy' - policy that legitimises and mobilises political support - in reality make it impossible to implement?
By focusing in detail on the unfolding activities of a development project in western India over more than ten years, as it falls under different policy regimes, this book takes a close look at the relationship between policy and practice in development. David Mosse shows how the actions of development workers are shaped by the exigencies of organisations and the need to maintain relationships rather than by policy; but also that development actors work hardest of all to maintain coherent representations of their actions as instances of authorised policy. Raising unfamiliar questions, Mosse provides a rare self-critical reflection on practice, while refusing to endorse current post-modern dismissal of development.
eBook
Gender and governance in rural services : Insights from India, Ghana, and Ethiopia
As the first output from the gender and governance in rural services project, this report presents descriptive findings and qualitative analysis of accountability mechanisms in agricultural extension and rural water supply in India, Ghana, and Ethiopia, paying specific attention to gender responsiveness. The gender and governance in rural services project seeks to generate policy-relevant knowledge on strategies to improve agricultural and rural service delivery, with a focus on providing more equitable access to these services, especially for women. The project focuses on agricultural extension, as an example of an agricultural service, and drinking water, as an example of rural service that is not directly related to agriculture but is of high relevance for rural women. A main goal of this project was to generate empirical micro level evidence about the ways various accountability mechanisms for agricultural and rural service provision work in practice and to identify factors that influence the suitability of different governance reform strategies that aim to make service provision more gender responsive. Three out of four poor people in the developing world live in rural areas, and most of them depend directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Providing economic services, such as agricultural extension, is essential to using agriculture for development. At the same time, the rural poor need a range of basic services, such as drinking water, education, and health services. Such services are difficult to provide in rural areas because they are subject to the \"triple challenge\" of market, state, and community failure. As a result of market failure, the private sector does not provide these services to the rural poor to the extent that is desirable from society's point of view. The state is not very effective in providing these services either, because these services have to be provided every day throughout the country, even in remote areas, and because they require discretion and cannot easily be standardized, especially if they are demand driven. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and communities themselves are interesting alternative providers of these services, but they too can fail, because of capacity constraints and local elite capture. This triple challenge of market, state, and community failure results in the poor provision of agricultural and rural services, a major obstacle to agricultural and rural development.
eBook
Community Power and Global Learning: A Case Study of the Four Pillar Model of CORD from India to Michigan
A bidirectional, community‑based intervention in Washtenaw County, Michigan for women aged 12+, experiencing personal and systemic barriers, was developed based on learning from Himachal Pradesh, India. The partners, a global NGO, a local adolescent healthcare organization, and a community development network, leveraged community resources to help women achieve discrete goals in three arenas (access to healthcare, education for their children, and employment) by adapting and applying four \"pillars\" of the global NGO (participation, integration, sustainability, and networking) in maternal‑infant health care delivery and community engagement. The result was women reporting increased hopefulness, better health, and greater sense of agency in their lives, with implications for future work in improving health indicators and maternal‑infant health outcomes.
Journal Article
Local organizations in decentralized development : their functions and performance in India
Local organizations have become key mechanisms in effective, fair, and sustainable resource management and development in India. This book adds empirical evidence to the debate on whether or not these functions are performed as expected. Based on research in three sectors in three states in India, the authors findings indicate that the design of and support for local organizations are often little more than rudimentary, resulting in less than adequate performance and raising serious sustainability concerns. Two debates dominate discourse on the roles of organizations. The first is a practical one on how to make local organizations function effectively. The second focuses on the relative roles of government organizationsboth elected local governments and administrative line departmentsand different forms of non-government organizations, including the private sector and community groups at the local level. This study suggests that these debates cannot be separated and indicates that sector-specific configurations of a plural organizational landscape, in which government, non-government, and private organizations are an integral part, are required for effective and sustainable development. Local Organizations in Development will be an invaluable resource for those concerned with the analysis, policy, and practice of development initiatives that seek to further decentralize governance and development. A very good report, using a unique high quality database and sophisticated statistical techniques.Professor François Vaillancourt, Economics DepartmentUniversité de Montréal . . . one of the most comprehensive and balanced studies of the performance of local organizations in the context of decentralization programs . . .Dr. Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Senior Research FellowInternational Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
eBook
Lessons Learned from Co-Design and Co-Production in a Portable Health Clinic Research Project in Jaipur District, India (2016–2018)
Co-design and co-production with non-academic stakeholders has been recognized as a key approach in transdisciplinary sustainability research. The majority of transdisciplinary studies have been conducted in Europe and North America, with a marked lack of such research in the Asian context—particularly with regard to healthcare. Utilizing a case study involving mobile health check-ups performed using a portable health clinic system in Jaipur, India, from March 2016 to March 2018, this study identifies key factors in co-design and co-production that should be considered to ensure the project’s sustainability. Thoroughly reviewing all of the documents and materials related to the case study’s co-design and co-production, this study identifies the following key factors: (1) mutual stakeholder agreement on a long-term research plan, protocol, and budget; (2) harmonizing research objectives, frames, and the scale of stakeholder expectations; (3) stakeholders’ commitment and a sense of ownership derived from their needs and priorities; (4) stakeholder trust; (5) effective coordinators; (6) personality type and characteristics of stakeholder leaders; (7) capacity building and the empowerment of local research staff and participants; and (8) continuous efforts to involve stakeholders throughout the co-design and co-production processes. Facilitating effective co-design and co-production, these factors will help ensure the future sustainability of projects.
Journal Article
Unraveling the Narratives of Adivasi Dispossession: A Case Study of Land Acquisition in Nagri Village, Jharkhand
This article reflects the field narratives about an episode of dispossession of the Adivasi (an indigenous community in India) conducted during a pilot study (2015) in a village called Nagri (Jharkhand, India). The case of Nagri offers a peculiar demonstration of arbitrary power inserted in a colonial law that continues to inform the Land Acquisition Act in postcolonial India, despite major amendments. The article discusses two broader questions. The first question is an inquiry into the ‘development model,’ which permeates certain forms of discursive power to emerge within legislation such as the Land Acquisition Act. This is demonstrated through understanding the violation of the ‘protective’ measures including Fifth Schedule Areas, which fundamentally ensures the rights of tribal communities in certain states including Jharkhand. The second part of the article investigates a specific case study of the Land Acquisition Act in the same area (Nagri). This case highlights a unique case of violation of the rights of the Adivasi. The core argument of the article emerges from the testimonies of the people, mostly women, who have been rendered landless and did not receive any compensation. The article presents a fundamental conflict that continues to persist with regard to innovative provisions such as ‘public purpose’ that had generated serious concerns about the Land Acquisition Act across India. The article also seeks to present in a limited manner the voice of people but it nonetheless underlines the apathy of the state toward the subaltern subjects in a democracy.
Journal Article
Opportunities and barriers in scaling up of 24/7 urban water supply: the case of Karnataka, India
Scaling up pilot projects providing continuous water supply to households in Indian cities has proved challenging. This study identifies opportunities and barriers in scaling up, in order to derive recommendations for bridging the gap between testing policy innovations and bringing projects to scale. We analyse pilot design, required resources, and drivers of stakeholders, institutions and the environment for a case study in Karnataka and find a wide range of factors that affect adoption of 24/7 water supply. Upscaling should be tailor-made for each area, which requires space, scope and capacity to be created for local involvement.
Journal Article
Economic Impact of Custom Hiring Service Centres in Maize Cultivation: A Case Study from Karnataka
In order to overcome the problem of acute labour scarcity, Government of Karnataka in collaboration with Shri Kshetra Dharmastala Rural Development Project has established custom hiring sendee centres (CHSCs) on public private partnership mode in the year 2014 to provide services of machines and implements to farming community at affordable rates. The study has been conducted to examine the economic performance of the centre and economic benefits accrued to maize farmers of Shimoga district, representative of Malnad region of Karnataka in terms of reduced cost of cultivation, increased productivity, increased profit and reduced drudgery. The results indicated that maize farmers reaped additional profit of Rs. 5554.39 (24 per cent) and saved cost of Rs. 2928.46 (15.71 per cent) per acre by availing machines from CHSCs compared to private individual farmers. The reduced dependence on human labour was to the tune of 16.29 per cent and increased yield observed was about 4.90 per cent compared to those farms who have availed services from private individual farmers. The economic performance of selected CHSC in terms of net returns over total cost was negative. The negative performance was due to the magnitude of dead investment made by the centre in terms of erroneous selection of non-location specific machineries and implements. Though, the performance of these centres was not satisfactory but by looking at the magnitude of economic gains realised by the farmers, Government of Karnataka should think of proliferating the number of centres with a caution of minimising dead investment through proper choice of implements and machineries.
Journal Article
Corporate responses to HIV/AIDS : case studies from India
How should the corporate sector engage in fighting the global burden of the AIDS epidemic? India's relatively low HIV prevalence rate often raises the question of whether it is in corporate sector interest to allocate resources to combat HIV and AIDS. The five case studies in this report feature a selection of Indian companies that felt compelled to engage in this fight and id allocate resources in order to do so. The challenges these companies encountered and innovative methods they used to surmount these challenges serve as useful lessons for those interested in launching similar intiatives.
eBook