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"SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PLANNING"
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Innovation, strategy and risk in construction
\"Innovation, Strategy and Risk in Construction integrates insights from business and government leaders with contemporary research, to help construction firms of all sizes to use times of crisis to their own advantage and build greater adaptive capacity into their operations. Accessible and full of practical examples, the book argues that traditional business strategies which seek to systematise innovation and eliminate uncertainty need to be balanced with more flexible approaches which acknowledge and harness uncertainty. The missing key to innovation, it is argued, is to turn serendipity into capability. The author proposes a simple model which allows managers to tap into the increasing dynamic and interconnected nature of the construction industry. Innovation does not occur in isolation within individual firms, but through collaboration. Each stakeholder in the construction industry has a responsibility to drive innovation, and this book will be key reading for consultants, contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and clients, as well as policy makers and all serious students of construction management\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Politics across the Hudson : the Tappan Zee megaproject
\"A behind-the-scenes look at three decades of planning and politics for the new Tappan Zee Bridge reveals essential lessons for those interested in tackling complex public policy problems, yet it will also confirm your worst fears about governmental dysfunction. The New York metropolitan area abandoned viable options, squandered hundreds of millions of dollars, forfeited more than three billion dollars in federal funds, and missed out on important opportunities. For more than 30 years, New York officials were unable to develop a consensus on a realistic plan to improve transportation conditions in New York's northern suburbs. Planning improvements for a region with more than 22 million people is difficult enough, but several state officials made it even harder when they raised false expectations about government's ability to solve a problem. Three governors preferred to keep studying various alternatives rather than disappointing key constituencies. Faced with the public's unrealistic expectations, it seemed impossible to identify a solution that was both practical and popular. The governors had little to gain from lowering expectations; instead they were trapped by them. One troubling lesson from the I-287 / Tappan Zee Bridge planning process is that leaders who expedite projects often do so by making decisions behind closed doors with little community input. Although everyone supports government transparency and public participation, in reality too much public involvement gets in the way of finalizing plans and constructing megaprojects\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Innovation: applying knowledge in development
The Millennium Development Goals, adopted at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000, are the world's targets for dramatically reducing extreme poverty in its many dimensions by 2015 income poverty, hunger, disease, exclusion, lack of infrastructure and shelter while promoting gender equality, education, health and environmental sustainability. These bold goals can be met in all parts of the world if nations follow through on their commitments to work together to meet them. Achieving the Millennium Development Goals offers the prospect of a more secure, just, and prosperous world for all.
The UN Millennium Project was commissioned by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to develop a practical plan of action to meet the Millennium Development Goals. As an independent advisory body directed by Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs, the UN Millennium Project submitted its recommendations to the UN Secretary General in January 2005.
The core of the UN Millennium Project's work has been carried out by 10 thematic Task Forces comprising more than 250 experts from around the world, including scientists, development practitioners, parliamentarians, policymakers, and representatives from civil society, UN agencies, the World Bank, the IMF, and the private sector.
This report argues that meeting the Millennium Development Goals will require a substantial reorientation of development policies to focus on key sources of economic growth, particularly the use of scientific and technological knowledge and related institutional adjustments. It outlines key areas for policy action, including focusing on platform or generic technologies; defining infrastructure services as a foundation for technology; improving higher education in science and placing universities at the center of local development; spurring entrepreneurial activities; improving the policy environment; and focusing on areas of under-funded research for development.
eBook
Open data governance and its actors : theory and practice
This book combines theoretical and practical knowledge about key actors and driving forces that help to initiate and advance open data governance. Using Finland and Sweden as case studies, it sheds light on the roles of key actors in the open data movement, enabling researchers to understand the key operational elements of data-driven governance. It also examines the most salient manifestations of related networking activities, the motivations of stakeholders, and the political and socioeconomic readiness of the public, private and civic sectors to advance such policies. The book will appeal to e-government experts, policymakers and political scientists, as well as academics and students of public administration, public policy, and open data governance. Maxat Kassen is a political scientist and e-government scholar. He is a former Fulbright Scholar at the University of Illinois Chicago, USA. His research focuses on e-government and open data.
Book
متطلبات تطبيق مدخل ستة سيجما ( Six Sigma ) لتحسين جودة الاداء بجامعة الامام محمد بن سعود الاسلامية
سعت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أهم متطلبات تطبيق الستة سيجما بجامعة الإمام بن سعود الإسلامية، وبالتحديد من خلال المتطلبات الخاصة بمراحل (التعريف، القياس، التحليل، التحسين، الضبط). وقد تم تطبيق المنهج الوصفي على أفراد الدراسة البالغ عددهم (28) عضو هيئة تدريس بقسم التربية بكلية العلوم الاجتماعية. و(14) خبيرا بإدارة الجودة التابعة لوكالة الجامعة للدراسات والتطوير والاعتماد الأكاديمي. وتم إعداد استبانة مكونة من (57) عبارة)، وقد صنفت عبارات الاستبانة إلى خمسة محاور هي متطلبات خاصة بمرحلة (التعريف، والقياس، والتحليل، والتحسين، والضبط) وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج منها: وافق أفراد الدراسة (بدرجة عالية) على أهمية جميع المتطلبات الخاصة بالمراحل الخمس وكان أبرزها: أولا: متطلبات خاصة بمرحلة (التعريف): دراسة احتياجات المجتمع ومؤسساته البحثية والاستشارية وغيرها من كليات الجامعة المختلفة، وإجراء دراسات لتحديد مواصفات خريجي كل كلية بالجامعة وفقا لاحتياجات سوق العمل. ثانيا: متطلبات خاصة بمرحلة (القياس): توفير الأساليب والتقنيات الحديثة لاستخدامها في جميع المعلومات لتوفير بدائل للمشكلات التي تواجه العمليات، ووضع آليات وضوابط تحكم العمل وتساعد في تقويم مدى تحقيق الأهداف المرجوة. ثالثا: متطلبات خاصة بمرحلة (التحليل): تحديد الأدوار والمسئوليات التي يمثلها أعضاء الفريق حتى يتم تحقيق النتائج بفعالية، وتشخيص ودراسة أغراض الانحرافات المسببة للمشكلات وتحليل أسبابها. رابعا: متطلبات خاصة بمرحلة (التحسين): وضع مجموعة من الخطط التنفيذية لتحسين أداء العمليات، وتوفير المناخ التنظيمي الملائم لتحسين الأداء داخل الجامعة. خامسا: متطلبات خاصة بمرحلة (الضبط): العمل على تصحيح الأخطاء التي تظهر بالعملية بشكل دوري ومستمر، ووضع آليات لضبط الأسلوب وتحسين البدائل لتطوير العملية الجديدة. واختتمت الدراسة بعدة توصيات بناءا على النتائج تؤكد أهمية تطبيق متطلبات الستة سيجما في تحسين جودة الأداء بجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية.
Journal Article
15-Minute City: Decomposing the New Urban Planning Eutopia
As cities are struggling to cope with the second wave of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the idea of 15-min cities seem to have sparked planners’ imagination and politicians’ willingness for providing us with a new urban planning eutopia. This paper explores the “15-min city” concept as a structural and functional element for redesigning contemporary cities. Methodologically, a study of three case cities that have adopted this new model of city vision, is carried out. The analysis focus on understanding how the idea of 15-min cities fits the legacies of different cities as described by traditional planning principles in the context of three evaluation pillars: inclusion, safety and health. The paper argues that the 15-min city approach is not a radical new idea since it utilizes long established planning principles. Nevertheless, it uses these principles to achieve the bottom-up promotion of wellbeing while it proposes an alternative way to think about optimal resource allocation in a citywide scale. Hence, application of 15-min city implies a shift in the emphasis of planning from the accessibility of neighborhood to urban functions to the proximity of urban functions within neighborhoods, along with large systemic changes in resource allocation patterns and governance schemes citywide.
Journal Article
Planning nature-based solutions
Nature-based solutions (NBS) find increasing attention as actions to address societal challenges through harnessing ecological processes, yet knowledge gaps exist regarding approaches to landscape planning with NBS. This paper aims to provide suggestions of how planning NBS can be conceptualized and applied in practice. We develop a framework for planning NBS by merging insights from literature and a case study in the Lahn river landscape, Germany. Our framework relates to three key criteria that define NBS, and consists of six steps of planning: Co-define setting, Understand challenges, Create visions and scenarios, Assess potential impacts, Develop solution strategies, and Realize and monitor. Its implementation is guided by five principles, namely Place-specificity, Evidence base, Integration, Equity, and Transdisciplinarity. Drawing on the empirical insights from the case study, we suggest suitable methods and a checklist of supportive procedures for applying the framework in practice. Taken together, our framework can facilitate planning NBS and provides further steps towards mainstreaming.
Journal Article
Learning from urban form to predict building heights
Understanding cities as complex systems, sustainable urban planning depends on reliable high-resolution data, for example of the building stock to upscale region-wide retrofit policies. For some cities and regions, these data exist in detailed 3D models based on real-world measurements. However, they are still expensive to build and maintain, a significant challenge, especially for small and medium-sized cities that are home to the majority of the European population. New methods are needed to estimate relevant building stock characteristics reliably and cost-effectively. Here, we present a machine learning based method for predicting building heights, which is based only on open-access geospatial data on urban form, such as building footprints and street networks. The method allows to predict building heights for regions where no dedicated 3D models exist currently. We train our model using building data from four European countries (France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany) and find that the morphology of the urban fabric surrounding a given building is highly predictive of the height of the building. A test on the German state of Brandenburg shows that our model predicts building heights with an average error well below the typical floor height (about 2.5 m), without having access to training data from Germany. Furthermore, we show that even a small amount of local height data obtained by citizens substantially improves the prediction accuracy. Our results illustrate the possibility of predicting missing data on urban infrastructure; they also underline the value of open government data and volunteered geographic information for scientific applications, such as contextual but scalable strategies to mitigate climate change.
Journal Article
Technology Management
This chapter contains sections titled:
What Is Technology Management/Management of Technology (MOT)?
Significance of Technology Management
New Endeavors in Management of Technology
References and Further Reading
Book Chapter