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This study conducts a systematic age, period, and cohort analysis that provides new evidence of the dynamics of, and heterogeneity in, subjective well-being across the life course and over time in the United States. I use recently developed methodologies of hierarchical age-period-cohort models, and the longest available population data series on happiness from the General Social Survey, 1972 to 2004. I find distinct life-course patterns, time trends, and birth cohort changes in happiness. The age effects are strong and indicate increases in happiness over the life course. Period effects show first decreasing and then increasing trends in happiness. Baby-boomer cohorts report lower levels of happiness, suggesting the influence of early life conditions and formative experiences. I also find substantial life-course and period variations in social disparities in happiness. The results show convergences in sex, race, and educational gaps in happiness with age, which can largely be attributed to differential exposure to various social conditions important to happiness, such as marital status and health. Sex and race inequalities in happiness declined in the long term over the past 30 years. During the most recent decade, however, the net sex difference disappeared while the racial gap in happiness remained substantial.

During the past forty years, thousands of studies have been carried out on the subject of happiness. Some have explored the levels of happiness or dissatisfaction associated with typical daily activities, such as working, seeing friends, or doing household chores. Others have tried to determine the extent to which income, family, religion, and other factors are associated with the satisfaction people feel about their lives. The Gallup organization has begun conducting global surveys of happiness, and several countries are considering publishing periodic reports on the growth or decline of happiness among their people. One nation, tiny Bhutan, has actually made \"Gross National Happiness\" the central aim of its domestic policy. How might happiness research affect government policy in the United States--and beyond? In The Politics of Happiness, former Harvard president Derek Bok examines how governments could use the rapidly growing research data on what makes people happy--in a variety of policy areas to increase well-being and improve the quality of life for all their citizens.

Mutluluk, bir bütün halinde insanların yaşam deneyimlerini nasıl algıladıkları ve değerlendirdikleri ile ilgili bir durumdur. Bu bütünlük içinde düşündükleri yaşamlarında ekonomik koşullarını, iş ve iş çevreleri ile çalışma hayatlarını da değerlendirirler. Bu noktada, kişinin mutluluğunu destekleyen faktörlerden birinin de \"çalışma\" olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Geçmişte kölelikle eşdeğer görülüp, acı, yorgunluk ve zahmet gibi anlamlara gelen çalışma, günümüzde insan yaşamının önemli bir parçasını oluşturuyor. İnsanların pek çoğu yaşamlarının yaklaşık 30 yılını çalışarak geçirirler. Günde ortalama 5 ila 8 saat gibi zaman dilimleri içinde iş'te/işyerinde bulunurlar. Yaşam süresince ve gündelik yaşam içinde önemli bir paya sahip olan çalışmanın insan yaşamını olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkilemesi kaçınılmazdır. Çalışma yaşamı bağlamında iş doyumu, motivasyon, çalışma yaşamı kalitesi ya da tükenmişlik, yabancılaşma, monotonluk, işsizlik psikolojisi vb. konular yabancı ve Türkçe literatürde sıklıkla ele alınırken \"çalışma mutluluğu\" konusunu ele alan çok fazla çalışma olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Özellikle ülkemizde \"çalışma mutluluğuna yönelik kavramsal bir inceleme olmayışının, konunun netlik kazanmamış olmasının, halen iş doyumu ile eşdeğer bir kavram olarak açıklanmasının alan için önemli bir açık olduğu söylenebilir. Buradan yola çıkarak; bu makalede \"çalışma mutluluğu\" kavramına ilişkin kavramsal bir çerçeve çizmek hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, \"çalışma mutluluğu\" ile ilgili bir literatür taraması yapılmış, mutluluk ve çalışma kavramları makalenin amacı doğrultusunda ele alınmış, ardından çalışma mutluluğu kavramına yer verilmiş, çalışma mutluluğunu etkileyen faktörler, çalışma mutluluğunun önemi ve sonuçları ele alınarak kavramsal bir çerçeve ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

An important paradox of the happiness literature is the apparent disconnect between economic growth and happiness, referred to as the \"Easterlin Paradox.\" Although real income has grown over the last thirty years, happiness has stagnated or perhaps even declined. There are a variety of explanations for this. Some emphasize psychological factors, such as relative deprivation or growing financial dissatisfaction, whereas others emphasize the behavior associated with higher incomes, such as longer work hours and the trade-offs such hours entail for leisure, relationships, and health. Drawing on the cumulative 1973 to 2004 General Social Survey and using a sample of working-aged adults, this article demonstrates the complexity of these trends and suggests that once we consider multiple sources of satisfaction, trends in real income have less paradoxical implications. The principal force behind declining happiness has been a decline in the number of working-aged Americans who are married, as well as declining marital satisfaction. These trends, however, have been largely independent of trends in income. In fact, once marital factors are considered, the negative trend in happiness reverses direction, and economic factors emerge as the single most important force underlying growing happiness. This result reflects a number of things. First, contrary to speculation regarding growing financial dissatisfaction, trends in financial satisfaction have, in recent periods, overlapped with gains in real income. Relatedly, perceptions of relative income have increased, despite growing income inequality. Finally, there is no evidence for \"overwork\" among families, at least as applied to happiness. To be sure, families are working longer hours, and there are (occasionally sharp) trade-offs between work hours and assorted sources of well-being. Nevertheless, families are far from the point where their work patterns begin to compromise their happiness. Indeed, families are, if anything, approaching an optimum. Overall the results suggest that happiness is the net result of multiple factors, and much can be gained by focusing on economic improvements, as well as the objective and subjectively rational behaviors underlying these improvements.

The article stresses the potential to use the Life satisfaction indicator as an indicator of social well-being. For a long time it has seemed that the economic deterministic evaluation of social development itself has become insufficient. In the first part, the text presents arguments concerning why the Life satisfaction indicator can become a leading evaluative indicator 'beyond the GDP paradigm'. Its potential stems from the fact that it represents a comprehensive (holistic) assessment of an individual's life. In the second part, the authors outline the problems of its practical use in public policy in Slovenia, especially in terms of the non-equivalence between different research methodologies and the irregularity of measurement intervals. In the final part, the text illustrates the indicator from the European Social Survey data. The life satisfaction assessment in the last decade in Slovenia shows that this indicator's dynamics are not directly related to the dynamics of the economic, statistical indicator (e.g. the unemployment rate). Although the area of public policies is gaining awareness of the importance of subjective wellbeing indicators as an appropriate base for assessing social performance, the authors stress that the indicator has not yet found satisfactory affirmation in the professional and political environment.