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When galaxies were born : the quest for cosmic dawn
\"Approximately 300,000 years after the Big Bang, all matter consisted of three chemical elements: hydrogen, helium, and a bit of lithium. This matter spread out as the universe expanded and cooled down, and from the far-flung gas clusters the first stars ignited. Eventually, due to gravitational clustering, primordial galaxies formed. The earliest galaxies, which evolved in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang, contained stars that in turn contained only hydrogen and helium. These galaxies are thought to have produced copious amounts of ultraviolet radiation, which re-ionized the hydrogen in deep space and sparked one of the major phase transitions in the universe's early evolution, called the reionization era. In When Galaxies Were Born, Ellis describes efforts to reveal the oldest, most distant stars and galaxies in the universe and, in turn, to better understand the early evolution of the universe. Observational research into the largely uncharted cosmological era of \"cosmic dawn\" is notoriously difficult and involves such major space- and ground-based observatories as ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) in Chile, the twin Keck telescopes on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, and the Hubble Space Telescope, and it will progress in the future using the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) in Chile, the Thirty-Meter Telescope (TMT) in Hawaii, and the NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), due to launch in mid-December 2021. While giving readers an inside look at the last several decades of progress in the field, Ellis also shares his own story and personal perspective, taking readers along as he uses observatories around the world to reveal how the first stars and galaxies came into being and how the earliest galaxies led to the further emergence of cosmic structure in the universe\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The first galaxies in the universe
This book provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to one of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics today: the quest to understand how the oldest and most distant galaxies in our universe first formed. Until now, most research on this question has been theoretical, but the next few years will bring about a new generation of large telescopes that promise to supply a flood of data about the infant universe during its first billion years after the big bang. This book bridges the gap between theory and observation. It is an invaluable reference for students and researchers on early galaxies.
The First Galaxies in the Universestarts from basic physical principles before moving on to more advanced material. Topics include the gravitational growth of structure, the intergalactic medium, the formation and evolution of the first stars and black holes, feedback and galaxy evolution, reionization, 21-cm cosmology, and more.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to this exciting frontier in astrophysicsBegins from first principlesCovers advanced topics such as the first stars and 21-cm cosmologyPrepares students for research using the next generation of large telescopesDiscusses many open questions to be explored in the coming decade
eBook
Impact : how rocks from space led to life, culture, and Donkey Kong
A noted meteoriticist shows how meteorites have helped build our planet and influenced humanity since the start of civilization.
Book
The Ionospheric Connection Explorer Mission: Mission Goals and Design
The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a new NASA Explorer mission that will explore the boundary between Earth and space to understand the physical connection between our world and our space environment. This connection is made in the ionosphere, which has long been known to exhibit variability associated with the sun and solar wind. However, it has been recognized in the 21st century that equally significant changes in ionospheric conditions are apparently associated with energy and momentum propagating upward from our own atmosphere. ICON’s goal is to weigh the competing impacts of these two drivers as they influence our space environment. Here we describe the specific science objectives that address this goal, as well as the means by which they will be achieved. The instruments selected, the overall performance requirements of the science payload and the operational requirements are also described. ICON’s development began in 2013 and the mission is on track for launch in 2018. ICON is developed and managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key contributions from several partner institutions.
Journal Article
The little book of exoplanets
\"The first detection in 1995 of a planet orbiting a sun-like star outside our solar system marked the dawn of a new age of discovery-one that has rapidly transformed astronomy and our broader understanding of our place in the universe. Nearly five thousand exoplanets have been identified since then, with the pace of discovery only accelerating following the launch of missions like NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Satellite Survey and others to come. We now know that most sun-like stars host their own systems of planets analogous to our solar system, and a few of these planets may potentially be like Earth. But arguably the most remarkable discoveries so far have been of planets with unexpected, decidedly un-Earth-like properties, which have upended what we thought we knew about the origins of planets and planetary systems. The Little Book of Exoplanets provides a concise, cutting-edge introduction to this field for general readers, written by leading Princeton exoplanet scientist Josh Winn. It offers an accessible view into the sophisticated detective work astronomers perform to detect and characterize exoplanets, and describes the surprising, sometimes downright bizarre planets and systems we have found. Winn explains how these discoveries are revolutionizing astronomy, and explores the current status and future of our search for another Earth. He concludes with a reflection on how our discovery of exoplanets changes our perspective on the universe\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
The Physics and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
Research into active galactic nuclei (AGN) – the compact, luminous hearts of many galaxies – is at the forefront of modern astrophysics. Understanding these objects requires extensive knowledge in many different areas: accretion disks, the physics of dust and ionized gas, astronomical spectroscopy, star formation, and the cosmological evolution of galaxies and black holes. This new text by Hagai Netzer, a renowned astronomer and leader in the field, provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory underpinning our study of AGN and the ways that we observe them. It emphasizes the basic physics underlying AGN, the different types of active galaxies and their various components, and the complex interplay between them and other astronomical objects. Recent developments regarding the evolutionary connections between active galaxies and star-forming galaxies are explained in detail. Both graduate students and researchers will benefit from Netzer's authoritative contributions to this exciting field of research.
eBook
A call to vengeance
\"Book three in the nationally best-selling Manticore Ascendant series, a prequel series to David Weber's multiple New York Times best-selling Honor Harrington series. Sequel to A Call to Duty and A Call to Arms. After the disastrous attack on the Manticoran home system by forces unknown, the Royal Manticoran Navy stands on the brink of collapse. A shadowy enemy with the resources to hurl warships across hundreds of light years seeks to conquer the Star Kingdom for reasons unknown, while forces from within Manticore's own government seek to discredit and weaken the Navy for reasons very much known: their own political gain. It's up to officers like Travis Long and Lisa Donnelly to defend the Star Kingdom and the Royal Manticoran Navy from these threats, but the challenge is greater than any they have faced before. Weakened but not defeated, the mercenary forces and their mysterious employer could return at any time, and the anti-Navy faction within Parliament is growing. The situation becomes even more dire when fresh tragedy strikes the Star Kingdom. While the House of Winton faces their enemies at home, Travis, Lisa, and the other officers of the Royal Manticoran Navy must reunite with old friends and join new allies to hunt down and eliminate the forces arrayed against them in a galaxy-spanning conspiracy. Manticore has learned that the universe is not a safe place, but the Star Kingdom's enemies are about to learn it's dangerous to mess the Manticore!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022
In recent years, planetary science has seen a tremendous growth in new knowledge. Deposits of water ice exist at the Moon's poles. Discoveries on the surface of Mars point to an early warm wet climate, and perhaps conditions under which life could have emerged. Liquid methane rain falls on Saturn's moon Titan, creating rivers, lakes, and geologic landscapes with uncanny resemblances to Earth's.
Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 surveys the current state of knowledge of the solar system and recommends a suite of planetary science flagship missions for the decade 2013-2022 that could provide a steady stream of important new discoveries about the solar system. Research priorities defined in the report were selected through a rigorous review that included input from five expert panels. NASA's highest priority large mission should be the Mars Astrobiology Explorer Cacher (MAX-C), a mission to Mars that could help determine whether the planet ever supported life and could also help answer questions about its geologic and climatic history. Other projects should include a mission to Jupiter's icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean, and the Uranus Orbiter and Probe mission to investigate that planet's interior structure, atmosphere, and composition. For medium-size missions, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 recommends that NASA select two new missions to be included in its New Frontiers program, which explores the solar system with frequent, mid-size spacecraft missions. If NASA cannot stay within budget for any of these proposed flagship projects, it should focus on smaller, less expensive missions first.
Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 suggests that the National Science Foundation expand its funding for existing laboratories and establish new facilities as needed. It also recommends that the program enlist the participation of international partners. This report is a vital resource for government agencies supporting space science, the planetary science community, and the public.
eBook
Breach of containment
\"Hostilities between factions are threatening to explode into a shooting war on the moon of Yakutsk, and the two major galactic military powers, Central Corps and PSI, have sent ships to defuse the situation. But when a strange artifact is discovered, events are set in motion that threaten the entire colonized galaxy--including former Central Corps Commander Elena Shaw. Now an engineer on a commercial shipping vessel, Elena finds herself drawn into the conflict when she picks up the artifact on Yakutsk--and investigation of it uncovers ties to the massive, corrupt corporation Ellis Systems, which she's opposed before. Her safety is further compromised by her former ties to Central Corps; Elena can't separate herself from her past life and her old ship, the CCSS Galileo. Before Elena can uncover the artifact's purpose, disaster strikes: all communication with the First Sector--including Earth--is lost. The reason becomes apparent as news reaches Elena of a battle fleet, intent on destruction, rapidly approaching Earth. And with communications at sublight speeds, there is no way to warn the planet in time. Armed with crucial intel from a shadowy source and the strange artifact, Elena may be the only one who can stop the fleet and save Earth. But for this mission there will be no second chances--and no return\"--Publisher.
Book
Time-Delay Cosmography: Measuring the Hubble Constant and Other Cosmological Parameters with Strong Gravitational Lensing
Multiply lensed images of a same source experience a relative time delay in the arrival of photons due to the path length difference and the different gravitational potentials the photons travel through. This effect can be used to measure absolute distances and the Hubble constant (
H
0
) and is known as time-delay cosmography. The method is independent of the local distance ladder and early-universe physics and provides a precise and competitive measurement of
H
0
. With upcoming observatories, time-delay cosmography can provide a 1% precision measurement of
H
0
and can decisively shed light on the current reported ‘Hubble tension’. This manuscript details the general methodology developed over the past decades in time-delay cosmography, discusses recent advances and results, and, foremost, provides a foundation and outlook for the next decade in providing accurate and ever more precise measurements with increased sample size and improved observational techniques.
Journal Article