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"Russia. Oprichnina"
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Ivan the Terrible : free to reward & free to punish
Ivan the Terrible is infamous as a sadistic despot responsible for the deaths of thousands of innocent people, particularly during the years of the oprichnina, his state-within-a-state. Ivan was the first ruler in Russian history to use mass terror as a political instrument. However, Ivan's actions cannot be dismissed by attributing the behavior to insanity. Ivan interacted with Muscovite society as both he and Muscovy changed. This interaction needs to be understood in order properly to analyze his motives, achievements, and failures.Ivan the Terrible: Free to Reward and Free to Punish provides an up-to-date comprehensive analysis of all aspects of Ivan's reign. It presents a new interpretation not only of Ivan's behavior and ideology, but also of Muscovite social and economic history. Charles Halperin shatters the myths surrounding Ivan and reveals a complex ruler who had much in common with his European contemporaries, including Henry the Eighth.
Book
Ivan the Terrible in Russian historical memory since 1991
Tsar Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV, 1533-1584) is one of the most controversial rulers in Russian history, infamous for his cruelty. He was the first Russian ruler to use mass terror as a political instrument, and the only Russian ruler to do so before Stalin. Comparisons of Ivan to Stalin only exacerbated the politicization of his image. Russians have never agreed on his role in Russian history, but his reign is too important to ignore. Since the abolition of censorship in 1991 professional historians and amateurs have grappled with this problem. Some authors have manipulated that image to serve political and cultural agendas. This book explores Russia's contradictory historical memory of Ivan in scholarly, pedagogical and political publications.
eBook
Reign of Terror: Ivan IV
Ruslan Grigor'evitch Skrynnikov unfolds the drama of terror under Ivan the Terrible and his oprichnina. He uses new kinds of evidence paying close attention to primary sources. The conflicts between Ivan and the gentry, the crushing of Novgorod autonomy, the ways in which Ivan interpreted his authority and sought to create an alternative base of power in a loyal body of henchmen-followers known as the oprichnina, the alienation of different groups in society from the government, the impoverishment and weakening of whole regions leading to the Time of Troubles are among the themes that Skrynnikov develops. The details of Ivan's confrontations with those he perceived as opponents, the forms of execution he inflicted on his enemies, the atmosphere of peril and suspicion that he created justify the description of his reign as one of terror, relevant of course to later periods of history with obvious echoes of the Stalinist period.
eBook
Ivan the Terrible in Russian Historical Memory since 1991
Tsar Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV, 1533-1584) is one of the most
controversial rulers in Russian history, infamous for his cruelty.
He was the first Russian ruler to use mass terror as a political
instrument, and the only Russian ruler to do so before Stalin.
Comparisons of Ivan to Stalin only exacerbated the politicization
of his image. Russians have never agreed on his role in Russian
history, but his reign is too important to ignore. Since the
abolition of censorship in 1991 professional historians and
amateurs have grappled with this problem. Some authors have
manipulated that image to serve political and cultural agendas.
This book explores Russia's contradictory historical memory of Ivan
in scholarly, pedagogical and political publications.
eBook
Reign of Terror
R. G. Skrynnikov uses new kinds of evidence drawn from primary sources to unfold the drama of terror under Ivan Groznyi (the Terrible), which has relevance to later periods of history (echoes of the Stalinist period, for example).
eBook