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"SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION"
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A survival guide to the misinformation age : scientific habits of mind
\"This book provides an inoculation against the misinformation epidemic by cultivating scientific habits of mind. From dissolving our fear of numbers and demystifying graphs, to elucidating the key concepts of probability and the use of precise language and logic, Helfand supplies an essential set of apps for the pre-frontal cortex while making science both accessible and entertaining.\"--Publisher marketing.
Book
The Creation of a National System of Scientific and Engineering Information in the Context of Increasing Digitalization and the New Sociopolitical Landscape
This study discusses the historical aspects of, current status of, and prospects for building a new national public system of scientific and engineering information (NPSSEI) in the context of digitalization and a new sociopolitical landscape. The work emphasizes the need to unite all of the country’s information generators, namely, SEI centers, academic libraries, and open-access systems, to build a new NPSSEI.
Journal Article
Look inside : cutaway illustrations and visual storytelling
\"The cutaway illustrations in this book allow our eyes to see what usually remains hidden. They open up houses, bodies, and objects, and allow the individual parts to comprehensively explain the whole. Looking at the outside of things such as architecture, anatomy, or vehicles does not usually reveal much about their internal structures and functions. To learn more, we need to see inside them. Look Inside features infographics that cut up or take apart their subjects and make them transparent. The resulting cross sections and interior views present precise detail in multiple layers. Look Inside starts with a discussion of Arnhem Land, the earliest known cutaway illustrations, showing that even 28,000 years ago, humans had a fascination with how things internally work: the processes that are hidden from the human eye. Including work from both centuries past and the cutting-edge present, Look Inside is an unparalleled compendium of cutaway techniques and their wide-ranging applications. Works from Jewish-German physician Fritz Kahn's imagine the human body as a mechanized factory; Kahn's visual metaphors show conveyor belts and offices instead of veins and valves. Exploded images of classic sports cars allows Fabian Oefner to show every piece of the automotive puzzle from the body shell to individual tiny screws. Richard Orr's scientific pieces represent the natural world and continue in the genre's traditional thread of handmade illustrations; whether a beaver lodge or an arctic circle landscape, Orr presents a vivid natural world or layers and scientific hierarchies. The luxurious collection within Look Inside was curated by renowned information designers and creative directors, Samuel and Juan Velasco. The Velasco brothers have provided invaluable and inspirational insight in the history and theory of cutaway illustrations and visual storytelling.\"--Publisher.
Book
Thinking critically about scientific information generated by ChatGPT
Purpose
In November 2022, the commercial company, OpenAI, launched ChatGPT. Since then, university students have rapidly become regular users of this artificial intelligence (AI) platform. One reason for this is the powerful capability of this generative AI tool to produce textual content, which in many cases, is almost indistinguishable from human-generated content. Another reason is that ChatGPT easily gives anyone access to knowledge. However, there is a problem as the vast majority of its users have no idea how this AI platform works and thus overlook the importance of thinking critically about information communicated in ChatGPT. While some call for banning this generative AI tool, this study aims to provide evidence that science classrooms can become scenarios where students find explicit, concrete, and realistic opportunities to critically evaluate scientific information generated by ChatGPT.
Design/methodology/approach
An intervention study was conducted with 55 students (26 females and 29 males, 17–24 years old) during a university Spanish-English bilingual science course taught within an active learning environment. The data consist of the written critiques of the students about Spanish-English bilingual scientific texts produced by ChatGPT.
Findings
Results indicate that the intervention had a positive effect on students’ abilities to construct sound arguments in Spanish and in English while judging the quality of scientific texts produced by this AI bot. Moreover, the findings suggest that the intervention enriched students’ skills to make improvements to texts produced by this generative AI tool.
Originality/value
The evidence provided in this study contributes to the exploration of possibilities to help students become critical users of ChatGPT.
Journal Article
Investigating factors that influence students’ ability to seek online bilingual scientific information
Purpose
Seeking online bilingual scientific information is a key aspect of bilingual scientific Web literacy – abilities to engage critically with science on the Web using two languages. This study aims to determine whether factors such as age, education major, gender and type of school attended at secondary level (monolingual, bilingual, trilingual) influence undergraduates’ ability to search online Spanish-English bilingual scientific information.
Design/methodology/approach
The participants in this study were 60 students (43 females and 17 males, 18–25 years old) enrolled in a university bilingual science course at a high-ranked Colombian university. They were asked to complete two tasks in which they had to seek online scientific information in Spanish and in English and post their responses on the Web application, Padlet® (padlet.com).
Findings
Results indicate that students’ gender and age influence their academic performance in both tasks and level of originality in using information obtained via the Web, respectively. Moreover, the “scientific journal” was the top source of online information from which participants sought most information to complete both tasks.
Originality/value
People are becoming increasingly accustomed to seeking and sharing online scientific information to support points of view and make decisions. However, it is not known which factors influence students’ ability to seek online first language-English bilingual scientific information in countries where English is the second or foreign language.
Journal Article
Museum and School Interpretation of Cultural Heritage
The museum and the school are two complementary institutions within the system of cultural heritage care. The Knight’s Hall in Brežice Castle is used here as an example for qualitative research on cultural heritage interpretation. The research focused on scientific art-historical information as the basis for cultural messaging. The analysis of the museum interpretation included a printed Knight’s Hall guidebook, as well as hall-related information boards and digital information, while the analysis of the school interpretation included an art history exam catalogue and an art history textbook. The research revealed a minor difference in the interpretation of the Baroque wall paintings, specifically with regard to the ceiling of the hall. At the museum, the ceiling is interpreted as a part of the wall painting, not, however, as its highlight.
Journal Article
Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age
As digital technologies are expanding the power and reach of research, they are also raising complex issues. These include complications in ensuring the validity of research data; standards that do not keep pace with the high rate of innovation; restrictions on data sharing that reduce the ability of researchers to verify results and build on previous research; and huge increases in the amount of data being generated, creating severe challenges in preserving that data for long-term use.
Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age examines the consequences of the changes affecting research data with respect to three issues - integrity, accessibility, and stewardship-and finds a need for a new approach to the design and the management of research projects. The report recommends that all researchers receive appropriate training in the management of research data, and calls on researchers to make all research data, methods, and other information underlying results publicly accessible in a timely manner. The book also sees the stewardship of research data as a critical long-term task for the research enterprise and its stakeholders. Individual researchers, research institutions, research sponsors, professional societies, and journals involved in scientific, engineering, and medical research will find this book an essential guide to the principles affecting research data in the digital age.
eBook
The Possible Implementation of the Federal Project for the Development of Scientific Libraries
The Instruction of the President on the implementation of the Federal Project for the Development of Scientific Libraries is outlined. It is proposed to hold a public discussion of this project. The possible content of the directions of the proposed project directions are considered: the creation of a model of a scientific and technical library forming a digital center of scientific knowledge of scientific and educational organizations; the development and implementation of a model of a unified information system for technical libraries providing their services to consumers; the creation of a register of scientific and technical libraries and centers of scientific and technical information; and the digitization and updating of fixed assets of scientific and technical libraries.
Journal Article