Explore the vast range of titles available.

aw plays a crucial role in protecting the health of populations. Whether the public health threat is bioterrorism, pandemic influenza, obesity, or lung cancer, law is an essential tool for addressing the problem. Yet for many decades, courts and lawyers have frequently overlooked law's critical importance to public health.Populations, Public Health, and the Lawseeks to remedy that omission. The book demonstrates why public health protection is a vital objective for the law and presents a new population-based approach to legal analysis that can help law achieve its public health mission while remaining true to its own core values. By looking at a diverse range of topics, including food safety, death and dying, and pandemic preparedness, Wendy E. Parmet shows how a population-based legal analysis that recalls the importance of populations and uses the tools of public health can enhance legal decision making while protecting both public health and the rights and liberties of individuals and their communities.

Background Short‐form videos, characterized by fast‐paced and high‐arousal content, may have unique effects on children's attention development distinct from other forms of media. However, their impacts remain underexplored, especially in school‐age children, a critical period for prefrontal circuitry's maturation. Objective This study examined the association between short‐form video media use and inattentive behaviors among school‐age children, drawn from both clinical and nonclinical samples, while also exploring the associations with hyperactive–impulsive and oppositional‐defiant behaviors as secondary outcomes. Designs, Settings, and Participants A cross‐sectional survey was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Thailand between November 2023 and March 2024. Participants included guardians of children aged 6–12 attending outpatient vaccinations and child psychiatric clinics. Inattentive behaviors and secondary outcomes were assessed using the parent‐rated Thai version of the SNAP‐IV short form. Generalized linear models examined their associations with short‐form video media use, adjusted for covariates such as total screen time, demographic data, parenting practices, and parental mental wellbeing. Results The analysis included 528 participants, with 11.6% previously diagnosed with ADHD. Short‐form video media use was significantly associated with higher inattentive behaviors. The association was stronger among younger participants. No significant associations were found with hyperactive–impulsive or oppositional‐defiant behaviors, although total screen time remained significantly associated with these outcomes. Conclusion The observed association between short‐form video media use and inattention, together with the significant negative interaction with age in this school‐age sample, adds to the growing literature on the neuropsychiatric impacts of the media and underscores the needs for studies on mechanisms and long‐term impacts. This survey examined the relationship between short‐form video use and attention in school‐age children. Analyzing responses from 528 participants, short‐form video use was linked to higher inattentive symptoms, with a stronger association in younger children. Further studies on the long‐term effects and potential bidirectional mechanisms are needed.

Poor diet quality (diet diversity and animal‐source food [ASF] consumption) during childhood negatively affects growth, development, behaviour and physiologic function in later life. Relatively less is known about the impact of poor diet on the growth of school‐age children compared to children <5 years of age, especially in low/middle‐income countries. A better understanding of delivery strategies for effective interventions to improve diet and hence growth in school‐age children is needed. A 36‐month longitudinal controlled impact evaluation in rural Nepal assessed the nutrition and growth of children <5 years of age in families assigned via community clusters to full package intervention (community development, training in nutrition [during pregnancy and for children <5 years] and livestock husbandry), partial package (training only) or control (no inputs). Concurrent data were collected prospectively (baseline plus additional four rounds) on school‐age children (5–8 years at baseline) in these households; the present study analysed findings in the cohort of school‐age children seen at all five study visits (n = 341). Diet quality improved more in the full package school‐age children compared to those in partial package or control households. full package children consumed more ASF (β +0.40 [CI 0.07,0.73], p < 0.05), more diverse diets (β +0.93 [CI 0.55,1.31], p < 0.001) and had better head circumference z‐scores (β +0.21 [CI 0.07,0.35], p < 0.01) than control children. In conclusion, a multi‐sectoral community development intervention was associated with improvements in diet and growth of school‐age children in rural Nepal even though the intervention focused on the diet of children <5 years of age. The diet and growth of school‐age children can be favourably influenced by community‐level interventions, even indirectly. A multi‐sectoral community development intervention has helped improve the diet of school‐aged children in Nepal. At baseline, animal‐source food (ASF) consumption did not vary significantly among the three groups. However, compared to baseline, the full package intervention group saw a nearly threefold increase in ASF consumption, along with an increase in dietary diversity score (DDS) by approximately 30%. Key messages Relatively less is known about the factors that influence diet quality and growth in school‐age children compared to younger children, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Better diet quality and growth were found among school‐age children whose families participated in an impact study multi‐sectoral intervention compared to children in control families or those whose families only received nutrition training. Diet and growth of school‐age children can be favourably influenced by community‐level interventions.

Intro -- The Growth of World Population -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Contents -- Introduction -- Conclusions -- World Population Problems -- THE GROWTH OF WORLD POPULATION -- POPULATION GROWTH IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD -- THE REDUCTION OF FERTILITY AND MORTALITY IN WESTERN EUROPE SINCE 1800 -- DECLINING FERTILITY AND MORTALITY IN OTHER INDUSTRIALIZED AREAS -- POPULATION TRENDS IN LESS-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES -- POPULATION TRENDS AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES -- Social Factors -- Familial factors -- Personal factors -- Attitudinal factors -- Communication factors -- Organizational factors -- Economic factors -- Bio-Medical Factors -- METHODS CURRENTLY MOST PROMISING -- Inhibition of ovulation -- Antizygotic agents -- Antispermatogenic agents -- Intra-uterine devices -- METHODS OF FUTURE PROMISE -- Inhibition of implantation -- Control of hypothalamic factors -- Immunologic procedures -- Detection of ovulation -- Summary Statement.

Background and Aims Food insecurity combined with chronic disease conditions is a risk factor for Emergency Department (ED) utilization, an indicator of poor quality of care. However, such an association is not certain among school‐age children with chronic conditions. Therefore, we aim to determine the association of food insecurity, chronic conditions, and ED utilization among school‐age children in the United States. Methods We analyzed the data from the 2017 Medical expenditure panel survey (MEPS) among children aged 6–17 years (N = 5518). MEPS data was released electronically by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). We identified four groups of school‐age children based on the presence of food security and chronic conditions: 1) with food insecurity and chronic conditions; 2) no food insecurity and chronic conditions; 3) with food insecurity and no chronic conditions; and 4) no food insecurity and no chronic conditions. We compared ED utilization among these four groups using incidence rate ratios (IRR) after adjusting children's age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, insurance coverage, obesity, and geographic region using count data model, specifically multivariable Poison regression. We used SAS 9.4 and STATA 14.2 for all the data analyses. Results There were unweighted 5518 school‐age children who represented weighted 50,479,419 school‐age children in the final analysis. Overall, 6.0% had food insecurity with chronic conditions. These children had higher ED utilization (19.7%) than the other three groups (13.3%, 8.8%, and 7.2%, p < 0.001). The adjusted IRR of ED utilization among school‐age children with food insecurity and chronic conditions was 1.90 (95% confidence interval 1.20–3.01, p = 0.007) compared with those with food security and chronic conditions. Conclusion One in 16 school‐age children has both food insecurity and chronic conditions. Food insecurity was positively associated with frequent ED visits in the presence of chronic conditions. Therefore, addressing food insecurity may reduce the risk of ED visits.

Paul Farmer has battled AIDS in rural Haiti and deadly strains of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the slums of Peru. A physician-anthropologist with more than fifteen years in the field, Farmer writes from the front lines of the war against these modern plagues and shows why, even more than those of history, they target the poor. This \"peculiarly modern inequality\" that permeates AIDS, TB, malaria, and typhoid in the modern world, and that feeds emerging (or re-emerging) infectious diseases such as Ebola and cholera, is laid bare in Farmer's harrowing stories of sickness and suffering. Challenging the accepted methodologies of epidemiology and international health, he points out that most current explanatory strategies, from \"cost-effectiveness\" to patient \"noncompliance,\" inevitably lead to blaming the victims. In reality, larger forces, global as well as local, determine why some people are sick and others are shielded from risk. Yet this moving account is far from a hopeless inventory of insoluble problems. Farmer writes of what can be done in the face of seemingly overwhelming odds, by physicians determined to treat those in need. Infections and Inequalities weds meticulous scholarship with a passion for solutions—remedies for the plagues of the poor and the social maladies that have sustained them.

Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption impacts nutrient intake and plays an important role in non-communicable diseases (NCD), even among schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the food consumption of this population and its relationship with laboratory and anthropometric aspects. A sample of 190 subjects aged 5 to 19 y was randomly selected for dietary, laboratory, and anthropometric assessment. Statistical inference was calculated using Spearman’s correlation. Excess weight was observed in 34%, a high Waist-to-Height Ratio in 9%, and hypertriglyceridemia in 17% of the subjects, higher among those from urban schools (45%, p = 0.011; 15%, p = 0.015; 24%, p = 0.026, respectively). UPF consumption represented 21% of caloric intake and showed a positive correlation with trans fatty acids (r = 0.70) and sugar (r = 0.59) intake. Unprocessed food consumption showed a weak, but significant, correlation with Body Mass Index (r = 0.22) and Waist Circumference (r = 0.23), while processed meat showed a negative correlation with serum ferritin (r = −0.16) and vitamins D (r = −0.20) and B12 (r = −0.15). These findings highlight the need for public policies to promote Food and Nutritional Security for schoolchildren to prevent NCD and nutritional deficiencies.

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood that interferes with normal nutrition intake, speech, and daily routine activities. Dental caries is a lifetime disease, and the highest priority risk group is school children. Aim: To assess the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs among school going children of Chandigarh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among school going children of Chandigarh in the age group of 3-17 years. The subjects were selected from four randomly selected schools. All the children from the selected schools were examined. A total of 4493 subjects formed the sample size. Dentition status was assessed using dft index by Gruebbel for primary dentition and DMFT index by Klein, Palmer, Knutson for permanent dentition, respectively. Chi-square test was used to find an association between the study variables. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the mean difference. Results: Among the 4493 study subjects, caries prevalence was found to be 47.3%. Mean dft and DMFT score of the population was 1.06 ± 1.995 and 0.41 ± 1.022, respectively. When analyzing the treatment needs among various age groups 42.6% of the study subjects required oral prophylaxis and 45% required restorative procedures. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that high prevalence of caries was found in primary dentition than permanent dentition and most of the decayed teeth were untreated. This study emphasize the need for treating dental caries at its earliest possible stage and parents should be made aware of caries preventive measures for their children.

Digital technology plays an important role in achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, access is uneven, with 80% of those in high-income countries being online compared to 20% of those in the 47 least developed countries. This study aimed to describe and analyse adolescents’ access to and usage of digital technology in Guinea-Bissau and its implications. In June 2017, a survey with a locally adapted Planet Youth questionnaire was implemented in the capital, Bissau, whereby classes in 16 secondary schools were surveyed on a variety of issues. In total, 2039 randomly selected students participated; the survey included ten questions specifically on the access to and use of digital technology. Half of the respondents had access to desktop/laptops, and one-third used mobile internet daily; about two-thirds had an experience of social media. Explanatory variables included educational institution, parental education, economic situation, and gender. Furthermore, students’ experience of social media was significantly linked to bullying, anxiety, depression, smoking and alcohol consumption. Many adolescents in Bissau have no experience of using digital technology, including for schoolwork. Access improvements are necessary so that young Bissau-Guineans are not to be left behind in developing their capabilities and can benefit from proficiency in the use of digital technologies. At the same time, potential harmful usage of the media requires the implementation of preventive measures.