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Introduction: Depressive symptoms (DS) can significantly affect quality of life. An adequate level of maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂ max) may help re-duce their intensity. Objective: To determine the association between VO₂ max and DS in students from a Peruvian university in 2025. Methodology: This was a correlational study. The sample consisted of 142 university students—91 men and 51 women—aged 18 to 48 years. The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Course Navette test were used to assess the presence of DS and to estimate VO₂ max, respectively. Results: A significant in-verse association was found between VO₂ max and depressive symptoms (rho = –.313**, p = .003). Significant inverse associations were also found be-tween VO₂ max and affective DS (rho = –.256*, p = .016), and between VO₂ max and somatic DS (rho = –.381**, p = .000). No significant association was found between VO₂ max and cognitive DS (rho = –.171, p = .109). Discussion: The results revealed similarities with national and international studies, particularly the higher prevalence of DS in women and the inverse associations between VO₂ max and DS. Conclusions: There is a significant inverse relationship between DS and VO₂ max in students of the Faculty of Education at a Peruvian university in 2025. Introducción: Los síntomas depresivos (SD) pueden afectar de manera significativa la calidad de vida. Un grado adecuado de consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 máx.) podría contribuir a reducir su intensidad. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre el VO2 máx., y los SD en estudiantes de una universidad peruana en el año 2025. Metodología: La investigación fue correlacional. La muestra se conformó con 142 estudiantes universitarios, 91 hombres y 51 mujeres, entre 18 y 48 años. Se utilizó el Inventario de Beck II y el Course Navette para comprobar la presencia de SD y para estimar el VO2 máx., respectivamente. Resultados: Se estableció una asociación inversa significativa entre el VO2 máx., y los síntomas depresivos con un rho = -,313** y un p = ,003. También se halló asociaciones inversas significativas entre el VO2 máx., y los SD afectivos con un rho = -,256* y un p = ,016, entre el VO2 máx., y los SD somáticos (rho= -,381** un p = ,000). No se halló asociación significativa entre el VO2 máx., y los SD cognitivos (rho = -,171 y un p = ,109). Discusión: Los resultados del estudio permitieron observar similitudes con estudios nacionales y extranjeros, sobre todo al encontrar una mayor prevalencia de SD en mujeres así como asociaciones inversas entre el VO2 máx., y SD. Conclusiones: Existe relación inversa y significativa entre los SD y el VO2 máx., en estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación de una universidad peruana en el 2025. Introdução: Os sintomas depressivos (SD) podem afetar significativamente a qualidade de vida. Um nível adequado de consumo máximo de oxigénio (VO2 máx) pode contribuir para a redução da sua intensidade. Objectivo: Estabelecer a associação entre o VO2 máx e o SD em estudantes de uma universidade peruana em 2025. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional. A amostra foi constituída por 142 estudantes universitários, 91 homens e 51 mulheres, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 48 anos. O Inventário de Depressão de Beck II e o teste Course Navette foram utilizados para avaliar a presença de SD e estimar o VO2 máx, respetivamente. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma associação inversa significativa entre o VO2 máx e os sintomas depressivos, com um rho de -0,313 e um valor de p de 0,003. Foram também encontradas associações inversas significativas entre o VO2 máx e o défice de atenção afetivo (rho = -0,256*, p = 0,016) e entre o VO2 máx e o défice de atenção somático (rho = -0,381**, p = 0,000). Não foi encontrada qualquer associação significativa entre o VO2 máx e o défice de atenção cognitiva (rho = -0,171, p = 0,109). Discussão: Os resultados do estudo mostraram semelhanças com estudos nacionais e internacionais, particularmente a maior prevalência de défice de atenção nas mulheres e as associações inversas entre o VO2 máx e o défice de atenção. Conclusões: Existe uma relação inversa significativa entre o défice de atenção e o VO2 máx nos estudantes da Faculdade de Educação de uma universidade peruana em 2025.

Symptoms seem to be constitutive parts of a complex clinical problem, rather than the expressions of a disease, as traditionally considered. Network analysis has proved to be useful to identify correlations amongst them. This study addresses associations regarding regulation strategies and depressive and anxious symptoms, as well as emotion regulation strategies’ risk and protective ability, in a sample of 1103 adults from Buenos Aires City and Greater Buenos Aires aged between 18 and 65 (M= 31.96; SD= 10.32). Results showed that CR and ES might be differentially associated with anxiety and depression symptoms, yet both exhibited negative bridge expected influence across the networks, suggesting a protective role. These findings have several implications for treatments. Les symptômes semblent être des éléments constitutifs d’un problème clinique complexe, plutôt que l’expression d’une maladie, comme on le considère traditionnellement. L'analyse de réseau s'est avérée utile pour identifier les corrélations entre eux. Cette étude aborde les associations concernant les stratégies de régulation et les symptômes dépressifs et anxieux, ainsi que le risque et la capacité de protection des stratégies de régulation des émotions, dans un échantillon de 1 103 adultes de la ville de Buenos Aires et du Grand Buenos Aires âgés de 18 à 65 ans (M = 31,96 ; SD). = 10,32). Les résultats ont montré que CR et ES pourraient être différentiellement liés aux symptômes d'anxiété et de dépression, ils présentaient une influence négative attendue sur les deux réseaux, tous deux en tant que facteurs de protection. Ces résultats ont plusieurs implications pour les traitements. Os sintomas parecem ser partes constitutivas de um problema clínico complexo, e não expressões de uma doença, como tradicionalmente se considera. A análise de redes provou ser útil para identificar correlações entre elas. Este estudo aborda associações relativas a estratégias de regulação e sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, bem como risco e capacidade protetora de estratégias de regulação emocional, em uma amostra de 1.103 adultos da cidade de Buenos Aires e Grande Buenos Aires com idade entre 18 e 65 anos (M = 31,96; DP = 10,32). Os resultados mostraram que CR e ES podem estar diferencialmente relacionados aos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, exibindo uma ponte negativa de influência esperada em ambas as redes, ambos como fatores de proteção. Essas descobertas têm várias implicações para os tratamentos. Los síntomas parecen ser partes constitutivas de un problema clínico complejo, más que expresiones de una enfermedad, como se consideraba tradicionalmente. El análisis de redes ha demostrado ser útil para identificar correlaciones entre ellos. Este estudio aborda las asociaciones entre estrategias de regulación y síntomas depresivos y ansiosos, así como el riesgo y la capacidad protectora de las estrategias de regulación de las emociones, en una muestra de 1103 adultos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y el Gran Buenos Aires con edades entre 18 y 65 años (M= 31,96; DE = 10,32). Los resultados mostraron que la reevaluación cognitiva (RC) y la supresión expresiva (SE) podrían estar asociadas de manera diferente con los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, aunque ambas mostraron una influencia esperada negativa como nodos puente en las redes, lo que sugiere un rol protector. Estos hallazgos tienen varias implicaciones para los tratamientos.

Introduction: Combat sport athletes are more likely to suffer concussions because one of the goals is to knock out an opponent and apply blows during the fight.  Objective: To analyze the mechanisms of concussion specific to combat sports and identify the most prevalent signs and symptoms that affect athletes after concussion.  Methods: The PRISMA protocol was applied, searches were performed in electronic databases using the descriptors: Athletes, Fighting, Martial Arts, Combat Sports, Concussion, Brain Concussion, Traumatic Brain Injury, Physical Symptoms and Motivational Symptoms. The identification and peer selection process were performed using the Rayyan software. We then extracted the articles which met the eligibility criteria for qualitative analysis, using the Risk of Bias Used for Surveys tool.  Results: A total of 912 articles were identified, 90 duplicates and 81 bibliographic reviews, leaving 65 articles for reading the abstracts. Of these, 46 were excluded according to the eligibility criteria, including 19 articles. Regarding exposure to concussion, 70.2% were related to the number of fights performed and 29.8% fighters. The sports modalities were 45.5% MMA, 18.2% boxing, 9.1% taekwondo, 9.1% karate and 9.1% kickboxing. The injuries found were divided into 27.2% traumatic brain injury and 72.8% concussion. According to the signs and symptoms identified, 55.2% were physical and 44.8% motivational. Conclusion: The frequency of fights is a determining factor for the incidence of concussions in combat sport athletes and the post-concussion symptoms showed significant physical and motivational manifestations, which represent barriers to the technical-tactical development of athletes.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the lack of vaccine made extraordinary actions such as social distancing necessary. While some individuals experience the restrictions on daily life as a heavy burden, others adapt to the situation and try to make the best of it. The present longitudinal study investigated the extent and predictors of the burden induced by the outbreak of COVID-19 in Germany. Data were assessed in October 2019 using the DASS-21 and the PMH-Scale, and in March 2020 adding a six-item measure of burden and a 2-item rating of sense of control. In a sample of 436 participants, about 28% stayed in self-quarantine, 22 persons had relevant symptoms and one person was positively tested for COVID-19. Most participants experienced medium to high levels of burden but tried to make the best of it. Stress symptoms in 2019 predicted a higher level of burden and PMH predicted a lower level of burden in March 2020. Remarkably, depression and anxiety symptoms did not significantly predict burden. The protective effect of PMH and the negative impact of stress symptoms were mediated by perceived sense of control. The results emphasize the protective effect of PMH in extraordinary situations such as the current outbreak of COVID-19. El brote COVID-19 y la falta de vacuna hicieron necesarias acciones extraordinarias como la distancia social. Algunas personas experimentan las restricciones en la vida diaria como sobrecarga emocional y otras se adaptan a la situación, tratando de sacar lo mejor de ella. Se investigó el alcance y predictores de sobrecarga emocional inducida por el COVID-19 en Alemania. Se evaluaron niveles de estrés y salud mental positiva en octubre de 2019 con DASS-21 y Escala-PMH, y en marzo de 2020, agregando medidas de sobrecarga emocional y percepción de control. En una muestra de 436 participantes, el 28% permaneció en cuarentena, 22 personas tuvieron síntomas relevantes y una dio positivo en COVID-19. La mayoría experimentaron niveles de sobrecarga emocional medio-alto, aunque trataron de sobrellevar la situación lo mejor posible. Los síntomas de estrés en octubre 2019 predijeron un nivel de sobrecarga más elevado en marzo 2020 y, contrariamente, los niveles de salud mental positiva en octubre 2019 predijeron un menor nivel de sobrecarga emocional en marzo 2020. Sorprendentemente, los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad no predijeron la sensación de sobrecarga posterior. El efecto protector de la salud mental positiva y el impacto negativo de los síntomas de estrés fueron mediados por la percepción de control. Se resalta el efecto protector de la salud mental positiva en situaciones extraordinarias como el brote COVID-19.

Background: Recent evidence showed adverse mental health outcomes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including trauma-related symptoms. The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a brief instrument designed to assess a broad range of trauma-related symptoms with no available validation in the Italian population. Aims: This study aimed to examine the factor structure of the Italian version of the GPS in a general population sample exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate trauma-related symptoms in the context of COVID-19 related risk factors associated with lockdown measures. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based observational study as part of a long-term monitoring programme of mental health outcomes in the general population. Eighteen thousand one hundred forty-seven participants completed a self-report online questionnaire to collect key demographic data and evaluate trauma-related symptoms using the GPS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI, and PSS. Validation analyses included both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analyses. The relation with putative COVID-19 related risk factors was explored by multivariate regression analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analyses supported a two-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the best fitting model was a three-factor solution, with core Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) (re-experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal), Negative Affect (symptoms of depressed mood, anxiety, irritability), and Dissociative symptoms. GPS Risk factors and specific COVID-19 related stressful events were associated with GPS total and the three factor scores. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a wide range of trauma-spectrum symptoms were reported by a large Italian sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. The GPS symptoms clustered best in three factors: Negative Affect symptoms, Core PTSS, and Dissociative symptoms. In particular, high rates of core PTSS and negative affect symptoms were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and should be routinely assessed in clinical practice. * This study examines the factor structure of the Global Psychotrauma Screen. * Data were collected during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. * A three-factor model was the best solution. * Core Post-Traumatic and Negative Affect symptoms were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background Cell-based therapeutic strategies have been proposed as an alternative for brain repair after stroke, but their clinical application has been hampered by potential adverse effects in the long term. The present study was designed to test the effect of the secretome of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from stroke patients (scCM) on in vitro human models of angiogenesis and vascular barrier. Methods Two different scCM batches were analysed by mass spectrometry and a proteome profiler. Human primary CD34 + -derived endothelial cells (CD34 + -ECs) were used for designing angiogenesis studies (proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis) or in vitro models of EC monolayer (confluent monolayer ECs—CMECs) and blood–brain barrier (BBB; brain-like ECs—BLECs). Cells were treated with scCM (5 μg/mL) or protein-free endothelial basal medium (scEBM—control). CMECs or BLECs were exposed (6 h) to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions (1% oxygen and glucose-free medium) or normoxia (control—5% oxygen, 1 g/L of glucose) and treated with scCM or scEBM during reoxygenation (24 h). Results The analysis of different scCM batches showed a good reproducibility in terms of protein yield and composition. scCM increased CD34 + -EC proliferation, tubulogenesis, and migration compared to the control (scEBM). The proteomic analysis of scCM revealed the presence of growth factors and molecules modulating cell metabolism and inflammatory pathways. Further, scCM decreased the permeability of CMECs and upregulated the expression of the junctional proteins such as occludin, VE-cadherin, and ZO-1. Such effects were possibly mediated through the activation of the interferon pathway and a moderate downregulation of Wnt signalling. Furthermore, OGD increased the permeability of both CMECs and BLECs, while scCM prevented the OGD-induced vascular leakage in both models. These effects were possibly mediated through the upregulation of junctional proteins and the regulation of MAPK/VEGFR2 activity. Conclusion Our results suggest that scCM promotes angiogenesis and the maturation of newly formed vessels while restoring the BBB function in ischemic conditions. In conclusion, our results highlight the possibility of using EPC-secretome as a therapeutic alternative to promote brain angiogenesis and protect from ischemia-induced vascular leakage.

Introducción: los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos son manifestaciones conductuales y psicológicas presentes en los pacientes con trastorno neurocognitivo, tienen una alta prevalencia y se asocian a desenlaces negativos, tales como la disminución en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con y sus cuidadores, mayores tasas de institucionalización y progresión de la enfermedad, por lo cual, tienen gran importancia clínica. La presente revisión narrativa tiene como fin realizar una actualización sobre los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en el trastorno neurocognitivo mayor. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline (PubMed), Embase (Embase), Lilacs y Scielo, y se seleccionó la información más relevante para la construcción de la presente revisión. Resultados: se hizo énfasis en la definición, la caracterización, las estrategias diagnósticas y las estrategias de tratamiento de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en el trastorno neurocognitivo mayor, con el fin de proporcionar información útil para la práctica clínica de diferentes profesionales de la salud. Discusión: los resultados de la presente revisión resaltan la importancia del diagnóstico temprano de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos y el abordaje personalizado de cada uno de ellos, a través de un algoritmo propuesto que involucra medidas generales y farmacológicas. Conclusiones: los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos son manifestaciones del trastorno neurocognitivo mayor y pueden generar gran carga de enfermedad en las personas y sus cuidadores. Por eso, es importante detectarlos y tratarlos con estrategias individualizadas para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

Background/Objective ‘Third-wave’ psychotherapies have shown effectiveness for treating psychopathological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. There is burgeoning interest in examining how these therapies’ core constructs produce their therapeutic benefits. This study explores the hypothetical mediating effect of resilience in the impact of mindfulness and self-compassion on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: Cross-sectional study design. The sample consisted of 860 Spanish general population participants. The measures included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-12), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS). Bivariate correlations were calculated, and path analysis models were performed. Results: Significant correlations were found between the study variables, always in the expected direction (all p values <.001). The path analysis models showed significant direct effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on anxiety and depression symptoms, but the only significant indirect effects through resilience were found on depression (MAAS: β = -.05, 95% CI = -.11 to -.02; SCS-12: β = -.06, 95% CI = -.33 to -.07). Conclusions: Resilience might partially mediate the effect of mindfulness and self-compassion on depression, but not on anxiety. Antecedentes/Objetivo: Las terapias de “tercera generación” han probado ser eficaces para tratar síntomas psicopatológicos como la ansiedad y la depresión. Hay un interés creciente en examinar cómo los constructos nucleares de estas terapias producen beneficios terapéuticos. Este estudio explora el hipotético efecto mediador de la resiliencia en la relación del mindfulness y la autocompasión sobre los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Método: Estudio de diseño transversal. Muestra formada por 860 participantes españoles de la población general. Las medidas incluidas fueron: MAAS, SCS-12, CD-RISC y GADS. Se calcularon correlaciones bivariadas y se realizaron modelos de análisis del camino. Resultados: Se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre las variables, siempre en la dirección esperada (p < 0,001). El modelo de análisis del camino mostró efectos directos significativos de mindfulness y autocompasión sobre síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, pero el único efecto indirecto significativo a través de la resiliencia se encontró en depresión (MAAS: β = -0,05, 95% CI = -0,11 ‒ -0,02; SCS-12: β = -0,06, 95% CI = -0,33 ‒ -0,07). Conclusiones: La resiliencia puede mediar parcialmente el efecto de mindfulness y autocompasión sobre la depresión, pero no sobre la ansiedad.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition that progressively limits the ability to perform exercise and activities of daily living, negatively impacting quality of life. Objective: To determine the severity of COPD according to the criteria of the Latin American COPD Clinical Practice Guidelines (ALAT 2019) and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD 2022) pocket guide for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COPD in patients suffering from this condition in Boyacá, Colombia. Materials and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out in 248 COPD patients from municipalities in the Central and Sugamuxi provinces of the department of Boyacá (Colombia). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, spirometry was performed, and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale and the COPD assessment questionnaire (CAT) were administered. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the association of the clinical and sociodemographic variables considered with the classification of COPD severity according to the criteria of the ALAT 2019 and GOLD 2022 guidelines. Results: According to the ALAT guideline criteria, COPD was mild in 109 (43.95%) patients, moderate in 104 (41.93%), and severe in 35 (14.11%). Meanwhile, according to the GOLD guidelines, 108 (43.55%) had GOLD-1 COPD, 106 (42.74%) had GOLD-2 COPD, and 34 (13.71%) had GOLD-3 COPD; no cases of GOLD-4 COPD were reported. In addition, 99.06% of patients with mild COPD were classified as COPD GOLD-1 (81.65% in the GOLD-1A group), 98.06% of cases with moderate COPD were classified as COPD GOLD-2 (54.80% in the GOLD-2B group), and 91.42% of subjects with severe COPD were classified as COPD GOLD-3 (62.85% in the GOLD3D group). Conclusions: COPD severity can be classified using both the ALAT and GOLD guidelines, since the distribution of COPD types depending on severity was similar in both guidelines (mild, moderate, severe vs. GOLD-1, GOLD-2, GOLD-3), with mild COPD-GOLD-1 being the most frequent classification in our sample, followed by moderate COPD-GOLD-2. Introducción. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una condición que limita progresivamente la capacidad para realizar ejercicio y actividades de la vida diaria, impactando negativamente la calidad de vida. Objetivo. Determinar la severidad de la EPOC según los criterios de la Guía de Práctica Clínica Latinoamericana de EPOC (ALAT 2019) y la guía de bolsillo para el diagnóstico, manejo y prevención de la EPOC de la Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD 2022) en pacientes con EPOC en Boyacá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal descriptivo correlacional realizado en 248 pacientes con EPOC de municipios de las provincias Centro y Sugamuxi del departamento de Boyacá. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, se realizó espirometría y se aplicaron la escala modificada de disnea del Medical Research Council (mMRC) y el cuestionario de evaluación de la EPOC (CAT). Se usó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para evaluar la asociación de las variables clínicas y sociodemográficas consideradas con la clasificación de la severidad de la EPOC según los criterios de las guías ALAT 2019 y GOLD 2022. Resultados. Según los criterios de la guía ALAT, 109 (43.95%) pacientes tenían EPOC leve; 104 (41.93%), EPOC moderada, y 35 (14.11%), EPOC grave, mientras que, de acuerdo con la guía GOLD, 108 (43.55%) tenían EPOC GOLD-1; 106 (42.74%), EPOC GOLD-2, y 34 (13.71%), EPOC GOLD-3; no hubo casos de EPOC GOLD-4. Además, 99.06% de los pacientes con EPOC leve fueron clasificados como EPOC GOLD-1 (81.65% en el grupo GOLD-1A); 98.06% de aquellos con EPOC moderado, como EPOC GOLD-2 (54.80% en el grupo GOLD-2B), y 91.42% de aquellos con EPOC grave, como EPOC GOLD-3 (62.85% en el grupo GOLD3D). Conclusiones. La clasificación de la severidad de la EPOC puede realizarse tanto con la guía ALAT, como con la guía GOLD, dado que la distribución de los tipos de EPOC según su severidad fue similar en ambas guías (leve, moderada, grave vs. GOLD-1, GOLD-2, GOLD-3), siendo la EPOC leve-GOLD-1 la clasificación más frecuente en nuestra muestra, seguida de la EPOC moderada-GOLD-2.

Background: A cute stress symptoms (ASSs) are likely to be a common mental health problem in the acute period following the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak. To address this risk, substantial social support has been provided to relieve ASSs during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the effectiveness of these support methods for relieving ASSs has not yet been assessed. Objective: The current study sought to examine the underlying mechanisms by which social support relieves ASSs, among primary and secondary school teachers. Method: A sample of 751 primary and secondary school teachers was selected to answer self-reported questionnaires regarding ASSs, social support, psychological needs, and the sense of control. Results: Structural equation modelling revealed that social support had a non-significant direct relationship with ASSs, and a significant indirect relationship with reduced ASSs via the needs for autonomy and relatedness, and via the paths from three types of psychological needs to the sense of control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that social support can play a relieving role in ASSs when the support satisfies individuals' psychological needs and improves their sense of control. To alleviate ASSs among primary and secondary school teachers, more attention should be paid to satisfying their specific psychological needs and improving their sense of control.